Study on Preservation of Boar Semen and Bacteria Contamination in Kandal Province

The breeding program is progressing steadily,with increasing the awareness among farmers regarding the its critical role in improving productivity,promoting rapid growth,enhancing disease resistance,and boosting household income.At the same time,the dissemination of AI(Artificila Insemination)technique among farmers has been active and effective.For the application of the AI,the quality of boar semen is extended in BTS(Belts Ville Thawing Solution)for more longer preservation period.The study purpose is to evaluate sperm survival time and bacterie contamination in boar semen.Six boars with different breed around 3 years old were used for this study as two Durocs,two Landraces and two Yorkshires.In evaluation sperm survival time in extender on each boar was designed by CRD(Completely Randomized Design)and calculating the survival time of spermatozoa was done after semen dilution and the sperm mobility was determined.The experimental BTS compositions are glucose,sodium bicarbonate acid,trisodium citrate,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,potassium chloride and distill water.In the same time,eighteen sample semen ware collected and used for detection of bacterial contamination.The results showed that the survival time of spermatozoa with its straight mobility more than 50%between the commercial BTS and BTS-KH was from 52 to 56 h.They are not significantly different(p>0.05).And the total survival time of spermatozoa was from 92 to 98 h,they are also not significantly different(p>0.05).The survival time of spermatozoa with its straight mobility more than 50%between the Yorkshire,Landrace and Duroc was 55 h 5 min,54 h 25 min and 50 h 18 min respectively.They are significantly different(p>0.05).The total survival time of spermatozoa between the commercial BTS and BTS-KH was 97 h 19 min,91 h 29 min and 92 h 26 min respectively.They are also not significantly different(p>0.05).The main bacteria isolated from the diluted semen were gram-negative bacteria,Escherichia coli 27.78%was contaminated with an average 6.4×106 CFU/mL,and the family Pseudomonaceae was 11.11%with 8.3×106 CFU/mL.In conclusion,the comparative results of the survival time of spematozoa during the breeding period(t=0.5)between the breeds and extender are similar.For bacteria contamination isolate from the semen all breeds may be due to direct and environmental factors.It is a rainy season with heavy rains that can cause infections.

Microbial Quality Assessment of Locally Produced Millet Drink “Lamugin” and Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyxes Extract Beverage “Sobolo” in Accra, Ghana

Local Ghanaian beverages such as Sobolo and Lamugin, play a significant cultural, economic, and medicinal role in the daily lives of the population. These traditional drinks are produced using locally sourced ingredients, making them both affordable and accessible. The COVID-19 pandemic further heightened the economic importance of these beverages, as demand surged due to their perceived immune-boosting properties. However, the production of these beverages often occurs in non-sterile environments with minimal regulatory oversight, leading to concerns about microbial contamination. This study aimed to evaluate the microbial quality of Sobolo and Lamugin sold at selected street markets in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Samples were collected from various vendors and analyzed for bacterial and fungal pathogens using standard microbiological techniques. The results revealed significant microbial contamination in many samples, with bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae detected at levels exceeding safe limits. These findings raise serious public health concerns, as the consumption of contaminated beverages could lead to gastrointestinal infections and other health issues. This highlights the urgent need for stricter regulations and improved hygiene practices in the production of local beverages to ensure their safety for consumers. Implementing better regulatory frameworks, regular inspections, and public awareness campaigns could help mitigate the risks associated with these popular drinks, ensuring they remain a safe and cherished part of Ghana’s cultural heritage.

Antibacterial Effect of Waste Liquor of Essence Oil Extraction from Sabina vulgaris Ant in Foods

The antibacterial effects of waste liquor of essence oil extraction from Sabina vulgaris Ant on Escherichia coil, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus magaterium and Bacillus cereus in foods were evaluated by paper disk method. The results showed that the waste liquor of essence oil extraction from S. vulgaris had inhibitory effects on E. coil, S. aureus and Salmonella with bet- ter inhibitory effects on E. coil and Salmonella; the bacteriostatic effect of water steam distillation waste liquor was better than that of water extraction waste liquor. The more times the waste liquor was distilled, the higher the active ingredients content was, and the better the bacteriostatic effect was.

Microbial Assessment of Used Drilling Mud and Mix Cement Fluid for Production Well

Drilling fluids and mud additives are generally acknowledged as potential sources of contamination in deep drilling programs, as they may contain high concentration of nutrients for subsurface microorganisms. Microorganisms introduced into drilling process cause a number of problems that can lead to significant costs for the industry. Numerous studies have shown that biogenic sulfide production in oil and natural gas fields have led to a number of problems, including reservoir plugging, reservoir souring, reduced product quality, and corrosion of metal-containing equipment. The aim of this study is to determine the microbial contamination of water drilling mud and cement Mix fluid at two Saudi Aramco well SA-10 ＆ SA-12 and to adequately perform microbial assessment for the well both wells. Microbiological analyses were conducted to evaluate the level of contamination by TB （total bacterial） and SRB （sulfate reducing bacteria） using and q-PCR （quantitative poly chain reaction） technique. Microbial results for SA-10 indicated that total bacteria were 2.21 × 103/mL for mix fluid sample and 1.22 × 105/mL for drilling water sample. In addition, microbial results for total SRB were 1.65 × 102/mL and 1.34 × 102 mL, respectively. Moreover, microbial results for SA-12 indicated 5.89 × 105/mL of total bacteria and 98/mL of SRB in the sample.