Anti-inflammatory Effect and Mechanism of Characteristic Medicine Baeckea frutescens L. in Guangxi

[Objectives] This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Baeckea frutescence L.in vitro and in vivo.[Methods]The anti-inflammatory activity of B.frutescence was measured by mouse peritoneal capillary permeability test,mouse auricle swelling test and rat cotton granuloma test.The RAW264.7 macrophage model was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and the effects of B.frutescence on tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the relative expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) proteins was detected by Western blot.Thus,the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of B.frutescence was studied.[Results] B.frutescence significantly inhibited mouse peritoneal capillary permeability,inhibited xylene-induced mouse auricle swelling and rat cotton granuloma,significantly inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 levels,and down-regulated the expression of i NOS and COX-2 proteins in cells.[Conclusions]B.frutescence showed good anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo,and the mechanism may be related to the release inhibition of inflammatory factors TNF-α and the regulation of COX-2.

基于网络药理学和UPLC指纹图谱的紫苏质量标志物(Q-Marker)预测

基于UPLC指纹图谱和网络药理学法分析并筛选紫苏潜在质量标志物(Q-Marker)。首先建立15批紫苏叶及14批紫苏梗的指纹图谱,并对不同来源、批次的紫苏叶和紫苏梗中的成分及含量进行比较,标定紫苏不同部位指纹图谱的共有峰和非共有峰;采用网络药理学法构建紫苏“成分-靶点”网络图,并构建靶点蛋白互作网络图,预测紫苏Q-Marker。本研究建立的紫苏不同部位的指纹图谱,共检测到了5种成分,其中迷迭香酸、咖啡酸、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷为叶和梗的共有成分,芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷为紫苏叶特有成分。筛选得到包括MAPK1、PIK3CA等在内的14个核心靶点,对以上靶点进行GO和KEGG功能分析可知涉及肿瘤坏死因子、新冠肺炎、脂质和动脉粥样硬化等通路,最后构建“成分-靶点-通路”网络图,选取排名前4的靶蛋白与4个成分进行分子对接验证,结果显示成分与蛋白之间具有十分良好的结合性能。本实验基于UPLC法建立紫苏不同部位多成分含量测定方法,此方法操作简单、准确度高,可作为紫苏质量检测的参考方法;同时结合网络药理学和分子对接技术预测迷迭香酸、咖啡酸、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷为紫苏潜在质量标志物,以此来评价紫苏“多成分-多靶点-多通路”的协同作用,为紫苏的质量控制提供了理论依据,同时也为后续的紫苏药效物质基础和作用机制提供坚实的基础。

Structurally Diverse Polymethylated Phloroglucinol Meroterpenoids from Baeckea frutescens

Phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract of twigs and leaves of Baeckea frutescens led to the isolation of seven new polymethylated phloroglucinol meroterpenoids(PPMs),named baeckfrutones M-S(1-7).Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analyses,chiral-phase HPLC analysis,and electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations.PPM 1 is a novel meroterpenoid possessing a 6/6/5/3 tetracyclic skeleton in PPMs,whereas 3 and 4 are the first hydroxytasmanone type phloroglucinol-monoterpene hybrids.(+)-2 and 7 displayed potent antiinflammatory activity with IC50 values of 20.86±0.60 and 36.21±1.18 lL,respectively.

Effects of Microwave Blanching Treatment on POD Activity and Crispness in Capsicum frutescens L.

[Objective] To study the effects of microwave blanching treatment on POD activity and crispness in Capsicum frutescens L., and to compare the effects of microwave blanching method, normal blanching method, boiling water blanching and steam blanching. [Methods] In order to obtain the optimal condition for microwave blanching, response surface methodology was used to construct a quadratic regression model describing the effects of microwave power, microwave time and calcium lactate concentration on the POD activity in C. frutescens. [Results] The optimal technology was obtained based on central composite design： 525 W microwave power, 64.5 s microwave time, and 0.08% calcium lactate concentration. Under this condition, POD enzyme activity of C. frutescens was desactivated and crispness of C. frutescens was 68.77 N. [Conclusions] This research would provide references for the crispness protection and enzyme deactivation of C. frutescens.

Effects of Chlorine Dioxide Gas on Postharvest Physiology and Storage Quality of Green Bell Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.var.Longrum)

The effects of treatment of chlorine dioxide （C1Oz） gas on postharvest physiology and preservation quality of green bell peppers were studied. Green bell peppers were collected in bags and treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg L^-1 ClO2 gas at 10±0.5℃ for over 40 d, and the changes in postharvest physiology and preservation quality of the peppers were evaluated during the storage. The inhibition of rot of the peppers was observed for all the tested ClO2 gas treatments. The rot rates of the treated samples were 50% lesser than those of the control after day 40 of storage. The highest inhibitory effect was obtained after 50 mg L^-1 ClO2 gas treatment, where the peppers did not decay until day 30 and showed only one-fourth of the rot rate of the control at day 40 of storage. The respiratory activity of the peppers was significantly （P〈0.05） inhibited by 20 and 50 mg L^-1 ClO2 treatments, whereas no significant effects on respiratory activity were observed with 5 and 10 mg L^-1 ClO2 treatments （P〉0.05）. Except for 50 mg L^-1 ClO2, malondialdenyde （MDA） contents in the peppers treated with 5, 10, or 20 mg L^-1 ClO2 were not significantly （P〉0.05） different from those in the control. Degradation of chlorophyll in the peppers was delayed by 5 mg L-1ClO2, but promoted by 10, 20, or 50 mg L^-1 ClO2. The vitamin C content, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids of the peppers treated by all the tested ClO2 gas did not significantly change during the storage. The results suggested that ClO2 gas treatment effectively delayed the postharvest physiological transformation of green peppers, inhibited decay and respiration, maintained some nutritional and sensory quality, and retarded MDA accumulation.

Effects of Plant Density on the Economic Yield and Agronomic Characters of Perilla frutescens L.

Perilla frutescens L. is a traditional medicinal plant in china. In recent years, with more and more attention is paid to the nutritional and health values of Perilla frutescens L, it has become a potential medicinal and edible crop. Two Per- ilia frutescens cultivars, Qisu No.1 （oil type） and Qisu No.3 （leaf and seed-using type）, bred by Rapeseed Research Institute of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, were used as test material for studying the effects of different planting density on the economic yield and agronomic characters of Perilla frutescens L. under moderate fertility level. The results showed the variation tendency of agro- nomic characters with the change of planting density was similar for the two Perilla frutescens cultivars. Among them, the plant height, main-stem nods, first effective branch length, first effective branch height, spikes per plant, and yield per plant were negatively related to the planting density; and main spike length and main- spike grains were positively related to the planting density. The effects of planting density on kilo-grain weight were not significant. The yield of the two cuitivars all increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting density. The re- gression analysis of planting density versus yield of Perilla frutescens L. was per- formed for obtaining the regression equations （Qisu No.l： y=54.046 5＋96.777 lx- 45.719 8x2, r=0.999 4; Qisu No.3：y=38.717 6＋42.111 3x-16.757 7x2, r=0.999 8）. Based on the regression equations, the optimal planting density for Qisu No.1 was 158 745 plants/hm2 with peak yield of 1 578.90 kg/hm2, and for Qisu No.3 was 188 745 plants/hm2 with peak yield of 977.55 kg/hm2. Under the optimal planting density, Qisu No.3 could also harvest 3 000 kg/hm2 of Perilla frutescens dry leaves and 2 400 kg/hm2 of Perilla frutescens stems. This research would provide an important reference for the promotion, high-yield cultivation and comprehensive utilization of Perilla frutescens L.

Soil Manganese and Iron Released due to Calcium Salts:Bioavailability to Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Releases of manganese and iron ions from an albic soil (Albic-Udic Luvisol), a yellow-red soil (Hap-Udic Ferrisol) and a yellow-brown soil (Arp-Udic Luvisol) induced by calcium salt addition and their bioavailability to pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) were studied in a pot experiment. Addition of Ca(NO3)2 decreased soil pH and increased both exchangeable and DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid)-extractable Mn and Fe in soils. Meanwhile, total Mn accumulation in the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. on the salt-treated soils increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01) compared with the control, suggesting that salt addition to soil induced Mn toxicity in Capsicum frutescens L. Although exchangeable and DTPA-extractable Fe increased also in the salt-treated soils, Fe uptake by the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased. The effect of added salts in soils on dry matter weight of pepper varied with the soil characteristics, showing different buffer capacities of the soils for salt toxicity in an order of yellow-brown soil ＞ albic soil ＞ yellow-red soil. Fe/Mn ratio in shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased with increasing salt addition for all the soils, which was ascribed to the antagonistic effect of Mn on Fe accumulation. The ratio of Fe/Mn in the tissue was a better indicator of the appearance of Mn toxicity symptoms than Mn concentration alone.

不同蒸馏方式对岗松精油得油率与成分的影响

为探索蒸馏工艺对岗松(Baeckea frutescens)精油品质的影响,采用水中蒸馏、水上蒸馏、扩散蒸馏、复蒸蒸馏和同时萃取蒸馏5种蒸馏方式提取岗松枝叶精油,对精油得油率和成分进行分析。结果表明,复蒸蒸馏精油得油率最高。采用复蒸蒸馏获取岗松精油时,设置液料比8∶1,蒸馏2 h,得油率为1.101%;精油中,β-蒎烯、4-松油醇、1,8-桉叶素和芳樟醇含量均符合广西地方标准DB45/T 1064—2014对特征组分的要求。试验结果可为岗松精油工业化生产提供参考。

NaCl胁迫对辣椒种子发芽特性的影响

以绿洲椒霸、日本天鹰椒、新优一号和高产懒椒王4个辣椒品种为材料,研究了NaCl胁迫对辣椒种子发芽特性的影响。结果表明:在低浓度NaCl(30mmol/L)胁迫下,绿洲椒霸、日本天鹰椒、新优一号和高产懒椒王4个辣椒品种的活力指数与对照相比均显著提高,侧根数分别比对照下降了4.7%、29.9%、51.3%、45.0%,绿洲椒霸和高产懒椒王的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和根长显著提高;高浓度NaCl胁迫(≥60mmol/L)对以上4个辣椒品种的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、根长和侧根数均有不同程度的抑制作用,并且随着NaCl浓度的增加,各指标抑制作用逐渐增强,其中日本天鹰椒和新优一号的降幅较小,而绿洲椒霸与高产懒椒王则有较大的降幅。

RP-HPLC用于紫苏油及其习用品白苏油、野苏油的鉴别

本文采用RP－HPLC方法对紫苏油及其习用品白苏油、野苏油甘油酯进行了定性定量分析。利用HPLC分析油脂也为中药材真伪鉴别提供了一条有效途径。

不同颜色全生物降解地膜增温效果及对辣椒产量的影响

为了明确不同颜色全生物可降解地膜对湖北省高山地区辣椒(Capsicum frutescens L.)生长发育的影响,采用田间试验,以不覆膜、白色和黑色聚乙烯地膜为对照,分析了白色和黑色全生物降解地膜的增温作用、降解性能和辣椒产量。结果表明,辣椒生育前期(覆膜后12~33 d)是地膜增温的主要时期,覆膜种植主要提高该时期5 cm土层土壤温度;全生物降解地膜增温效果与聚乙烯地膜相近,白色地膜增温效果优于黑色地膜;全生物降解地膜诱导期在40~54 d,白色地膜降解速度比黑色地膜快,不利于抑制杂草生长;全生物降解地膜未改变辣椒产量高峰期,主要提高第5~8次采摘期辣椒产量。综合考虑保温、抑制杂草、产量等因素,湖北省高山辣椒露天栽培推荐使用厚度为0.01 mm,主要成分为PBAT、PLA的黑色全生物降解地膜。

紫苏的食药价值及栽培历史考证

紫苏是我国传统的药食同源植物,具有悠久的栽培历史和广泛的应用价值。尽管目前已有对紫苏的本草考证,但对其名称演化、食药价值及栽培历史等方面仍然缺乏系统梳理。该研究以历代本草、医籍、农政史料等为基础,考证发现:(1)紫苏常以荏、苏等名收录于典籍,荏指籽用类紫苏,苏指药用类紫苏;(2)古籍中紫苏叶、籽均可用于药膳,紫苏籽油用作食用油脂,其古法压榨工艺有详细记载。(3)紫苏性味辛温,主下气,紫苏叶、梗偏于散,紫苏子偏于收,其药用价值有明确记载。(4)紫苏原产于中国,应用记载可追溯到战国时代,其栽培特性有详细记载。该文系统梳理了荏、苏的区分,并对其在食药及栽培方面的古籍记载进行了综述,可为紫苏作为药食同源大健康产品的开发提供文献依据。

基于SSR分子标记的紫苏种质资源遗传多样性及群体结构分析

为了明确不同紫苏种质的遗传基础和群体的亲缘关系,本研究利用19对SSR分子标记对不同地理来源的141份紫苏资源进行遗传多样性和群体结构分析。结果表明,19对SSR分子标记扩增出80条多态性条带,平均每对引物4.26条,多态性指数(PIC)变幅在0.3311~0.8457之间,平均为0.6206,多态性条带占比85.10%。利用UPGMA法对141份紫苏进行分子聚类,遗传相似系数(GS)介于0.4787~0.9489之间,平均为0.7099,在GS=0.696处将供试材料分为三类。通过Structure群体结构分析,将供试材料分为三大类,其中68.8%的紫苏种质资源遗传背景比较单一,31.2%的资源拥有混合血统,其遗传背景较为复杂。

紫苏叶提取物对小鼠止咳祛痰作用研究

目的探究水提和乙醇提两种不同方法制备的紫苏叶提取物对小鼠止咳祛痰的作用。方法分别采用水和50%乙醇作为溶剂制备紫苏叶提取物。比较各种紫苏叶提取物中总酚、总黄酮、总三萜和总多糖含量的差异;采用浓氨水引咳法和气管酚红排泌量法,观察紫苏叶提取物对小鼠咳嗽潜伏期、咳嗽次数以及气管酚红排泄量。结果紫苏叶50%乙醇提取物中总酚、总黄酮、总三萜含量显著高于水提取物(P<0.01),紫苏叶水提取物中总多糖含量显著高于50%乙醇提取物(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,紫苏叶水提取物可以明显延长小鼠咳嗽潜伏期并显著减少浓氨水引起的咳嗽次数(P<0.01);紫苏叶50%乙醇提取物对小鼠咳嗽潜伏期无显著影响(P>0.05),但可以显著减少小鼠咳嗽次数(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,紫苏叶水提取物可以显著增加气管酚红排泌量(P<0.01);而紫苏叶50%乙醇提取物的酚红排泌量无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论不同溶剂所制备的紫苏叶提取物成分不同。紫苏叶水提取物中多糖成分含量较高,同时具备较好的止咳和祛痰效果;紫苏叶醇提取物成分以酚、黄酮、三萜类化合物为主,具有较好的止咳效果。

Large scale identification of SSR marker in perilla by next generation sequencing

Perilla frutescens (L.) is an edible, medicinal crop, and most popular in East Asia. Its molecular breeding and research are hampered by the paucity of molecular markers. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are ubiquitous and widely used in eukaryotic genomes. EST-SSRs identification of perilla was performed in 116,387 reads generated by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. In total 25,449 unigenes containing SSR and 33,867 SSR loci were identified, and 19,400 primer pairs were designed. Polymorphism of SSR primers was conducted by searching for insertions and deletions (INDELs), and 1,567 unique SSRs were predicted. Totally, 200 SSR primer pairs were selected for polymorphic validation among 23 perilla accessions. Results showed that 175 primer pairs produced amplicons, and 30 pairs exhibited polymorphism. Polymorphic ratio was higher by using INDEL method than using conventional primers. Phylogenetic analysis showed the 2 distinct groups: P. frutescens var. frutescens and P. frutescens var. crispa. Wrinkled leaf trait and seed trait were distinct between these 2 groups. However, no clear leaf color or geographic relationship was detected. The large scale development and identification of SSR marker in this research laid a foundation for genetic analysis and marker assisted breeding of cultivated perilla.

膜下滴灌条件下水氮耦合对辣椒根系生长及产量的影响

为探究膜下滴灌条件下水氮耦合对辣椒(Capsicum frutescens L.)根系及产量的影响,采用大田小区试验,在辣椒开花坐果期和盛果期进行轻度亏缺(W1,3656 m^(3)/hm^(2))和中度亏缺(W2,3082 m^(3)/hm^(2))的调亏灌溉,并设置纯氮施用量325 kg/hm^(2)(N1,高氮)、250 kg/hm^(2)(N2,中氮)、175 kg/hm^(2)(N3,低氮)3个施氮水平,以传统模式(灌水量4230 m^(3)/hm^(2),施氮量325 kg/hm2)为对照(CKN1),研究了不同灌水量和施氮量组合对辣椒根系生长和产量、灌溉水利用效率、氮肥偏生产力的影响。结果表明,灌水量、施氮量及二者的耦合效应对辣椒产量和根系生长、灌溉水利用效率、氮肥偏生产力有显著影响(P<0.05)。W1N2处理辣椒产量最高,为35189 kg/hm^(2),与其他处理相比,增产了4.37%~55.73%,且W1N2处理灌溉水利用效率最高,氮肥偏生产力也较高。辣椒根系生长以CKN1处理最佳,W1N2处理次之,二者无显著差异。灌水量和施氮量与辣椒根系分布参数不存在正相关性,但二者耦合效应越明显,辣椒根系生长越发达。综合得出,灌水量3656 m^(3)/hm^(2)、施氮量250 kg/hm2为北疆地区辣椒种植最佳水氮组合。

紫苏叶黄酮、多酚提取工艺优化及不同品种抗氧化活性比较

紫苏(Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.)是食药两用植物之一,本研究为比较不同品种紫苏叶(‘韩国绿色PF1’,‘中国PF2’,‘韩国紫色PF3’,‘韩国双色PF4’,‘中国双色PF5’)中黄酮和多酚提取量,并探讨其体外抗氧化活性,利用单因素实验和正交试验法优化紫苏叶黄酮和多酚提取工艺。结果表明:最佳工艺参数为乙醇浓度75%、料液比1:80 g/mL、提取时间2 h、提取温度70℃,此提取条件下,黄酮、多酚提取量最高,分别为(16.82±0.60)和(80.42±2.66) mg/g。不同品种紫苏叶中,PF3的多酚提取量最高(17.77±0.29) mg/g,PF5黄酮提取量最高(80.42±2.66) mg/g。抗氧化活性结果表明,不同品种紫苏叶均具有良好的抗氧化活性,其中PF5的ABTS^(+)自由基清除率(IC_(50) 150.31±2.46μg/mL)、DPPH自由基清除能力(IC_(50) 88.04±3.61μg/mL)及总还原能力最强(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,多酚提取量与ABTS+自由基清除率、总还原力呈显著相关(P<0.05),黄酮提取量与DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS^(+)自由基清除率显著相关(P<0.05),与总还原力极显著相关(P<0.01)。本研究为不同品种紫苏叶资源的开发利用提供了一定的理论依据。

响应面法优化兔肉紫苏脱腥工艺

以兔肉的硫代巴比妥酸值(TBARS)为响应值,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化紫苏脱除兔肉腥味工艺。结果表明:紫苏脱除兔肉腥味的最优工艺为脱腥温度26.5℃、脱腥时间60 min、紫苏汁体积分数4%,在此条件下兔肉的TBARS为(0.033±0.003)mg/kg。

益生菌混合发酵紫苏苹果浊汁工艺的研究

以苹果和紫苏为原料通过益生菌混合发酵制备紫苏苹果浊汁。以感官评分为指标,在单因素试验的基础上通过Plackett-Burman试验和响应面法优化发酵制备工艺条件。结果表明:最佳制备工艺条件为以苹果浊汁质量为基准,低聚果糖添加量7%、益生菌接种量1%、紫苏提取液添加量5.0%、凝结芽孢杆菌和发酵乳杆菌体积比2∶1、发酵温度37℃、发酵时间11 h。在此条件下,益生菌混合发酵紫苏苹果浊汁呈现淡红色,口感酸甜,具有苹果的清香味,感官评分为8.65。

高寒阴湿区紫苏引种评价

目的:对不同品种、变种或生态型紫苏(广西回回苏、甘肃紫苏、贵州遵义紫苏、河北油苏、云南宣威紫苏和冀苏一号)在高寒阴湿区的生长状况、质量等进行综合评价。方法:通过田间调查和实验室测定相结合的方法,观察记载紫苏的外观形态、生长发育规律,研究紫苏不同采收期、不同采收部位的有效成分含量。结果:在高寒阴湿区引种的6种紫苏,均主茎明显,多侧枝,茎四棱,中间凹槽明显,但叶片颜色和叶型却不尽相同。由于高寒阴湿区特殊的气候,只有甘肃紫苏、河北油苏和冀苏一号开花结籽,河北油苏种子灰白色,甘肃紫苏和冀苏一号种子灰褐色。9月份采收的广西回回苏的紫苏叶挥发油含量最高(1.97%),9月上旬采收的贵州遵义紫苏的紫苏梗迷迭香酸含量最高(0.72%);紫苏子以10月上旬采收的甘肃紫苏迷迭香酸含量最高(0.39%)。结论:高寒阴湿区种植紫苏的植株形态与原产地基本一致,甘肃紫苏、河北油苏和冀苏一号在高寒阴湿区可以完成全生育周期,广西回回苏的紫苏叶挥发油含量最高,贵州遵义紫苏的紫苏梗迷迭香酸含量最高。