α-Glucosidase inhibitive diarylheptanoids from Ottelia acuminata var.acuminata,a traditional vegetable of Bai Nationality in Yunnan

Diabetes is an urgent health issue characterized by ethnic and regional variations,and is inseparable from the differ-ent dietary habits.It is worthy to note that the incidence of diabetes in Bai nationality has been reported to be much lower than Han in China.As a daily vegetable of Bai,the phytochemical and antidiabetic study of Ottelia acuminata var.acuminata had not been carried out.In this study,41 metabolites with diverse diarylheptanoid(six new ones,Otteacumienes A-F),flavone,sesquiterpenoid,coumarin,lignan,polyacetylene,and alkaloid skeletons were charac-terized from O.acuminata var.acuminata.Among them,the racemic nature of 3 was characterized by chiral resolution and calculated ECD methods.The biological study revealed diarylheptanoids showed significantα-glucosidase inhibi-tory activities with 5 as the most effective one(60-fold stronger than acarbose).Molecular docking studies indicated that these structures have different binding cavities with acarbose.This study demonstrated that O.acuminata var.acuminata might correlated with the low incidence diabetes of Bai and the diarylheptanoids may have potential therapeutic value for diabetes mellitus.

Exploration of the Inheritance and Innovation Carrier of National Culture in the Teaching Model of Art Design Major in Higher Vocational Colleges:Integrating Lijiang Baisha Murals into Higher Vocational Art Design Curriculum System

This study aims to further promote the inheritance and innovative development of intangible cultural heritage in Yunnan Province,promote the protection,inheritance,integration,and innovation of ethnic culture in Lijiang,strengthen the protection and inheritance of Baisha murals in Lijiang,and change the teaching of art design majors in vocational colleges in Yunnan.Given the lack of traditional Chinese culture and local ethnic culture,this article focuses on the teaching of art design majors in Yunnan vocational colleges.It explores the construction model of the cultural inheritance and innovation carrier of Lijiang Baisha murals to meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the local people,and efforts will be made to promote the high-quality development of the Baisha ethnic area in Lijiang.

Research on Development Mode and Strategies of Capitalization of Baise National Culture in China——A Case Study of Napo Black Cloth Zhuang

The paper had illustrated fruitful achievements Baise had gained in these years in terms of capitalization operation and capital increase of national culture,and generally analyzed deficiencies in capitalization of Baise national culture.It emphasized that utilization,integration and development of national cultural resources were not enough in intensity;capitalized degree of national culture was low and national cultural products were simple and low in level.Finally,the new mode was proposed to integrate national cultural resources,activate inner vitality of national cultural capital and renovate capitalization of national culture.

Sociological Thoughts on Ming Bai Documents：A Case Study of Grass-roots Management＇s Creativity in Miao Nationality Areas,Leishan and Danzhai County,Guizhou Province

Valid as folk law,Ming Bai document is the code of conduct for the villagers,which is applied in Danjiang T own,Langde T own and Wangfeng T ownship in Leishan county,Qiandongnan Miao and Dong autonomous prefecture in Guizhou province.It refers to comprehensive administration,safety construction,safety production,fire fighting,traffic safety,prohibition of opium,fire protection of forest,family plan,and traditional festival etc. Mostly they are posted on the conspicuous wooden buildings and bricks wall of villages,Ming Bai document plays an irreplaceable role in adjusting local social relations. Moreover,its legal culture and the value of legal sociology are worthy of having a discussion and research.

The Translation of Metonymy in Li Bai's Poems from a Cognitive Linguistic Perspective

Metonymy is not only regarded as a figure of speech,but also an important cognitive instrument of human beings.There are many types of metonymies in Li Bai's poems.Metonymy can make the language vivid and reflect poet's mode of knowing and thinking about the world.This paper proposes five strategies for translation of metonymy in Li Bai's poems from the perspective of cognitive linguis tics.

Study on Landscape Features of Bai People'sTraditional Mountainous Villages in Dali

In view of the vast mountainous areas and abundant mountainous settlement resources of Dali Bai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, the authors proposed the significance and necessity of studying landscape features of traditional mountainous settlements of the Bai Nationality by considering policy requirements of "protection system planning of famous historic and cultural cities, towns, villages and blocks in Yunnan Province" and "construction of mountainous towns". On the basis of investigating traditional mountainous settlements of the Bai Nationality in Dali, 5 typical settlements were analyzed from the perspectives of landscape structure, village layout, landscape element, landscape materials and decorative art. And characteristics of traditional mountainous settlements of the Bai Nationality were summarized as "following the nature, adaptive to actual terrains, multidimensional, human-nature oneness".

Research on Hepatitis B virus Genotypes and Subgenotypes among Bai Nationality in Dali, Yunnan Province

To investigate the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and subgenotypes among the Bai nationality in Dali, a total of 100 serum samples from patients with chronic HBV-infection were collected for the detection of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes by genotype-specific primers and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RLFP), respectively. Among the 100 samples, the proportions of genotype B, C and mixed genotype (B+C) were 41%, 25% and 34%, respectively. All the genotype B strains belonged to subgenotype Ba. In genotype C, 84% were Subgenotype Cs and 12% were subgenotype Ce. The distribution of genotypes B, C and B+C showed no significant difference between male and female patients (P=0.182) and among the age groups of patients (P=0.812). The rates of HBeAg/HBeAg positivity were no significantly different among genotypes B, genotype C and mixed genotype (B+C) (P=0.077/P=0.663). In Dali, genotypes B, B+C and C existed among Bai nationality with chronic HBV-infection, and genotype B was the major genotype. Subgenotypes Ba and Cs were the predominant strains in patients with HBV genotype B/C infection. The most prominent characteristic was the higher prevalent rate of mixed genotype (B+C) in patients.

Efficacy of compound Bai Yu San in treating diabetic skin ulcer

Objective:To assess the efficacy of compound Bai Yu San(CBYS)as a new treatment option,in healing diabetic skin ulcer.Materials and Methods:A total of 64 diabetic patients with skin ulcer were enrolled and randomly assigned to experimental group(n=33)and control group(n=31).In the control group,normal saline(NS)was used to cleanse the wound.After debridement,the wound was dressed with modern materials.In the experimental group,the NS‑cleansed wound was dressed with CBYS.The infection rate,healing rate,treatment cost,and patient satisfaction between the two groups were compared.Results:On the 35th day after treatment,the infection rate and healing rate showed no between‑group difference(P>0.05);the experimental group showed lower treatment cost and higher satisfaction than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:As a new treatment option for diabetes‑induced skin ulcer,CBYS can effectively control the infection,promote the healing,reduce treatment cost,and increase patient satisfaction.Dressing with CBYS can be clinically replicated in the treatment of diabetic skin ulcer.

A Comparative Study of Scarlett and Bai Liusu from a Feminist Perspective

Scarlett and Bai Liusu,the protagonists of American literary classic Gone with the Wind and Chinese modern literary work Love in a Fallen City,are two distinct women images in the history of world literature.Their female consciousness can be discovered throughout both works.This paper attempts to make a comparative study between the two heroines,by analyzing their female consciousness which is primarily expressed in the pursuit of love,money and independence,as well as their personalities and destiny.The study discovers that although Scarlett and Bai Liusu experience similar awakening process,their endings are different.The democratic Western culture allows Scarlett to grow up into a rebellious new woman;by contrast,thousands of years of Chinese feudal society decide that Bai Liusu’s female consciousness is not thorough enough.

Protective Effects of Jin Bai Mei Yan Prescription on Oxidative Damage and Photoaging Induced by Ultraviolet B in HaCaT Cells

Objective Ultraviolet B(UVB)mainly acts on the skin epidermis,causing oxidative damage and apoptosis of keratinocytes.Jin Bai Mei Yan Prescription(JBMYP)comprises a variety of antioxidant traditional Chinese medicines(TCM).In this study,we aimed to evaluate the effects of JBMYP on the oxidative damage induced by UVB in human immortalized epidermal keratinocytes(HaCaT)cells.Methods HaCaT cells were divided into six groups:control group,model(UVB)group,positive(UVB+vitamin E)group,UVB+JBMYP low dose group(160μg/mL),UVB+JBMYP moderate dose group(800μg/mL),and UVB+JBMYP high dose group(1600μg/mL).HaCaT cells were irradiated with UVB and treated with JBMYP for 24 h.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay and real-time unlabeled cell function analyzer were used to assess the cell survival and proliferation rates,respectively.At the same time,the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),lipid peroxide malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),and hydroxyproline(HYP),as well as the activities of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)were evaluated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Compared with the model group,the survival rate of HaCaT cells in each dosage group of JBMYP was significantly improved(P<0.05).Further,JBMYP could promote the proliferation of HaCaT cells,leading to a reduction in the contents of MDA and ROS,and increase in the contents of SOD,CAT,GSH and HYP in HaCaT cells.Conclusions JBMYP has enhanced protective effect on oxidative damage induced by UVB in HaCaT cells.

Inspiration and Genius: Characteristics of Li Bai’s Wine Poems

As important in Chinese literary history as Shakespeare is to people in Britain,Li Bai (courtesy name Taibai) has its poems widely recognized and studied by many scholars.Among his abundant and brilliant poetic works,wine poems stand out as an individual school?with peculiar characteristics.Acclaimed as Shi Xian (the immortal of poems) and Jiu Xian (the immortal of wine),and accompanied by poems and wine all his life,Li Bai is a genius and a romantic figure who took traditional Chinese poetic forms to new heights.His wine poems enjoy extraordinary status in Chinese poetry and wine literature,covering themes including his political ideal,fleeting melancholy due to unfulfilled ambitions,optimistic attitude towards life,sincere and profound friendship,courageous chivalry and dissatisfaction with social reality,all of which have strike a chord with the literati class.

Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Objectives The association of methylenetetrahy-drofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene polymorphism and serum lipid profiles is still controversial in diverse ethnics.Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. The aim of the present study was to eveluate the association of MTHFR C677Tpolymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 780 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 686 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the MTHFR C677T was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), apolipoprotein(Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P【0.05-0.001).The frequency of C and T alleles was 77.4%and 22.6%in Bai Ku Yao,and 60.9%and 39.1%in Han(P【0.001);respectively.The frequency of CC,CT and TT genotypes was 58.7%,37.3%and 4.0%in Bai Ku Yao,and 32.6%,56.4%and 11.0%in Han(P【 0.001);respectively.The levels of TC and LDL-C in both ethnic groups were significant differences among the three genotypes(P【0.05-0.01).The T allele carriers had higher serum TC and LDL-C levels than the T allele noncarriers. The levels of ApoB in Han were significant differences among the three genotypes(P【0.05).The T allele carriers had higher serum ApoB levels as compared with the T allele noncarriers. The levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in Bai Ku Yao were correlated with genotypes(P【0.05-0.001),whereas the levels of LDL-C in Han were associated with genotypes(P【 0.001).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex, age,body massindex,alcohol consumption,cigarette smoking, and blood pressure in the both ethnic groups.Conclusions The differences in serum TC,TG,LDL-C and ApoB levels between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different genotypic and allelic frequencies of the MTHFR C677Tor differentMTHFR gene-enviromental interactions.

Network Pharmacology-based Analysis of the Mechanism of Action of the Herb Pair Chai Hu-Bai Shao

Objective To analyze the mechanism of action and compatibility of the active compounds of the traditional herb pair Bupleuri Radix(Chai Hu,CH,柴胡)-Paeoniae Radix Alba(Bai Shao,BS,白芍).Methods All chemical compounds related to CH and BS were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database(TCMID),Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Batman-TCM),Traditional Chinese Medicine Database@Taiwan(TCM Database@Taiwan),and the literature.Relevant compounds were screened for oral bioavailability(OB),drug-likeness(DL),and the Caco-2 cell model.The Uniprot,Genecard,and CTD databases were used to obtain information on potential targets and diseases of associated compounds.Based on this,Cytoscape 3.2.1 software,GO enrichment analysis,and KEGG pathway enrichment were used to analyze the potential mechanism of action and pathways of the CH-BS drug combination.Results A total of 23 active compounds of CH and BS were indentified after meeting specific criteria by network pharmacology,showing 79 predicted targets of active compounds.Among them,all targets were associated with 344 diseases,and the compounds in CH and BS were connected to 94 pathways and biological,such as calcium signaling pathway,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and TNF signaling pathway.Conclusions Our results preliminarily validated the main compounds in CH-BS herb pair interacted with multiple targets in different diseases,and the molecular mechanism of these compounds involves multiple pathways,thereby establishing a good foundation for further studies.

The Effect of Sheng Bai Solution on Irradiated Mice Bone Marrow Cell Division Index and DNA Content

Before and after general irradiation with 60Co-γ, mice were orally given Sheng Bai Solution (SBS) for one week. SBS alleviated the irradiation-induced reduction of bone marrow cell chromosome division index. The irradiation-induced decrease of marrow DNA amount, thymic and splenic fractions, and total leukocyte number were restored to some extent. SBS also helped to ameliorate general condition of patients.

EFFECTS OF BU GU ZHI(PSORALEA CORYLIFOLIA L) AND BAI ZHI(DAHURIAN ANGELICA ROOT) EXTRACTS ON MELANOCYTE ADHESION AND MIGRATION

Objective To find direct effect of Chinese herbs Bu Gu Zhi (Psoralea corylifolia L) and Bai Zhi (Dahurian angelica root) Extracts on melanocyte adhesion and migration in vitro. Methods Ethanol extracts obtained from two kind of Chinese medicinable herbs were tested. Human melanocytes were obtained from neonatal foreskins and 48-well culture dish covered with fibronectin were used to perform melanocyte adhesion assay; Motility was assessed using the micropore filter method. Results: The extracts of Bu Gu Zhi(Psoralea corylifolia L), Bai Zhi(Dahurian angelica root) obviously showed an effect in increasing of human melanocyte adhesion and migration on fibronectin. Conclusion It is suggested that Buguzhi(Fructus Psoraleae) and Baizhi(Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) might induce melanocyte adhesion and/or migration in the treatment of vitiligo.

Analysis on the Space and Architecture of the Bai Settlement in Erhai Area Under the Influence of Han Culture

The influence of the Han culture on the Bai culture in Dali is the greatest and the most profound during the course of the historical development of China for thousands of years. The blending of the Han culture and the Bai culture is a distinctive feature the Bai culture, which is obviously seen in the location and layout as well as the composition and structure of the settlement and architecture of the Bai nationality in the Erhai area of Dali. Additionally, the Bai nationality in Erhai area conformed to nature and adopted nature to create the unique culture and settlement landscape based on the absorption of the cultural thoughts such as the golden mean, respect for seniority and the harmony between man and nature, as well as the advanced skills of the Han nationality. This paper further emphasized the characteristics and laws of Bai culture through the analysis of the Han culture elements in the space and architecture of the Bai settlement in the Erhai area of Dali. It is hoped that this study can provide references for the protection and development of the Bai settlement.

Spatial variations of Pb in the vertical zone of the soil-plant system in the Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve

The characteristics of vertical and horizontal variations of lead element(Pb) in soil plant system of vertical zone in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve(CNNR) were studied. The results showed that Pb concentrations in soils of vertical zone are all above 25 mg/kg, and the average Pb concentration of each soil zone negatively correlates its degree of variation, i.e. brown coniferous forest soil zone has the lowest average Pb concentration of four soil zones, and the highest horizontal variation; however, mountain soddy forest soil has the highest average Pb concentration, and the lowest horizontal variation; the average concentration of plant Pb of each plant zone is lower than the worldwide average level of Pb in plant(Clarke), respectively, and plant Pb content order is consistent with soil Pb content order, but their horizontal variations are different from those in soil zones, the variation of mountain tundra forest zone is highest, but Betula ermanii forest zone the lowest. Vertical variation of plant Pb is obviously higher than that in soils with variation coefficient of 89.76%; the enrichment capability of plant for Pb is depended on the plant types and the different organs of plant; parent material and parent rock, pH values, soil organic matter and soil particle fraction etc. are the main factors influencing variations of Pb content in soil plant system of vertical zone in CNNR.

The influence of intestine-based treatment using Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang on the concentration of trace elements in the main organs of COPD rats

Objective:To test two theories from traditional Chinese medicine:'exterior -interior relationship between the lung and large intestine' and 'treating from the intestine principle for lung disorders'.The influence of intestine-based treatment using Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang (XBCQT) on the concentration of three trace elements-copper (Cu),zinc (Zn),and manganese (Mn)-was observed in the tissues of the lung,small intestine,large intestine,and stomach of rats suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided randomly and equally into five groups:control;model;Fei treatment (A);Chang treatment (B);and Fei-Chang treatment (C).A rat model of COPD was prepared by tracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide plus exposure to cigarette smoke.Treatments with medicinal herbs started day-22 of administration and exposure to cigarette smoke for 7 days.The control group and model group were administered physiologic (0.9%) saline solution via the stomach.After 7 days of intervention,the tissues of the lung,small intestine,large intestine,and stomach were removed.Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy was used to detect the levels of Cu,Zn,and Mn in those tissues.Results:Compared with the control group,the Cu concentration in the tissues of the small intestine,large intestine,and stomach increased significantly in the model group (P <.05);the Mn concentration in the tissues of the lung,large intestine,and stomach increased significantly in the model group (P <.05);the Zn concentration in the tissues of the lung and large intestine decreased significantly in the model group (P <.05).In comparison of the model group:the Cu concentration in the tissues of the lung and large intestine decreased significantly in the B group (P <.05);the Mn concentration in the tissues of the lung,small intestine,and large intestine decreased significantly in the B group (P <.05);the Zn concentration in the tissues of the lung,small intestine,and large intestine increased significantly in the B group (P <.05).For the A group versus C group comparison,the Zn concentration in the tissues of the small intestine and stomach increased significantly in the latter (P <.05).Conclusion:This study showed that 'treating from the intestine' using Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang and its modified formulae can regulate the concentration of trace elements in the main organs of COPD rats.This may be one of the mechanisms for intestine-based treatment for COPD.

The Choice of Jurisprudence and Human Relationship——On the Tragic Implication and Aesthetic Value of the Kunqu Opera Bai Luo Shan

Bai Luo Shan(白罗衫)is called“Hamlet”in Chinese opera.Bai Luo Shan was originally a legend written by anonymous people in the Ming Dynasty.It is based on the novel Warning the World·Su Zhi Xian Luo Shan Zai He(警世通言·苏知县罗衫再合),Which tells the story of Sun Yun,which occupies a place in the history of opera and performance.Since the Tang Dynasty,the story of Bai Luo Shan has been widely known among the people,and it has been adpated into a script by a variety of operas.Among them,the Kunqu Opera version of Bai Luo Shan dealing with the protagonist’s dilemma in the face of jurispudence and human relationship shows the contradiction of human nature,strengthens the tragic meaning of the theme,and embodies the unique aesthetic value.

Professor Yanping Bai’s experience in treating alopecia areata

To summarize and analyze Professor Bai Yanping’s clinical experience in treating alopecia areata.Prof.Bai thinks the etiology of alopecia areata is a combination of liver-kidney depletion,qi and blood deficiency,qi stagnation and blood stasis,always along with wind-heat,damp-heat,blood heat and insomnia.It is indispensable to enrich and nourish the liver and kidney,supplement and nourish the qi and blood,invigorate blood and dissolve stasis,and at the same time,the usage of messenger drug and plum-blossom needle is important and formula has to vary from person to person on the basis of commonality.