Improved Algorithm for Efficient Extraction of Relaxation Parameter Values from Wideband Permittivity of Baijiu

The complex permittivity of baijiu varies with frequency,and dielectric spectroscopy has been used to evaluate the quality.To simplify the analysis and reduce the number of the parameters,a dielectric relaxation model is often used to fit the permittivity data.However,existing fitting methods such as the least squares and particle swarm optimization methods are often computationally complex and require preset initial values.Therefore,a simpler calculation method of the relaxation parameters considering the geometric characteristics of the permittivity spectrum is proposed.It is based on the relationship between the Cole-Cole relaxation parameters and the Cole-Cole diagram,which is fitted by a geometric method.First,the concepts of the Cole-Cole parameters and the diagram are introduced,and then the process of obtaining the parameters from the complex permittivity measurement data is explained.Taking baijiu with 56%alcohol by volume(ABV)as an example,the fitting is better than the least squares method and similar to the particle swarm optimization.This method is then used for the parameter fitting of baijiu with ABV of 42-52%,and the average error is less than 1%,demonstrating its wider applicability.Finally,a prediction model is used for baijiu with 53%ABV,and the error is only 1.51%.Hence,the method can be applied to the measurement of ABV of baijiu.

扣囊复膜酵母麸曲制备及其在小曲白酒中的应用

为提高小曲白酒中乙酸乙酯的含量,以大曲中分离的一株产酯能力较强的扣囊复膜酵母M1为出发菌株,将其制备为麸曲(M1麸曲)并用于小曲白酒酿造,分析M1麸曲强化发酵对小曲白酒挥发性风味组分的影响。结果表明:M1麸曲最佳培养条件为:水分质量分数40%、培养温度28℃、麸皮初始酸度6 mmol/100 g、培养时间48 h;酿造实验结果显示,添加M1麸曲显著提高了实验组(K组)乙酸和乙酸乙酯的含量(P<0.05),极显著降低了异丁醇和异戊醇的含量(P<0.01);通过对微生物群落结构的分析表明,对照组和K组酒醅的微生物群落演替规律存在差异,K组扣囊复膜酵母属和魏斯氏菌属相对丰度增加;同时通过PICRUSt2功能预测分析,验证了K组参与乙酸和乙酸乙酯代谢的酶丰度更高。通过麸曲为介质将扣囊复膜酵母M1应用到小曲发酵可有效提高小曲白酒乙酸乙酯的含量,对提高小曲白酒质量具有一定参考意义。

Characterization and comparison of the aroma-active compounds on different grades of sesame-flavor Baijiu by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry

This study investigated the aroma-active compounds and compared the differences of three different grades of sesame-flavor Baijiu by headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)coupled with gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry(GC-O-MS).A total of 54 aroma-active compounds were detected.Principal component analysis showed that JZ1,JZ2,and JZ3 were well separated from each other.JZ1 as the premium-grade Baijiu had the highest aroma intensities,concentrations.According to aroma intensities and concentrations,dimethyl trisulfide,butanoic acid,phenylacetaldehyde,2-furylmethanethiol,ethyl hexanoate,2,6-dimethylpyrazine,etc.could be potentially applied as volatile makers to distinguish the three different grades of sesame-flavor Baijiu as their significant difference(P<0.05)in three Baijiu samples.Roasted aroma had the significant difference(P<0.05)in three sample base on aroma profiles.Meanwhile,2-furylmethanethiol,2,6-dimethylpyrazine were related to the roasted aroma,they may be had a significant contribution to the differences of three different grades of sesame-flavor Baijiu.This study has provided a comprehensive understanding of the differences of three different grades of sesame-flavor Baijiu.

Wine,beer and Chinese Baijiu in relation to cardiovascular health:the impact of moderate drinking

Excessive alcohol consumption(≥15 drinks per week)causes chronic diseases and multiple other health conditions.Nevertheless,alcohol beverages have been used as a vital medicine ingredient in various cultures since ancient times.A wealth of epidemiological and experimental research has shown that light-moderate alcohol consumption,regardless of beverage type,is associated with reducing cardiovascular incidence and mortality rate.Due to the disparities in raw materials,fermentation techniques,production environment,etc.,alcoholic beverages tend to possess different non-ethanol component profiles,thus resulting in varying degrees of health effects.Furthermore,bioactive compounds in alcohol are continuously discovered as well as the mechanisms underlying their cardioprotective contributions at a molecular level.This article elucidates the epidemiology of moderate alcohol consumption and various cardiovascular conditions,along with the limitations and controversies of current studies.In addition,protective effects and putative mechanisms of both ethanol and non-ethanol components of wine,beer,and Chinese Baijiu,the three most representative alcoholic beverages worldwide,are to be evaluated within the context of a rational drinking pattern.

Characterization of terpenoids and norisoprenoids from base and retail Qingke Baijiu by GC×GC-TOFMS and multivariate statistical analysis

Qingke(highland barley)Baijiu is a special Chinese Baijiu which is mainly produced from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Since the pine board is used as the bottom of the fermentation pit,we deduced that the terpenoids and norisoprenoids in pine board might be introduced into Qingke Baijiu.Thus,the terpenoids and norisoprenoids in Qingke Baijiu were investigated by headspace solid phase microextraction(HS-SPME)combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS).The results showed thatγ-terpinene(0.70-530.72μg/L),α-phellandrene(0.34-256.66μg/L),longicyclene(0-38.55μg/L),α-pinene(1.21-35.54μg/L)and limonene(0.93-23.69μg/L)were the top 5 terpenoids/norisoprenoids in Qingke Baijiu.Pulegone was detected and reported for the first time in Baijiu,and the concentrations in Qingke Baijiu were 0.78μg/L(fresh)and 3.90μg/L(7 years old).According to the principal component analysis(PCA)plot,young,aged,and retail Qingke Baijiu could be differentiated clearly.Fold change(FC)and t-tests analysis indicated thatβ-pinene,γ-terpinene,andα-selinene were the most different terpenoids/norisoprenoids between young and aged Qingke Baijiu,and longifolene was the most different terpenoids/norisoprenoids between base and retail Qingke Baijiu.The terpenoids and norisoprenoids,such as(E)-β-ionone,isoborneol andβ-cyclocitral,could be potential markers indicating the ageing process of Qingke Baijiu.

The protective effects of peptides from Chinese baijiu on AAPH-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells via Nrf2 signaling pathway

Antioxidant peptides have been widely reported.However,only a few reports have been published examining the antioxidant peptides derived from Chinese baijiu.In this study,6 novel peptides derived from Chinese baijiu were identified successfully using high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupoletime-of-flight mass spectrometry(HPLC-QTOF-MS)with a concentration of 0.835–24.540μg/L.The underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated,and their cytoprotective effects were examined against 2,2’-azobis(2-methylpropanimidamidine)dihydrochloride(AAPH)-induced oxidative stress in Hep G2 cells.The results showed that these peptides exerted protective effects by suppressing reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,preventing malondialdehyde(MDA)formation,and upregulating cellular antioxidant enzyme activities(SOD,CAT,and GSH-Px)in a dose-dependent manner.Further experiments proved that these peptides exerted antioxidant effects via Nrf2/ARE-mediated signaling pathway by promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation,inhibiting ubiquitination,and enhancing transcription capacity of Nrf2 in Hep G2 cells.These findings provide the molecular basis for the effects of antioxidant peptides derived from Chinese baijiu,which is important for a deeper understanding of the relationship between human health and moderate drinking.

Chromatograph Skeleton Components of Feng-flavor Baijiu during Different Production Stages

Production of Feng-flavor baijiu includes six stages(first fermented stage,second fermented stage,third fermented stage,normal fermented stage and quitting fermented stage,ending of fermented stage).Each stage of the base liquor has its own style.The main chromatogram structure components were analyzed by gas chromatography(GC),to explore the characteristics of base baijiu during different production stages,which can provide a reference for classification storage and body design of baijiu.

Brands,Branding and Regional Cluster Development:The Emerging Economic Geographies of the Chinese Baijiu Industry

This paper investigates the vigorous economy of the Chinese Baijiu(a traditional liquor) with regard to the specific brands,their production and consumption and marketing,intersected with provincial and regional identities.The paper explores the ecological,cultural,social and political forces favoring or obstructing the Baijiu products’ branding across various provinces and regions.The Baijiu production largely falls into four categories,and clusters around seven distinct areas within the Upper Yangtze River Baijiu Agglomeration.These industrial areas have distinct development trajectories and branding strategies,impacted by factors such as environment,culture,brand identity and regional policy.The paper suggests that further work be done to gather research,to further strategize the branding,and to integrate the Chinese regional clusters into global value chains and global development.

Identifi cation and characterization of a novel tetrapeptide from enzymatic hydrolysates of Baijiu byproduct

In order to prepare angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptides,distilled spent grains of Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu were hydrolyzed by alcalase followed by papain under optimized conditions.A superior ACE inhibitory peptide was separated and purifi ed by ultrafi ltration and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and its amino acid sequence was further identified as Gln-Gly-Val-Pro(QGVP)by electrospray mass spectrometry(ESI-MS).QGVP formed 6 hydrogen bonds with the active site of ACE,which is responsible for reducingα-helix structure content of ACE causing subsequent inactivation.M oreover,it showed no significant cytotoxicity toward human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),a nd signifi cantly i nduced phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(p-e NOS)and decreased endothelin 1(END1)expression in angiotensin I(Ang I)-treated HUVECs,demonstrating the potential antihypertensive effect.The peptide QGVP hydrolyzed from distilled spent grain proteins of Chinese strong-fl avor Baijiu was expected to be used as a food ingredient to prevent or co-treat hypertension with other chemical drugs.

发酵白酒糟的营养价值及其在动物生产中应用的研究进展

白酒糟是酿酒产业的副产品,是一种优质的粗饲料资源。白酒糟经微生物发酵后,能改善白酒糟营养特性,提高饲用价值,进而提高白酒糟的利用率。本文综述了发酵白酒糟的营养价值、发酵工艺及对动物生长、免疫、肠道健康的影响,旨在为饲用豆粕减量替代行动的深入实施提供参考。

白酒中风味成分的检测分析技术研究进展

白酒历史悠久,是中国的国酒。白酒中的风味成分虽然含量较低,但其类别、组成及比例对产品口感、风味及香气极为重要。近年来,对风味成分的研究已成为白酒领域的热点,本文综述了白酒风味成分检测分析方面的研究进展,介绍了风味成分检测前处理技术与分析方法,总结了各大香型白酒中的风味挖掘及分析的最新成果,探讨了研究中存在的局限与不足,并展望了未来技术发展的方向和趋势。

白酒酿造微生物酯化酶的研究进展

酯化酶是一类具有催化酯类物质合成活性的酶类。广义上的酯化酶被广泛应用于食品,化工,医药、军工及环保等领域中。白酒酿造微生物酯酶在白酒发酵生香过程中具有重要作用,其代谢产生的乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯和己酸乙酯等酯类物质是中国白酒最为重要的风味物质。因此,深入研究中国白酒酿酒微生物酯化酶,对提高白酒优质品率、提升酿酒原料利用率具有重要意义。从微生物酯化酶的来源、特性、分子进化以及在白酒酿造中的应用进行了综述,旨在为中国白酒微生物资源的深入研究和发掘提供一定的思路。

木质素降解菌的筛选及其对酒糟的预处理研究

为解决生物质炼制过程中木质素的生物抗性,本研究筛选出一株木质素降解菌,用其对酒糟进行预处理,并使用傅里叶红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、Zeta电位与纳米粒度仪、低场核磁共振分析仪和热重分析仪对预处理前后酒糟的微观结构与理化性质进行表征。结果表明:这株木质素降解菌是栓菌属,将其命名为Trametes sp.SCU31(T.sp.SCU31)。T.sp.SCU31能够高效降解酒糟中的木质素,可使酒糟中33.86%酸不溶木质素与50.88%酸溶木质素发生降解。经T.sp.SCU31预处理后的酒糟表面布满孔洞与碎片,更多的纤维束暴露出来,显著增加了纤维素酶的可及性,这些结果表明T.sp.SCU31预处理能够高效降解木质素,破坏木质纤维的抗性。

价键原子指数用于酱香型习酒香气成分保留性质研究

酱香型习酒是一种风味极其独特的酱香型白酒,具有风味醇厚、幽雅细腻和回味悠长的香气,香气成分繁多而复杂.为探究酱香型白酒的主要挥发性物质的组成及香气风味成分的差异,研究建构酱香型习酒香气成分保留指数的定量结构-保留相关性模型,根据酱香型习酒香气成分分子中原子的空间与电性结构,基于拓扑理论,提出了一种新的结构参数-价键原子指数~mA.另计算了酱香型习酒香气成分的电拓扑状态指数(Em),优化筛选了指数中的~0A、E_(1)、E_(2)、E_(14),将4种结构参数作为神经网络三层结构的输入节点数,色谱保留指数作为三层结构的输出节点数,网络结构采用4-12-1方式.建立的预测香气成分保留指数模型的相关系数达到0.9965,计算得到的酱香型习酒香气成分保留指数RI预测值的平均相对误差为1.41%.结果表明,酱香型习酒挥发性香气成分的保留指数,与价键原子指数和电拓扑状态指数之间具有很好的非线性关系,非氢原子结构及—CH_(3)、>CH_(2)、—O—等基团,是影响酱香型习酒香气成分保留指数的主要因素.

手绘插画在青春白酒包装设计中的应用研究

开发年轻消费群体市场已经成为新时期很多大型酒企的战略目标。青春白酒是树立品牌年轻化的重要策略,而插画艺术的视觉语言鲜明、艺术形态新颖,与青春白酒类品牌结合,有利于活力的体现和情感的传递,也更能有效与市场上的同类产品产生差异,形成自己的风格。文章以现代造型观念和插画表现形式进行白酒包装的创新,以年轻一代的审美导向作为主要参考,设计出具有新的视角语言、新的艺术形态的青春类白酒包装。遵循此方向,探讨如何丰富和发展手绘插画形式的青春白酒的包装设计,具有较高的研究意义和应用价值。

浓香型白酒不同窖龄窖池微生物群落特征研究

浓香型白酒生产一直有“千年老窖万年糟,酒好全凭窖池老”的说法,说明窖池是生产优质浓香型白酒的重要前提条件。本研究采用宏基因组技术解析不同窖龄窖泥微生物群落结构特征,研究结果表明,窖泥细菌群落结构在门水平下主要分布在厚壁菌门、广古菌门和拟杆菌门三类微生物,其中厚壁菌门相对丰度最高;属水平下以己酸菌、甲烷短杆菌、乳酸杆菌属、甲烷杆菌属、甲烷囊菌属和一种产氢产乙酸细菌等为主导菌群;随着窖龄增加,窖泥细菌群落多样性减小,窖龄达10年以上窖泥的微生物群落结构趋于稳定。本研究为窖泥功能微生物资源的开发和窖池维护保养提供了技术支撑。

气相色谱内标法对糟烧白酒中甲醇含量的检测与应用

建立气相色谱内标法,检测糟烧白酒中的甲醇含量,此方法精确度、灵敏度、回收率均良好;对半成品和成品糟烧白酒中的甲醇含量作了比较,发现半成品糟烧白酒中甲醇含量较高,需作进一步的抽样检测,以指导生产,改良工艺。

高温堆积在老白干香型白酒生产中的应用研究

高温堆积是酱香型白酒必不可少的典型工艺环节,具有富集微生物、丰富白酒香味成分的作用。将高温堆积工艺应用于老白干香型白酒传统老五甑工艺,对堆积发酵过程中堆积方式、酒醅水分、酸度、淀粉、还原糖、酒精度指标和微生物数量的变化情况进行了初步研究,结果表明,该工艺的应用明显提高了老白干香型白酒的酸酯含量和感官质量。

白酒产业酒旅融合:价值、困境及出路

白酒酿造和文化旅游具有天然的产业融合优势。一些白酒企业已经走在酒旅融合的路上,但对比葡萄酒和啤酒,白酒酒旅融合发展较为缓慢。该文基于对国内外相关文献资料的梳理,分析了白酒产业酒旅融合的价值逻辑,探索了白酒产业酒旅融合面临的困境,如酒旅融合受困于竞争的红海、受限于B端、存在“两张皮”现象。并提出了白酒产业酒旅融合发展的出路:找寻和挖掘特色优势资源实现跨界融合以跳出竞争的红海;关注C端需求并打造沉浸式酒旅体验场景;构建白酒旅游生态系统推动酒旅深度融合。该文可对白酒产业和白酒企业酒旅融合发展提供理论支撑和实践指导。

文创视阈下的川酒品牌及川酒文化的视觉化设计

在文化创意产业背景下,川酒品牌通过视觉化设计策略提升市场竞争力和文化影响力,以促进川酒文化的传承与发展。该文总结了川酒品牌的发展历程及文化特色,介绍了川酒历史传承、独特的酿造工艺、风味特点,体现文化与社交结合,蕴含着川人的情感与热情,通过文化传承与创新、故事性呈现、多元化产品延伸、用户体验考虑策略设计川酒品牌,并结合酒器、标志、包装、广告、纪念品、空间实现川酒品牌的视觉化设计。