Objectives: To evaluates carbon dioxide(CO_2) production from yeast/sugar mixtures and its efficiency as an attractant in BG-Sentinel traps.Methods: The rate of CO_2 production was optimized for different yeast/sugar ...Objectives: To evaluates carbon dioxide(CO_2) production from yeast/sugar mixtures and its efficiency as an attractant in BG-Sentinel traps.Methods: The rate of CO_2 production was optimized for different yeast/sugar mixtures.The optimized mixture was then used as bait in BG-Sentinel traps. The efficiency of this bait was then compared to octenol baited traps.Results: The yeast/sugar(5g: 280g) in 300 m L water generated the highest volume of CO_2. The CO_2 baited traps caught significantly more mosquitoes than octenol baited traps.Conclusions: Yeast-produced CO_2 can effectively replace octenol baits in BG traps.This will significantly reduce costs and allow sustainable mass-application of the CO_2 baited traps in large scale surveillance programs.展开更多
Protein baitsprays were produced from many different sources for the controlling fruit flies in the integrated pest management program around the world.Here,fruit fly baits were formulated based on cost-effective bait...Protein baitsprays were produced from many different sources for the controlling fruit flies in the integrated pest management program around the world.Here,fruit fly baits were formulated based on cost-effective bait mixtures such as local jaggery,brewers spent grain(BSG),apple cider vinegar,wheat bran powder and local red wine with the fresh enzyme from papaya and pineapple.Fruit fly Baits were prepared by mixing the small amount of local detergent as insecticide.Our results indicated that the best efficient fruit fly bait for area wide integrated pest management(AW-IPM)is the BSG-based bait whereas the second efficient bait is local red wine-based bait.The highest fruit fly per trap per day(FTD)value by BSG-based bait traps was discovered.The highest female captured percentage is BSG-based bait with papaya solution.The field analysis of one week and one month old protein-based bait showed that FTD values decreased slightly while only one month old wheat bran-based bait dropped to the base.The BSG-based baits analysis is effective not only female fruit flies but also cockroaches male in Myanmar’s tropical region.Thus our results reveal that the efficient protein-based bait is the fresh BSG-based bait with papaya solution.展开更多
We compared two different strategies to increase the catches oflps typographus （L.）, particularly males, in pheromone-baited traps. The first of these strategies, the barrier approach, used alternating pheromone ble...We compared two different strategies to increase the catches oflps typographus （L.）, particularly males, in pheromone-baited traps. The first of these strategies, the barrier approach, used alternating pheromone blends, targeting males and females respectively, in closely-spaced traps forming a barrier around forest stands. The second strategy, the single trap approach, used widely-spaced traps that were all baited with the same lure and intended to trap the highest possible numbers of males without compromising trapping of females. In the blend used for the barrier traps targeting primarily males, with a lower percentage of （4S）-cis-verbenol （cV）, the （-）-α-pinene was replaced step wise with （＋）-limonene at rates of 0%, 1%, 10%, 35%, 60% and 90%. This replacement had no significant effect on the numbers of responding 1. typographus males, but there was a slight effect on the percentage of males caught. In the attractant blend for the barrier traps targeting females, with a higher percentage of cV, the 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol （MB） was replaced with 1-methoxy-2-propanol （MP） in a similar fashion as for the male-specific blends. The replacement did not significantly affect the catch of females. Thus, it is pos- sible to use the MP in the blend with cV and ipsdienol without significant change in catch efficacy. In the blends for single traps, the （-）-α- pinene was replaced with （＋）-limonene and MB with MP. The replacement of （-）-α-pinene had only a slight effect on the percentage of males, but the results suggest that replacing MB with MP in the blend will not significantly reduce trapping efficacy.展开更多
During 2009 and 2010, 23 night-time mosquito captures were made at Kanci obora in south-eastern Moravia, Czech Republic. It was used in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDCP） miniature light traps wit...During 2009 and 2010, 23 night-time mosquito captures were made at Kanci obora in south-eastern Moravia, Czech Republic. It was used in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDCP） miniature light traps with CO2 （dry ice） and baited lard-can traps in which sentinel animals were replaced with a container filled with CO2 （dry ice）. In the observed period, a total of 31,882 female mosquitoes were captured by CDC miniature light traps with CO2. Lard-can traps baited with CO2 captured 995 females under the same conditions, which is just 3.12% of the quantity from the CDC traps. At the same time, there were significant differences in the proportional captures of various species. Compared to CDC miniature light traps, baited lard-can traps much more often captured Aedes cinereus （16.58% of total versus 1.93% in CDC traps）, Culex modestus （15.48% versus 4.62%）, and Ae. rossicus （6.13% versus 2.67%）. On the other hand, capture of female Ae. vexans was proportionally much lower （15.38% versus 36.41%）. Capture of Cx. pipiens was more or less the same 14.77% （miniature light traps） and 15.76% （baited lard-can traps）. The occurrence of the calamity species Ae. sticticus was proportionally very high in both trap types （30.05% in lard-can traps baited with CO2, 33.58% in CDC miniature light traps）. The findings prove that a trap＇s design itself significantly affects not only the overall capture of mosquitoes but also the proportional representation of individual species.展开更多
Based on analysis of newly collected 3D seismic and drilled well data,the geological structure and fault system of Baodao sag have been systematically examined to figure out characteristics of the transition fault ter...Based on analysis of newly collected 3D seismic and drilled well data,the geological structure and fault system of Baodao sag have been systematically examined to figure out characteristics of the transition fault terrace belt and its control on the formation of natural gas reservoirs.The research results show that the Baodao sag has the northern fault terrace belt,central depression belt and southern slope belt developed,among them,the northern fault terrace belt consists of multiple transition fault terrace belts such as Baodao B,A and C from west to east which control the source rocks,traps,reservoirs,oil and gas migration and hydrocarbon enrichment in the Baodao sag.The activity of the main fault of the transition belt in the sedimentary period of Yacheng Formation in the Early Oligocene controlled the hydrocarbon generation kitchen and hydrocarbon generation potential.From west to east,getting closer to the provenance,the transition belt increased in activity strength,thickness of source rock and scale of delta,and had multiple hydrocarbon generation depressions developed.The main fault had local compression under the background of tension and torsion,giving rise to composite traps under the background of large nose structure,and the Baodao A and Baodao C traps to the east are larger than Baodao B trap.Multiple fault terraces controlled the material source input from the uplift area to form large delta sand bodies,and the synthetic transition belt of the west and middle sections and the gentle slope of the east section of the F12 fault in the Baodao A transition belt controlled the input of two major material sources,giving rise to a number of delta lobes in the west and east branches.The large structural ridge formed under the control of the main fault close to the hydrocarbon generation center allows efficient migration and accumulation of oil and gas.The combination mode and active time of the main faults matched well with the natural gas charging period,resulting in the hydrocarbon gas enrichment.Baodao A transition belt is adjacent to Baodao 27,25 and 21 lows,where large braided river delta deposits supplied by Shenhu uplift provenance develop,and it is characterized by large structural ridges allowing high efficient hydrocarbon accumulation,parallel combination of main faults and early cessation of faulting activity,so it is a favorable area for hydrocarbon gas accumulation.Thick high-quality gas reservoirs have been revealed through drilling,leading to the discovery of the first large-scale gas field in Baodo 21-1 of Baodao sag.This discovery also confirms that the north transition zone of Songnan-Baodao sag has good reservoir forming conditions,and the transition fault terrace belt has great exploration potential eastward.展开更多
目的比较捕蝇器和以糖醋为诱饵的诱蝇笼捕蝇效果。方法模拟现场和现场试验。结果在模拟现场,捕蝇器和诱蝇笼2 h诱捕率分别为92.1%和0.2%;现场试验捕蝇器捕蝇数显著多于诱蝇笼(CH ISQ=11.3,P<0.05),蝇种主要为家蝇和绿蝇。首只苍蝇进...目的比较捕蝇器和以糖醋为诱饵的诱蝇笼捕蝇效果。方法模拟现场和现场试验。结果在模拟现场,捕蝇器和诱蝇笼2 h诱捕率分别为92.1%和0.2%;现场试验捕蝇器捕蝇数显著多于诱蝇笼(CH ISQ=11.3,P<0.05),蝇种主要为家蝇和绿蝇。首只苍蝇进入捕蝇器和诱蝇笼的时间分别为6 m in和39 m in,两者有显著性差异(S=-10.5,P<0.05)。结论捕蝇器捕蝇效果好于以糖醋为诱饵的诱蝇笼,可使用于家蝇较多的场所。展开更多
文摘Objectives: To evaluates carbon dioxide(CO_2) production from yeast/sugar mixtures and its efficiency as an attractant in BG-Sentinel traps.Methods: The rate of CO_2 production was optimized for different yeast/sugar mixtures.The optimized mixture was then used as bait in BG-Sentinel traps. The efficiency of this bait was then compared to octenol baited traps.Results: The yeast/sugar(5g: 280g) in 300 m L water generated the highest volume of CO_2. The CO_2 baited traps caught significantly more mosquitoes than octenol baited traps.Conclusions: Yeast-produced CO_2 can effectively replace octenol baits in BG traps.This will significantly reduce costs and allow sustainable mass-application of the CO_2 baited traps in large scale surveillance programs.
文摘Protein baitsprays were produced from many different sources for the controlling fruit flies in the integrated pest management program around the world.Here,fruit fly baits were formulated based on cost-effective bait mixtures such as local jaggery,brewers spent grain(BSG),apple cider vinegar,wheat bran powder and local red wine with the fresh enzyme from papaya and pineapple.Fruit fly Baits were prepared by mixing the small amount of local detergent as insecticide.Our results indicated that the best efficient fruit fly bait for area wide integrated pest management(AW-IPM)is the BSG-based bait whereas the second efficient bait is local red wine-based bait.The highest fruit fly per trap per day(FTD)value by BSG-based bait traps was discovered.The highest female captured percentage is BSG-based bait with papaya solution.The field analysis of one week and one month old protein-based bait showed that FTD values decreased slightly while only one month old wheat bran-based bait dropped to the base.The BSG-based baits analysis is effective not only female fruit flies but also cockroaches male in Myanmar’s tropical region.Thus our results reveal that the efficient protein-based bait is the fresh BSG-based bait with papaya solution.
基金supported by Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-51-P06005 and APVV-27-P05205)the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences (2/6153/26)
文摘We compared two different strategies to increase the catches oflps typographus （L.）, particularly males, in pheromone-baited traps. The first of these strategies, the barrier approach, used alternating pheromone blends, targeting males and females respectively, in closely-spaced traps forming a barrier around forest stands. The second strategy, the single trap approach, used widely-spaced traps that were all baited with the same lure and intended to trap the highest possible numbers of males without compromising trapping of females. In the blend used for the barrier traps targeting primarily males, with a lower percentage of （4S）-cis-verbenol （cV）, the （-）-α-pinene was replaced step wise with （＋）-limonene at rates of 0%, 1%, 10%, 35%, 60% and 90%. This replacement had no significant effect on the numbers of responding 1. typographus males, but there was a slight effect on the percentage of males caught. In the attractant blend for the barrier traps targeting females, with a higher percentage of cV, the 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol （MB） was replaced with 1-methoxy-2-propanol （MP） in a similar fashion as for the male-specific blends. The replacement did not significantly affect the catch of females. Thus, it is pos- sible to use the MP in the blend with cV and ipsdienol without significant change in catch efficacy. In the blends for single traps, the （-）-α- pinene was replaced with （＋）-limonene and MB with MP. The replacement of （-）-α-pinene had only a slight effect on the percentage of males, but the results suggest that replacing MB with MP in the blend will not significantly reduce trapping efficacy.
文摘During 2009 and 2010, 23 night-time mosquito captures were made at Kanci obora in south-eastern Moravia, Czech Republic. It was used in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDCP） miniature light traps with CO2 （dry ice） and baited lard-can traps in which sentinel animals were replaced with a container filled with CO2 （dry ice）. In the observed period, a total of 31,882 female mosquitoes were captured by CDC miniature light traps with CO2. Lard-can traps baited with CO2 captured 995 females under the same conditions, which is just 3.12% of the quantity from the CDC traps. At the same time, there were significant differences in the proportional captures of various species. Compared to CDC miniature light traps, baited lard-can traps much more often captured Aedes cinereus （16.58% of total versus 1.93% in CDC traps）, Culex modestus （15.48% versus 4.62%）, and Ae. rossicus （6.13% versus 2.67%）. On the other hand, capture of female Ae. vexans was proportionally much lower （15.38% versus 36.41%）. Capture of Cx. pipiens was more or less the same 14.77% （miniature light traps） and 15.76% （baited lard-can traps）. The occurrence of the calamity species Ae. sticticus was proportionally very high in both trap types （30.05% in lard-can traps baited with CO2, 33.58% in CDC miniature light traps）. The findings prove that a trap＇s design itself significantly affects not only the overall capture of mosquitoes but also the proportional representation of individual species.
基金Supported by the CNOOC Science and Technology Project(KJZH-2021-0003-00,CNOOC-KJ 135 ZDXM 38 ZJ 03 ZJ).
文摘Based on analysis of newly collected 3D seismic and drilled well data,the geological structure and fault system of Baodao sag have been systematically examined to figure out characteristics of the transition fault terrace belt and its control on the formation of natural gas reservoirs.The research results show that the Baodao sag has the northern fault terrace belt,central depression belt and southern slope belt developed,among them,the northern fault terrace belt consists of multiple transition fault terrace belts such as Baodao B,A and C from west to east which control the source rocks,traps,reservoirs,oil and gas migration and hydrocarbon enrichment in the Baodao sag.The activity of the main fault of the transition belt in the sedimentary period of Yacheng Formation in the Early Oligocene controlled the hydrocarbon generation kitchen and hydrocarbon generation potential.From west to east,getting closer to the provenance,the transition belt increased in activity strength,thickness of source rock and scale of delta,and had multiple hydrocarbon generation depressions developed.The main fault had local compression under the background of tension and torsion,giving rise to composite traps under the background of large nose structure,and the Baodao A and Baodao C traps to the east are larger than Baodao B trap.Multiple fault terraces controlled the material source input from the uplift area to form large delta sand bodies,and the synthetic transition belt of the west and middle sections and the gentle slope of the east section of the F12 fault in the Baodao A transition belt controlled the input of two major material sources,giving rise to a number of delta lobes in the west and east branches.The large structural ridge formed under the control of the main fault close to the hydrocarbon generation center allows efficient migration and accumulation of oil and gas.The combination mode and active time of the main faults matched well with the natural gas charging period,resulting in the hydrocarbon gas enrichment.Baodao A transition belt is adjacent to Baodao 27,25 and 21 lows,where large braided river delta deposits supplied by Shenhu uplift provenance develop,and it is characterized by large structural ridges allowing high efficient hydrocarbon accumulation,parallel combination of main faults and early cessation of faulting activity,so it is a favorable area for hydrocarbon gas accumulation.Thick high-quality gas reservoirs have been revealed through drilling,leading to the discovery of the first large-scale gas field in Baodo 21-1 of Baodao sag.This discovery also confirms that the north transition zone of Songnan-Baodao sag has good reservoir forming conditions,and the transition fault terrace belt has great exploration potential eastward.
文摘目的比较捕蝇器和以糖醋为诱饵的诱蝇笼捕蝇效果。方法模拟现场和现场试验。结果在模拟现场,捕蝇器和诱蝇笼2 h诱捕率分别为92.1%和0.2%;现场试验捕蝇器捕蝇数显著多于诱蝇笼(CH ISQ=11.3,P<0.05),蝇种主要为家蝇和绿蝇。首只苍蝇进入捕蝇器和诱蝇笼的时间分别为6 m in和39 m in,两者有显著性差异(S=-10.5,P<0.05)。结论捕蝇器捕蝇效果好于以糖醋为诱饵的诱蝇笼,可使用于家蝇较多的场所。
