AIM:To evaluate the correlation between Demodex infestation and keratitis,and to assess demodicosis using a simple approach.METHODS:A modified slit lamp illumination(at 40×magnification)was used to observe Demode...AIM:To evaluate the correlation between Demodex infestation and keratitis,and to assess demodicosis using a simple approach.METHODS:A modified slit lamp illumination(at 40×magnification)was used to observe Demodex tails in 40patients with refractory keratitis and 80 healthy controls.Bacterial smear and culture of the conjunctival sac and corneal lesion were performed to identify the pathogen.Tea tree oil ointment(TTOO)was added as a Demodex killing agent for lid scrubs to the treatment when Demodex infestation was confirmed.RESULTS:Demodex tails were found in all patients compared to 42/80 of the controls(P<0.01).Seventeen patients presented blepharitis,while 23 were free of scales and inflammation at the lid margin.The demodicosis was mild,moderate,and severe in 8,19,and 13 patients,respectively,compared to mild in 42 controls(P<0.01).The keratitis was mild,moderate,and severe in 13,19,and 8patients,respectively.The severity of Demodex infestation was not correlated to the severity of keratitis(P=0.126).The growth of Staphylococcus was revealed in nine patients who did not react to antibiotic eye drops prior to the TTOO treatment.Patients’signs and symptoms got resolved after the lid scrub with TTOO.CONCLUSION:Ocular Demodex needs to be checked and treated in refractory keratitis patients with or without blepharitis.A slit-lamp illumination under high magnification favors the judgment of the severity of Demodex infestation.展开更多
To observe the clinical changes of meibomian gland dysfunctipn(MGD)and ocular Demodex infestation after intense pulsed light(IPL)treatment to further examine the mechanism of IPL treating patients with MGD and ocular ...To observe the clinical changes of meibomian gland dysfunctipn(MGD)and ocular Demodex infestation after intense pulsed light(IPL)treatment to further examine the mechanism of IPL treating patients with MGD and ocular Demodex infestation.The medical records of 25 patients(49 eyes)with MGD treated with IPL,were retrospectively examined to determine outcomes.Associated ocular-surface parameters(ocular surface disease index,OSD1;lipid layer thickness,LLT;noninvasive first breakup time,NIF-BUT;noninvasive average breakup time,NIAvg?BUT;tear film breakup area,TBUA;Schirmer I Test,SIT;corneal fluorescein staining,CFS),eyelid margin abnormalities,meibum quality and expressibility,MG morphological parameters(macrostructure and microstructure),and the number of Demodex infestation were examined before and after treatment.The MG microstructure and the Demodex infestation were examined via in vivo confocal microscopy(IVCM).The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in associated ocular-surface parameters(all P<0.05)before and after IPL treatment,except SIT(P=0.065).Eyelid margin abnormalities,meibum quality and expressibility obviously improved in upper and lower eyelid after IPL treatment(all P<0.0001).MG macrostructure(MG dropouts)decreased in upper(P=0.002)and lower eyelid(P=0.001)after IPL treatment.The nine parameters of MG microstructure in upper and lower eyelid all distinctly improved after IPL treatment(all P<0.0001).The mean number of Demodex mites on the upper lid margin(6.59±7.16 to 3.12±3.81/9 eyelashes)and lower lid margin(2.55±2.11 to 1.29±1.53/9 eyelashes)significantly reduced after IPL treatment(all P<0.0001).The Demodex eradication rate was 20%(8/40)in upper lid margin and 34.15%(14/41)in lower lid margin.These findings indicate that IPL shows great therapeutic potential for patients of MGD and ocular Demodex infestation.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the association between ocular demodex folliculorum infestation and ocular surface manifestations in meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).METHODS: Eight-six patients with MGD were enrolled. All enr...AIM: To investigate the association between ocular demodex folliculorum infestation and ocular surface manifestations in meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).METHODS: Eight-six patients with MGD were enrolled. All enrolled subjects were tested in the following sequence: ocular surface disease index(OSDI), slit-lamp biomicroscope examination, corneal surface regularity index(SRI) and surface asymmetry index(SAI), tear fluid collection, fluorescein tear film break-up time(F-BUT), corneal fluorescein staining(CFS), Schirmer I test(SIT) and demodex folliculorum counting. Tear matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 activity was assessed using MMP-9 activity assay kit.RESULTS: Among 86 MGD patients, 40 were positive for demodex. The ocular demodex-positive group showed significantly increased scores of OSDI(25.96±13.74 vs 18.07±11.55, P=0.01), lid margin abnormality(2.38±0.87 vs 1.98±0.91, P=0.04) and CFS(1.28±2.00 vs 0.94±1.36, P=0.01) compared to the ocular demodex-free group. The tear MMP-9 activity was higher in the ocular demodex-positive group(102.9±32.4 ng/mL) than the ocular demodex-free group(46.2±19.2 ng/mL, P=0.03). There was no significant difference in meibum quality and expressibility, SRI, SAI, F-BUT and SIT between the two groups(P〉0.05 for each). No significant correlation was noted between the number of demodex and ocular surface parameters in demodexpositive MGD group(P〉0.05 for each).CONCLUSION: Ocular demodex folliculorum infestation may be associated with ocular discomfort and ocular surface damage in MGD.展开更多
Purpose: Demodex folliculorum is a transparent mite, 0.3 - 0.4 mm long, which asymptomatically parasitizes the human pilosebaceous follicles. D. folliculorum is observed in normal skin with a prevalence of 100% and a ...Purpose: Demodex folliculorum is a transparent mite, 0.3 - 0.4 mm long, which asymptomatically parasitizes the human pilosebaceous follicles. D. folliculorum is observed in normal skin with a prevalence of 100% and a density of ≤ 5 D/cm2 in the adult population. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated the differences in pH on the five facial sites between the two populations with and without D. folliculorum. The relationship between pH and skin surface oil was analyzed in populations with and without Demodex mites. Mongolian 750 subjects (370 males and 380 females) aged 16 - 84 years, who lived in Ulaanbaatar city, were enrolled in this study. The eligibility criteria included a minimum age of 16 and no physical and dermatologic illness, no cosmetic. Results: Skin surface oil among the five facial areas differed significantly in both subjects with and without Demodex folliculorum (P < 0.001). When the skin surface oil on the T-zone, U-zone was compared, those on the T-zone were significantly higher than those of the U-zone (P < 0.001) in both populations (P< 0.01). The pH levels on the five facial sites, and U-zone, T-zone and MFpH differed significantly in among both subjects with and without Demodex folliculorum (P < 0.001). In both groups, the pH levels of the U-zone were significantly lower than the pH of the T-zone (P Conclusions: Among the five facial sites in subjects with Demodex folliculorum, there were significant negative correlations between skin surface oil and pH on the forehead (p < 0.001, r = 652), cheek (P < 0.001, r = 0.656), nose (P < 0.001, r = 0.754), chin (P < 0.001, r = 0.679), and T-zone (P < 0.001, r = 0.698), MFSE-MFpH (P < 0.001, r = 0.483). In contrast, among the five sites in subjects without Demodex folliculorum, a significant negative correlation between skin surface oil and pH was observed on the forehead (p < 0.001, r = 766), cheek (P < 0.001, r = 0.798), nose (P < 0.001, r = 0.706), chin (P < 0.001, r = 0.823), and T-zone (P < 0.001, r = 0.602), U-zone (P < 0.001, r = -0.550)展开更多
Objective:To explore the clinical effect of Chinese medicine aerosol fumigation on demodex infection related meibomian gland dysfunction.Methods:In this prospective study,60 patients(120 eyes)were selected and randoml...Objective:To explore the clinical effect of Chinese medicine aerosol fumigation on demodex infection related meibomian gland dysfunction.Methods:In this prospective study,60 patients(120 eyes)were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups:the treatment group(30 cases,60 eyes)was treated with Chinese medicine aerosol fumigation and meibomian gland massage,the control group(30 cases,60 eyes)was treated with meibomian gland massage.Observation of Demodex count,symptom scores,break-up time(BUT),Schirmer I test(SIT),meibomian gland secretion function scores and eyelid fat traits scores were used to compare the difference between before and after treatment.Results:There was no significant difference in Demodex count,symptom scores,BUT,SIT,meibomian gland secretion function scores and eyelid fat traits scores between the 2 groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,symptom scores,meibomian gland secretion function scores and eyelid fat traits and Demodex count of the treatment group were significantly reduced(P<0.01).Conclusion:Chinese medicine aerosol fumigation can relieve symptoms of of demodex infection related meibomian gland dysfunctionand reduce the number of ocular Demodex.展开更多
AIM:To characterize the distribution of meibomian gland(MG)area loss(MGL)and its relationship with demographic characteristics,mites,and symptoms.METHODS:This retrospective observational study included patients who vi...AIM:To characterize the distribution of meibomian gland(MG)area loss(MGL)and its relationship with demographic characteristics,mites,and symptoms.METHODS:This retrospective observational study included patients who visited the Dry Eye Clinic of Shenzhen Eye Hospital between June 2020 and August 2021.General patient characteristics,ocular symptoms,Demodex test results of the eyelid edges,and the results of a comprehensive ocular surface analysis were collected.MGL was analyzed using Image J software.RESULTS:This study enrolled 1204 outpatients aged 20-80(40.70±13.44)y,including 357 males(29.65%)and 847 females(70.35%).The patients were classified into mild(n=155;12.87%),moderate(n=795;66.03%),severe(n=206;17.11%),and extremely severe(n=48;3.99%)MGL groups.MGL was significantly larger in female than in male(P=0.006).The degree of MGL also significantly differed in age(P<0.001)and the more numbers of mites with severity(P<0.001).Multivariate disordered multinomial logistic regression analysis identified that female sex,older age,secretory symptoms,and a large number of mites were risk factors for MGL(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Patients with MGL are more likely to be older,female,more numbers of mites,and increased secretion.展开更多
In addition to causing discomfort, female mosquitoes introduce disease-carrying viruses and bacteria into the bloodstream of their victims. There are numerous publications describing the uses of sugary mosquito baits ...In addition to causing discomfort, female mosquitoes introduce disease-carrying viruses and bacteria into the bloodstream of their victims. There are numerous publications describing the uses of sugary mosquito baits with promising results. Without temperature control measures however, these methods are mainly useful for only nectar-feeding insects, including male mosquitoes, because the warmth of the blood is a condition for the females to locate their meals. The efforts required to keep the baits fresh against the natural spoiling process make them less attractive or impractical to implement. These experiments address these issues by using warm baits of water, sugar, boric acid, and antibiotics. Overnight, the general areas became clear of blood-sucking female mosquitoes while in numbers, the harmless males concentrated into the immediate vicinities. Control vs. experiment protocol established no other logical explanation for this phenomenon other than that females were attracted and killed by the bait. As expected, there was no female mosquito’s activity in these areas. There weren’t many left to do the work.展开更多
I have read with great interest the recent article "A meta-analysis of association between acne vul- garis and Demodex infestation" by Zhao et al. (2012), published in Journal of
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82271052,No.82271058,No.U20A20386)the Taishan Scholar Program(No.tspd20150215,No.tsqn201909188)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the correlation between Demodex infestation and keratitis,and to assess demodicosis using a simple approach.METHODS:A modified slit lamp illumination(at 40×magnification)was used to observe Demodex tails in 40patients with refractory keratitis and 80 healthy controls.Bacterial smear and culture of the conjunctival sac and corneal lesion were performed to identify the pathogen.Tea tree oil ointment(TTOO)was added as a Demodex killing agent for lid scrubs to the treatment when Demodex infestation was confirmed.RESULTS:Demodex tails were found in all patients compared to 42/80 of the controls(P<0.01).Seventeen patients presented blepharitis,while 23 were free of scales and inflammation at the lid margin.The demodicosis was mild,moderate,and severe in 8,19,and 13 patients,respectively,compared to mild in 42 controls(P<0.01).The keratitis was mild,moderate,and severe in 13,19,and 8patients,respectively.The severity of Demodex infestation was not correlated to the severity of keratitis(P=0.126).The growth of Staphylococcus was revealed in nine patients who did not react to antibiotic eye drops prior to the TTOO treatment.Patients’signs and symptoms got resolved after the lid scrub with TTOO.CONCLUSION:Ocular Demodex needs to be checked and treated in refractory keratitis patients with or without blepharitis.A slit-lamp illumination under high magnification favors the judgment of the severity of Demodex infestation.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81670824)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(No.2016CFB421).
文摘To observe the clinical changes of meibomian gland dysfunctipn(MGD)and ocular Demodex infestation after intense pulsed light(IPL)treatment to further examine the mechanism of IPL treating patients with MGD and ocular Demodex infestation.The medical records of 25 patients(49 eyes)with MGD treated with IPL,were retrospectively examined to determine outcomes.Associated ocular-surface parameters(ocular surface disease index,OSD1;lipid layer thickness,LLT;noninvasive first breakup time,NIF-BUT;noninvasive average breakup time,NIAvg?BUT;tear film breakup area,TBUA;Schirmer I Test,SIT;corneal fluorescein staining,CFS),eyelid margin abnormalities,meibum quality and expressibility,MG morphological parameters(macrostructure and microstructure),and the number of Demodex infestation were examined before and after treatment.The MG microstructure and the Demodex infestation were examined via in vivo confocal microscopy(IVCM).The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in associated ocular-surface parameters(all P<0.05)before and after IPL treatment,except SIT(P=0.065).Eyelid margin abnormalities,meibum quality and expressibility obviously improved in upper and lower eyelid after IPL treatment(all P<0.0001).MG macrostructure(MG dropouts)decreased in upper(P=0.002)and lower eyelid(P=0.001)after IPL treatment.The nine parameters of MG microstructure in upper and lower eyelid all distinctly improved after IPL treatment(all P<0.0001).The mean number of Demodex mites on the upper lid margin(6.59±7.16 to 3.12±3.81/9 eyelashes)and lower lid margin(2.55±2.11 to 1.29±1.53/9 eyelashes)significantly reduced after IPL treatment(all P<0.0001).The Demodex eradication rate was 20%(8/40)in upper lid margin and 34.15%(14/41)in lower lid margin.These findings indicate that IPL shows great therapeutic potential for patients of MGD and ocular Demodex infestation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81500693)
文摘AIM: To investigate the association between ocular demodex folliculorum infestation and ocular surface manifestations in meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).METHODS: Eight-six patients with MGD were enrolled. All enrolled subjects were tested in the following sequence: ocular surface disease index(OSDI), slit-lamp biomicroscope examination, corneal surface regularity index(SRI) and surface asymmetry index(SAI), tear fluid collection, fluorescein tear film break-up time(F-BUT), corneal fluorescein staining(CFS), Schirmer I test(SIT) and demodex folliculorum counting. Tear matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 activity was assessed using MMP-9 activity assay kit.RESULTS: Among 86 MGD patients, 40 were positive for demodex. The ocular demodex-positive group showed significantly increased scores of OSDI(25.96±13.74 vs 18.07±11.55, P=0.01), lid margin abnormality(2.38±0.87 vs 1.98±0.91, P=0.04) and CFS(1.28±2.00 vs 0.94±1.36, P=0.01) compared to the ocular demodex-free group. The tear MMP-9 activity was higher in the ocular demodex-positive group(102.9±32.4 ng/mL) than the ocular demodex-free group(46.2±19.2 ng/mL, P=0.03). There was no significant difference in meibum quality and expressibility, SRI, SAI, F-BUT and SIT between the two groups(P〉0.05 for each). No significant correlation was noted between the number of demodex and ocular surface parameters in demodexpositive MGD group(P〉0.05 for each).CONCLUSION: Ocular demodex folliculorum infestation may be associated with ocular discomfort and ocular surface damage in MGD.
文摘Purpose: Demodex folliculorum is a transparent mite, 0.3 - 0.4 mm long, which asymptomatically parasitizes the human pilosebaceous follicles. D. folliculorum is observed in normal skin with a prevalence of 100% and a density of ≤ 5 D/cm2 in the adult population. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated the differences in pH on the five facial sites between the two populations with and without D. folliculorum. The relationship between pH and skin surface oil was analyzed in populations with and without Demodex mites. Mongolian 750 subjects (370 males and 380 females) aged 16 - 84 years, who lived in Ulaanbaatar city, were enrolled in this study. The eligibility criteria included a minimum age of 16 and no physical and dermatologic illness, no cosmetic. Results: Skin surface oil among the five facial areas differed significantly in both subjects with and without Demodex folliculorum (P < 0.001). When the skin surface oil on the T-zone, U-zone was compared, those on the T-zone were significantly higher than those of the U-zone (P < 0.001) in both populations (P< 0.01). The pH levels on the five facial sites, and U-zone, T-zone and MFpH differed significantly in among both subjects with and without Demodex folliculorum (P < 0.001). In both groups, the pH levels of the U-zone were significantly lower than the pH of the T-zone (P Conclusions: Among the five facial sites in subjects with Demodex folliculorum, there were significant negative correlations between skin surface oil and pH on the forehead (p < 0.001, r = 652), cheek (P < 0.001, r = 0.656), nose (P < 0.001, r = 0.754), chin (P < 0.001, r = 0.679), and T-zone (P < 0.001, r = 0.698), MFSE-MFpH (P < 0.001, r = 0.483). In contrast, among the five sites in subjects without Demodex folliculorum, a significant negative correlation between skin surface oil and pH was observed on the forehead (p < 0.001, r = 766), cheek (P < 0.001, r = 0.798), nose (P < 0.001, r = 0.706), chin (P < 0.001, r = 0.823), and T-zone (P < 0.001, r = 0.602), U-zone (P < 0.001, r = -0.550)
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81574029)Jinming National Famous and Old Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio,and"Hundreds of Millions"Talent Project(No.Qihuang Project)for Qihuang Scholar of Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
文摘Objective:To explore the clinical effect of Chinese medicine aerosol fumigation on demodex infection related meibomian gland dysfunction.Methods:In this prospective study,60 patients(120 eyes)were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups:the treatment group(30 cases,60 eyes)was treated with Chinese medicine aerosol fumigation and meibomian gland massage,the control group(30 cases,60 eyes)was treated with meibomian gland massage.Observation of Demodex count,symptom scores,break-up time(BUT),Schirmer I test(SIT),meibomian gland secretion function scores and eyelid fat traits scores were used to compare the difference between before and after treatment.Results:There was no significant difference in Demodex count,symptom scores,BUT,SIT,meibomian gland secretion function scores and eyelid fat traits scores between the 2 groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,symptom scores,meibomian gland secretion function scores and eyelid fat traits and Demodex count of the treatment group were significantly reduced(P<0.01).Conclusion:Chinese medicine aerosol fumigation can relieve symptoms of of demodex infection related meibomian gland dysfunctionand reduce the number of ocular Demodex.
基金Supported by the Science,Technology,and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(JCYJ20230807114605011).
文摘AIM:To characterize the distribution of meibomian gland(MG)area loss(MGL)and its relationship with demographic characteristics,mites,and symptoms.METHODS:This retrospective observational study included patients who visited the Dry Eye Clinic of Shenzhen Eye Hospital between June 2020 and August 2021.General patient characteristics,ocular symptoms,Demodex test results of the eyelid edges,and the results of a comprehensive ocular surface analysis were collected.MGL was analyzed using Image J software.RESULTS:This study enrolled 1204 outpatients aged 20-80(40.70±13.44)y,including 357 males(29.65%)and 847 females(70.35%).The patients were classified into mild(n=155;12.87%),moderate(n=795;66.03%),severe(n=206;17.11%),and extremely severe(n=48;3.99%)MGL groups.MGL was significantly larger in female than in male(P=0.006).The degree of MGL also significantly differed in age(P<0.001)and the more numbers of mites with severity(P<0.001).Multivariate disordered multinomial logistic regression analysis identified that female sex,older age,secretory symptoms,and a large number of mites were risk factors for MGL(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Patients with MGL are more likely to be older,female,more numbers of mites,and increased secretion.
文摘In addition to causing discomfort, female mosquitoes introduce disease-carrying viruses and bacteria into the bloodstream of their victims. There are numerous publications describing the uses of sugary mosquito baits with promising results. Without temperature control measures however, these methods are mainly useful for only nectar-feeding insects, including male mosquitoes, because the warmth of the blood is a condition for the females to locate their meals. The efforts required to keep the baits fresh against the natural spoiling process make them less attractive or impractical to implement. These experiments address these issues by using warm baits of water, sugar, boric acid, and antibiotics. Overnight, the general areas became clear of blood-sucking female mosquitoes while in numbers, the harmless males concentrated into the immediate vicinities. Control vs. experiment protocol established no other logical explanation for this phenomenon other than that females were attracted and killed by the bait. As expected, there was no female mosquito’s activity in these areas. There weren’t many left to do the work.
文摘I have read with great interest the recent article "A meta-analysis of association between acne vul- garis and Demodex infestation" by Zhao et al. (2012), published in Journal of