Should ocular Demodex be checked and treated in refractory keratitis patients without blepharitis?

AIM:To evaluate the correlation between Demodex infestation and keratitis,and to assess demodicosis using a simple approach.METHODS:A modified slit lamp illumination(at 40×magnification)was used to observe Demodex tails in 40patients with refractory keratitis and 80 healthy controls.Bacterial smear and culture of the conjunctival sac and corneal lesion were performed to identify the pathogen.Tea tree oil ointment(TTOO)was added as a Demodex killing agent for lid scrubs to the treatment when Demodex infestation was confirmed.RESULTS:Demodex tails were found in all patients compared to 42/80 of the controls(P<0.01).Seventeen patients presented blepharitis,while 23 were free of scales and inflammation at the lid margin.The demodicosis was mild,moderate,and severe in 8,19,and 13 patients,respectively,compared to mild in 42 controls(P<0.01).The keratitis was mild,moderate,and severe in 13,19,and 8patients,respectively.The severity of Demodex infestation was not correlated to the severity of keratitis(P=0.126).The growth of Staphylococcus was revealed in nine patients who did not react to antibiotic eye drops prior to the TTOO treatment.Patients’signs and symptoms got resolved after the lid scrub with TTOO.CONCLUSION:Ocular Demodex needs to be checked and treated in refractory keratitis patients with or without blepharitis.A slit-lamp illumination under high magnification favors the judgment of the severity of Demodex infestation.

Intense Pulsed Light Therapy for Patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Ocular Demodex Infestation

To observe the clinical changes of meibomian gland dysfunctipn(MGD)and ocular Demodex infestation after intense pulsed light(IPL)treatment to further examine the mechanism of IPL treating patients with MGD and ocular Demodex infestation.The medical records of 25 patients(49 eyes)with MGD treated with IPL,were retrospectively examined to determine outcomes.Associated ocular-surface parameters(ocular surface disease index,OSD1;lipid layer thickness,LLT;noninvasive first breakup time,NIF-BUT;noninvasive average breakup time,NIAvg?BUT;tear film breakup area,TBUA;Schirmer I Test,SIT;corneal fluorescein staining,CFS),eyelid margin abnormalities,meibum quality and expressibility,MG morphological parameters(macrostructure and microstructure),and the number of Demodex infestation were examined before and after treatment.The MG microstructure and the Demodex infestation were examined via in vivo confocal microscopy(IVCM).The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in associated ocular-surface parameters(all P<0.05)before and after IPL treatment,except SIT(P=0.065).Eyelid margin abnormalities,meibum quality and expressibility obviously improved in upper and lower eyelid after IPL treatment(all P<0.0001).MG macrostructure(MG dropouts)decreased in upper(P=0.002)and lower eyelid(P=0.001)after IPL treatment.The nine parameters of MG microstructure in upper and lower eyelid all distinctly improved after IPL treatment(all P<0.0001).The mean number of Demodex mites on the upper lid margin(6.59±7.16 to 3.12±3.81/9 eyelashes)and lower lid margin(2.55±2.11 to 1.29±1.53/9 eyelashes)significantly reduced after IPL treatment(all P<0.0001).The Demodex eradication rate was 20%(8/40)in upper lid margin and 34.15%(14/41)in lower lid margin.These findings indicate that IPL shows great therapeutic potential for patients of MGD and ocular Demodex infestation.

The association between demodex infestation and ocular surface manifestations in meibomian gland dysfunction

AIM： To investigate the association between ocular demodex folliculorum infestation and ocular surface manifestations in meibomian gland dysfunction（MGD）.METHODS： Eight-six patients with MGD were enrolled. All enrolled subjects were tested in the following sequence： ocular surface disease index（OSDI）, slit-lamp biomicroscope examination, corneal surface regularity index（SRI） and surface asymmetry index（SAI）, tear fluid collection, fluorescein tear film break-up time（F-BUT）, corneal fluorescein staining（CFS）, Schirmer I test（SIT） and demodex folliculorum counting. Tear matrix metalloproteinase（MMP）-9 activity was assessed using MMP-9 activity assay kit.RESULTS： Among 86 MGD patients, 40 were positive for demodex. The ocular demodex-positive group showed significantly increased scores of OSDI（25.96±13.74 vs 18.07±11.55, P=0.01）, lid margin abnormality（2.38±0.87 vs 1.98±0.91, P=0.04） and CFS（1.28±2.00 vs 0.94±1.36, P=0.01） compared to the ocular demodex-free group. The tear MMP-9 activity was higher in the ocular demodex-positive group（102.9±32.4 ng/mL） than the ocular demodex-free group（46.2±19.2 ng/mL, P=0.03）. There was no significant difference in meibum quality and expressibility, SRI, SAI, F-BUT and SIT between the two groups（P〉0.05 for each）. No significant correlation was noted between the number of demodex and ocular surface parameters in demodexpositive MGD group（P〉0.05 for each）.CONCLUSION： Ocular demodex folliculorum infestation may be associated with ocular discomfort and ocular surface damage in MGD.

Correlation Demodex Folliculorum and Skin Biophysical Parameters

Purpose: Demodex folliculorum is a transparent mite, 0.3 - 0.4 mm long, which asymptomatically parasitizes the human pilosebaceous follicles. D. folliculorum is observed in normal skin with a prevalence of 100% and a density of ≤ 5 D/cm2 in the adult population. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated the differences in pH on the five facial sites between the two populations with and without D. folliculorum. The relationship between pH and skin surface oil was analyzed in populations with and without Demodex mites. Mongolian 750 subjects (370 males and 380 females) aged 16 - 84 years, who lived in Ulaanbaatar city, were enrolled in this study. The eligibility criteria included a minimum age of 16 and no physical and dermatologic illness, no cosmetic. Results: Skin surface oil among the five facial areas differed significantly in both subjects with and without Demodex folliculorum (P < 0.001). When the skin surface oil on the T-zone, U-zone was compared, those on the T-zone were significantly higher than those of the U-zone (P < 0.001) in both populations (P< 0.01). The pH levels on the five facial sites, and U-zone, T-zone and MFpH differed significantly in among both subjects with and without Demodex folliculorum (P < 0.001). In both groups, the pH levels of the U-zone were significantly lower than the pH of the T-zone (P Conclusions: Among the five facial sites in subjects with Demodex folliculorum, there were significant negative correlations between skin surface oil and pH on the forehead (p < 0.001, r = 652), cheek (P < 0.001, r = 0.656), nose (P < 0.001, r = 0.754), chin (P < 0.001, r = 0.679), and T-zone (P < 0.001, r = 0.698), MFSE-MFpH (P < 0.001, r = 0.483). In contrast, among the five sites in subjects without Demodex folliculorum, a significant negative correlation between skin surface oil and pH was observed on the forehead (p < 0.001, r = 766), cheek (P < 0.001, r = 0.798), nose (P < 0.001, r = 0.706), chin (P < 0.001, r = 0.823), and T-zone (P < 0.001, r = 0.602), U-zone (P < 0.001, r = -0.550)

Clinical effect of Chinese medicine aerosol fumigation on demodex infection related meibomian gland dysfunction

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of Chinese medicine aerosol fumigation on demodex infection related meibomian gland dysfunction.Methods:In this prospective study,60 patients(120 eyes)were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups:the treatment group(30 cases,60 eyes)was treated with Chinese medicine aerosol fumigation and meibomian gland massage,the control group(30 cases,60 eyes)was treated with meibomian gland massage.Observation of Demodex count,symptom scores,break-up time(BUT),Schirmer I test(SIT),meibomian gland secretion function scores and eyelid fat traits scores were used to compare the difference between before and after treatment.Results:There was no significant difference in Demodex count,symptom scores,BUT,SIT,meibomian gland secretion function scores and eyelid fat traits scores between the 2 groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,symptom scores,meibomian gland secretion function scores and eyelid fat traits and Demodex count of the treatment group were significantly reduced(P<0.01).Conclusion:Chinese medicine aerosol fumigation can relieve symptoms of of demodex infection related meibomian gland dysfunctionand reduce the number of ocular Demodex.

饵剂投放站对田间红火蚁的饵剂搬运量及防控效果研究

饵剂诱杀是防控红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren最广泛和最有效的措施。本研究利用一种新型饵剂投放站(简称饵剂站)对比分析红火蚁工蚁对0.08%茚虫威杀蚁饵剂及其载体的搬运量,并使用5 g/巢、10 g/巢、20 g/巢3种剂量的饵剂对田间红火蚁蚁巢进行单蚁巢处理,评价饵剂站对田间红火蚁的饵剂搬运量及防控效果的影响。结果表明,红火蚁工蚁对饵剂站内0.08%茚虫威饵剂及其载体的搬运量少于直接撒施处理方式的搬运量。施药24 h后,红火蚁工蚁对饵剂站内和直接撒施的0.08%茚虫威饵剂搬运量分别为14.84±3.18 g和17.71±5.88 g,差异不显著。使用饵剂站施用10 g、20 g饵剂处理28 d后,工蚁减退率、蚁巢减退率、蚁群级别降低率和综合防治效果均可达到90%以上,与直接撒施处理方式均无显著差异。虽然饵剂站会一定程度上降低红火蚁工蚁对饵剂的搬运量,但却不影响对红火蚁的防控效果,基于其防雨、防潮的优点,饵剂站可显著延长红火蚁防控的窗口期。

不同型号鼠夹和不同诱饵在农村地区捕鼠效果比较

目的通过比较不同型号鼠夹搭配不同诱饵的捕鼠效果,为今后工作中合理选择鼠夹和诱饵提供依据。方法使用中号钢板夹和大号钢板夹分别搭配生花生米和鲜肉交替布放在农村居民区和农田,比较捕获率及鼠种构成。结果大号鼠夹捕获率高于中号鼠夹(P<0001,OR=3280,95%CI:2414~4456),用鲜肉作为诱饵的捕获率低于生花生米(P=0020,OR=0723,95%CI:0550~0950),大号鼠夹和生花生米饵在捕获农田优势鼠种黑线姬鼠方面有优势,大号鼠夹更容易捕获到体型较大的褐家鼠。结论不同鼠夹型号和诱饵对于捕鼠效果影响较大,建议鼠害监测可用大号鼠夹和生花生米。

不同生物饵料对中国鲎繁殖性能及后代质量的影响

为筛选有效促进中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)亲鲎性腺发育及产卵的生物饵料,选取成年中国鲎15对,于2021年7—8月开展生物饵料实验,以菲律宾蛤仔(A组)、双齿围沙蚕(B组)、近江牡蛎肉(C组)、菲律宾蛤仔+双齿围沙蚕(D组)和近江牡蛎肉+双齿围沙蚕(E组)5组生物饵料投喂亲鲎,采用SPSS 19.0软件统计分析和单因素方差分析,通过比较卵径、受精卵的孵化时间和孵化率以及1龄幼体头胸甲宽,研究不同饵料对中国鲎繁殖性能和后代质量的影响。结果表明:试验D组产卵数量和次数均高于其他试验组,其次是E组,混合试验组产卵数量和质量均高于单独试验组。研究发现,双齿围沙蚕和菲律宾蛤仔组合投喂较适合开发为亲鲎性腺强化培育的生物饵料,对性腺发育及产卵有显著的促进作用。本研究旨在为开发安全、高效、优质的中国鲎性腺促熟饵料提供参考依据。

BG-Trap法与双层叠帐法对登革热媒介白纹伊蚊监测效果的比较

目的比较BG-trap法与双层叠帐法对登革热媒介白纹伊蚊的监测效果,进一步探讨BG-trap法用于登革热媒介伊蚊监测的可能性,为制定更有效的登革热防控策略提供参考依据。方法实验选取江苏省3个设区市的6个户外监测点,于8—9月的3天时间中,分别于每日16:00-16:30、17:00-17:30、18:00-18:30三个时段同步开展BG-Trap法和双层叠帐法监测。结果BG-Trap法和双层叠帐法均能够有效地捕获白纹伊蚊的雌蚊,双层叠账法捕获的白纹伊蚊占比高于BG-Trap法(χ^(2)=16.034,P<0.01),两种方法捕获的白纹伊蚊雌蚊构成比之间差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.162,P=0.687)。BG-Trap法捕获的白纹伊蚊平均密度指数为7.85±5.23只/(台·h),低于双层叠帐法的27.04±13.86只/(顶·h),差异有统计学意义(t=6.73,P<0.001)。结论BG-Trap法对登革热媒介白纹伊蚊监测效果不及双层叠帐法,其能否应用于登革热媒介伊蚊监测有待于进一步研究。

投喂不同饵料对斑鳜生长及消化性能的影响

【目的】探明斑鳜(Siniperca scherzeri)摄食配合饲料后其生长与消化性能的变化规律,为开展以配合饲料替代传统饵料鱼的斑鳜规模养殖提供参考依据。【方法】选取驯化和未驯化斑鳜苗种各180尾,分别投喂配合饲料和活饵鱼,饲养20周后饥饿24 h,测定分析其生长性能、消化酶活性、肠道组织结构及肠道微生物群落结构。【结果】至饲养20周后,饲料组斑鳜的存活率、脏体比与活饵组斑鳜相比无显著差异(P>0.05,下同),但终末体质量、增重率及饲料系数显著低于活饵组斑鳜(P<0.05,下同);饲料组斑鳜肠道α-淀粉酶活性显著高于活饵组斑鳜,胰蛋白酶活性显著低于活饵组斑鳜,而胃蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性无显著差异。此外,饲料组斑鳜肠道的肌层厚度和黏膜褶皱高度均显著低于活饵组斑鳜,但二者间的肠黏膜褶皱数无显著差异。在肠道微生物群落方面,饲料组斑鳜肠道微生物群落的ACE指数和Chao1指数显著低于活饵组斑鳜,但Shannon指数和Simpson指数无显著差异;2种饵料投喂模式下斑鳜肠道微生物群落结构均以变形菌门、厚壁菌门、软壁菌门和放线菌门为绝对优势菌门,其相对丰度之和在98.00%以上;在属分类水平上,饲料组斑鳜肠道内的伯克霍尔德菌属相对丰度显著高于活饵组斑鳜,而鞘氨醇盒菌属和支原体属相对丰度显著低于活饵组斑鳜。【结论】以配合饲料替代活饵投喂斑鳜,其生长速度显著降低,肠道组织结构、消化酶活性及肠道微生物群落结构出现适应性变化,尤其是配合饲料的投喂有助于维持肠道微生物稳定性。可见,以配合饲料替代活饵养殖斑鳜具有可行性,但还需进一步优化饲料营养组分及投喂策略,提高配合饲料养殖下斑鳜的生长速率。

基于混合空洞卷积和注意力多尺度网络的残饵密度估计

及时、准确地估算饵料盘中残留饲料量是提高养殖效益的重要措施。针对虾类养殖场景下残饵检测模型复杂度高、计数精度低的问题,提出了一种基于混合空洞卷积和注意力多尺度网络(hybrid dilated convolution and attention multi-scale network,HAMNet)的残饵密度估计方法。首先,借鉴MCNN(multi-column convolutional neural network)多列架构的思想设计并行卷积块(parallel convolution block,PCB),使网络在单列架构中提取多种尺度的残饵特征,简化了网络结构并减轻了计算量;同时为了弥补网络结构简化造成残饵特征表示能力略有不足的问题,引入混合空洞卷积块(hybrid dilated convolution block,HDCB)避免信息丢失并增大感受野,增强模型深入挖掘多尺度残饵信息的能力。其次,在网络中嵌入通道注意力机制(channel attention mechanism,CAM),利用通道之间的相互依赖性重新校准有用特征信息的权重,凸显目标与背景的差异性。最后,针对下采样导致密度图质量差的问题,应用可学习的转置卷积恢复特征图细节信息,进而提升模型计数性能。利用饵料盘条件下采集的残饵图像进行了验证,试验结果表明,与基准模型MCNN相比,HAMNet模型的平均绝对误差、均方根误差和计算量分别降低了44.4%、40.8%和13.7%,参数量仅为0.52 MB。与经典密度估计模型CMTL(cascaded multi-task learning)、SANet(scale aggregation network)、CSRNet(congested scene recognition network)相比,该模型在各项性能指标上保持了最佳平衡,明显处于优势。该研究可为人工智能在水产养殖中快速量化残饵提供参考。

乌东德水电站尾水集鱼平台集鱼效果影响因素分析

为研究乌东德水电站尾水集鱼平台集鱼效果与诱鱼措施、下游水文要素等影响因素之间的关系,通过分析2021年4~10月乌东德水电站右岸尾水集鱼平台运行数据以及同期水文数据,采用数据对比分析法初步提出了水文指标变化与集鱼效果之间的趋势关系。数据分析显示:金沙江中游江段投放肉食型饵料诱鱼增益效果更好;6~7月开启灯光诱鱼,可显著提升光照敏感鱼类的收集率;短时间的下泄流量增加对刺激鱼类洄游,增加集鱼数量没有明显作用,而超过5 d以上连续的下泄流量增加可以刺激鱼类洄游,提升集鱼数量。研究成果可为优化金沙江中游水电站生态调度以及提升集鱼系统集鱼效率提供支撑。

活饵与饲料投喂对幼鳜肠肽酶活力及小肽转运、吸收的影响

以初始体重(6.77±0.64)g的鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)为实验对象,从消化道肠肽酶活力和小肽转运吸收方面比较研究鳜对活饵与饲料消化吸收能力的差异。实验采用3种分组投食策略,将鳜分活饵组(仅投喂活饵鱼)、饲料组(仅投喂饲料)、复投活饵组(以下简称复投组,先投喂饲料后活饵鱼)。活饵组、饲料组分别饲养22d,复投组经5d驯饲、15d饲料和2d活饵喂养。饲养结束时在各组进食0.5h、1h、2h、3h、6h、12h、16h时分别取样肠和幽门盲囊,测定氨肽酶和羧肽酶含量与活力,小肽转运载体基因Pept1a、Pept1b和Pept2 mRNA表达水平,及进食12h后肠内容物及粪便中残余小肽含量。结果表明:各组羧肽酶、氨肽酶含量变化无显著性规律,酶活力总体呈先升后降趋势;活饵组肽酶活力峰值显著高于复投组高于饲料组(P<0.01),复投组由饲料转喂活饵后,肠道肠肽酶活力显著上升;各组前肠、中肠及幽门盲囊Pept1a、Pept1b mRNA表达显著高于后肠(P<0.01),后肠则以Pept2 mRNA高表达(P<0.01)。在复投组摄食活饵后,小肽转运载体基因表达水平较饲料组迅速回升(P<0.01);摄食12h,复投组肠内容物小肽含量显著高于活饵组和饲料组,小肽吸收效率随消化时间延长而上升。饲料组粪便中小肽含量显著高于活饵组与复投组,未转运的小肽中含必需氨基酸居高。综上所述,投喂鳜配合饲料,对肠肽酶活力、小肽转运载体基因表达和小肽吸收速率均产生不利影响,鳜对饲料蛋白的分解和小肽转运吸收效率显著低于活饵鱼。

水丝蚓及人工饲料对草金鱼生长和体色的影响

为评价水丝蚓或人工饲料对草金鱼生长和体色的影响,选择初始体质量(7.82±1.84)g、体长(5.73±0.45)cm的草金鱼,分别投喂水丝蚓(SY组)和人工饲料(SL组),定期测定体质量和体色色度。结果显示,SY组试验鱼增质量率、特定生长率显著高于SL组(P<0.05),肥满度差异不显著(P>0.05);两组试验鱼体质量直线斜率差异不显著(P>0.05)。两组草金鱼体色L*(亮度)值与投喂时间呈正相关趋势,a*(+a*红,-a*绿)、b*(+b*黄,-b*蓝)值均呈负相关趋势;两组试验鱼色度值直线斜率(K)差异不显著(P>0.05);试验结束时,SY组试验鱼体表a*和b*值均显著高于SL组(P<0.05)。研究表明,草金鱼体质量与生长时间的线性相关性较强,投喂水丝蚓更容易被草金鱼接受,更能稳定促进其生长,但无论投喂水丝蚓或是人工饲料,其体表红色均会逐渐变淡。

热蒸汽处理面部对蠕形螨检出率的影响

目的了解热蒸汽处理面部对蠕形螨检出率的影响。方法选取2023年5—7月在兰州市某三甲医院皮肤科门诊就诊的215例疑似蠕形螨病的患者作为研究对象,同一患者分别在室温和热蒸汽处理面部10 min后在鼻翼两侧行蠕形螨直接刮拭法镜检。结果经热蒸汽处理后面部蠕形螨的检出率明显增高,达63.7%(137/215);而室温状态下人体蠕形螨的检出率仅为28.4%(61/215)。比较患者面部热蒸汽处理前后蠕形螨的检出率,两者差别具有显著性(χ2=54.07,P=0.00)。结论热蒸汽处理面部能显著提升蠕形螨检出率,为临床上人体蠕形螨病的实验诊断方法提供新的参考。

不同饵料对“六月黄”中华绒螯蟹食用品质和风味物质的影响

为比较不同饵料对“六月黄”中华绒螯蟹(简称六月黄)食用品质和风味物质的影响,分别选取投喂配合饲料、冰鲜鱼、黑水虻[亮斑扁角水虻(Hermetiaillucens linnaeus)]和冰鲜鱼+黑水虻(简称鱼+虻)4组的六月黄,测定其食用品质和风味物质等指标。结果表明:冰鲜鱼组肥满度显著高于其他组,鱼+虻组肝胰腺指数显著低于其他组;冰鲜鱼组和配合饲料组体节肉蛋白质含量显著高于其他组,而鱼+虻组附肢肉蛋白质含量显著高于配合饲料组和黑水虻组;肝胰腺中脂肪含量远高于肌肉且冰鲜鱼组和鱼+虻组显著高于配合饲料组,而冰鲜鱼组和黑水虻组肝胰腺水分含量显著低于配合饲料组;冰鲜鱼组肌肉和肝胰腺中二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量及n-3/n-6值均显著高于其他组;肌肉和肝胰腺中主要呈味核苷酸以腺苷酸(AMP)为主,冰鲜鱼组肌肉中肌苷酸(IMP)含量显著高于其他组,配合饲料组体节肉鸟苷酸和腺苷酸滋味活性值(TAV)与冰鲜鱼组相当,配合饲料组肝胰腺中鸟苷酸和腺苷酸的TAV值最高;配合饲料组和冰鲜鱼组附肢肉味精当量(EUC)显著高于其他两组,鱼+虻组肝胰腺EUC显著低于其他3组;挥发性物质测定结果表明,肌肉和肝胰腺中均含有癸醛和壬醛,而反式-2,4-癸二烯醛、反-2-辛烯醛、苯甲醛和2-壬酮等物质只在肝胰腺中出现,其中冰鲜鱼组肝胰腺中十一醛和苯甲醛明显高于其他组。综上,投喂冰鲜鱼对提升六月黄中华绒螯蟹的食用品质和风味有明显优势。

QuEChERS/HPLC-MS/MS法测定渔用饲料及饵料中地西泮及其代谢物

研究建立了一种同时测定渔用饲料及饵料中地西泮及其代谢物的分散型固相萃取(QuEChERS)/高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)的方法。样品采用乙酸乙酯提取,提取液经50 mg C18和PSA分散固相萃取净化,40℃下氮吹浓缩近干,加入80%乙腈1.0 mL复溶,过滤后采用HPLC-MS/MS法进行测定。目标物采用飞诺美Kinetex C18系列色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm)分离,以0.1%体积比甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱。电喷雾离子源(ESI+)、选择反应监测(SRM)模式下进行测定,基质匹配内标法定性定量。结果显示,该方法在0.5~50.0μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限和定量下限分别为0.5μg/kg和1.0μg/kg。在3个不同的添加水平下,地西泮及其代谢物的平均回收率为82.3%~109.4%,相对标准偏差为3.62%~6.33%。研究表明,该方法具有快速、准确度高与灵敏度高的优点,可满足渔用饲料及饵料中地西泮及其代谢物的残留检测需求。

蠕形螨相关干眼症护理的最佳证据总结

目的筛选国内外蠕形螨相关干眼症护理的相关证据,并对最佳证据进行总结。方法系统检索UpToDate、BMJ Best Practice、美国指南网、亚洲干眼协会、国际泪表与眼表协会、中国知网和万方数据等数据库,查找和研究相关的原始研究、指南、专家共识和系统评价。检索期限为建库至2024年3月31日。由2名研究员对文献质量进行评价,并结合专业判断,选取符合标准的文献。结果最终共纳入9篇文献,其中指南2篇、专家共识3篇、系统评价2篇、原始研究2篇。最佳证据包括居家护理、健康教育、干预措施3个类别,共总结出27条证据。结论证据应用人员需结合临床环境及医院特点,针对性地选取应用蠕形螨相关干眼症护理的最佳证据,以提升护理质量,促进患者健康。

红火蚁觅食行为及其在防治中的应用

红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是极具危害性的入侵生物,已在我国多个省份地区扩散成灾。近年来,国内外在红火蚁觅食行为领域取得了一系列研究进展,为红火蚁防控提供了新的思路与方法。本文回顾了红火蚁觅食行为的相关研究,综述了红火蚁觅食的过程、行为机制及影响因素,并分析了觅食行为与防治的联系。红火蚁可广泛地采集和利用不同类型、大小和成分的食物。其觅食过程分为食物搜寻、搬运与处理等阶段,在这一过程中也可能伴随着食物埋藏、铺路越障和工具利用等行为。目前已报道多种跟踪信息素和关键基因可以调控红火蚁的觅食行为。此外,多种生物和非生物因素也会影响红火蚁的觅食行为和策略。基于红火蚁特殊的觅食行为模式,有望开发出专一性更强、对非靶标生物安全的监测和防控技术。建议在今后的研究中进一步探索红火蚁觅食行为的模式及其分子和化学机制,更好地将理论研究与防治实践相结合,控制红火蚁疫情蔓延危害。

环状RNA编码蛋白质在胃肠肿瘤中的研究进展

环状RNA(CircRNA)是一类具有连续、共价闭合、环状结构的单链RNA,生成机制与线性RNA存在较大差异。目前研究已发现部分CircRNA可以通过内部核糖体进入位点、N6-甲基腺苷和滚环翻译等非帽依赖性蛋白翻译机制来编码蛋白质,且编码的蛋白质可进一步通过蛋白诱饵或其他作用机制来调控同源线性蛋白质或下游信号通路,进而发挥生物学功能。已有研究表明CircRNA在各种疾病发生发展中发挥重要作用,特别是参与肿瘤生长增殖、侵袭转移和免疫调节等发生发展过程中。因此,通过阐明编码CircRNA产生的蛋白质在肿瘤发生发展中的表达情况和作用机制,有望为肿瘤诊治提供新的肿瘤标志物和潜在靶点。