Research on the Balanced Development of Urban and Rural Compulsory Education Through Education Resource Allocation

With the rapid development of our country’s economy,education has gradually become the focus of social attention.The problem of unbalanced distribution of urban and rural educational resources has become increasingly prominent,urban educational resources are relatively rich,while rural educational resources are relatively scarce,and the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education has become an urgent task.This paper mainly investigates and studies the distribution of urban and rural educational resources,discusses the unbalanced distribution of urban and rural educational resources and analyzes the reasons,and puts forward a series of corresponding solutions to promote the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education.

Geospatial-Based Analysis of Balance in Elementary Education—Taking Elementary Schools in Changsha Five Core Districts as Examples

The balanced development of the elementary education sector has been a long goal pursued by the education departments of various places, and is also an outcome expected by the people. Based on a study of the equilibrium of the spatial distribution of the capacity saturation models of all the primary schools in Changsha’s (China) five core districts, the results show that the overall geographical distribution of the primary schools in Changsha is relatively balanced, based on the natural characteristics of Changsha, such as human geography, and the moderate gradient between the central urban area and the primary schools in the suburbs and outer suburbs. Then the Theil index model was introduced, and the results of the model analysis show that the differences between elementary schools in Changsha urban area are relatively small, and the main differences originate from between districts rather than within districts, and subtle differences among regions mainly reflect in the teacher strength.

Restrictions and Countermeasures of Rural Vocational Education in Urban-rural Integration

Developing rural vocational education is of great significance to urban-rural integration: developing rural vocational education is helpful to cultivating new farmers for construction of new socialist countryside,favorable to improving farmers' ability of finding jobs and starting undertaking, and beneficial to transfer of rural surplus labor and acceleration of urbanization. Restrictions on development rural vocational education mainly include: low value cognition of society and social assessment of rural vocational education; out of balance of cost and expected return of rural vocational education; the quality of supply of rural vocational education failure to satisfy demand of socio-economic development; imperfect rural vocational education system. In view of these,following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: strengthen propaganda and guidance to build environment of public opinion for rural vocational education; push forward rural vocational compulsory education system to lay social foundation for rural vocational education; reinforce policy support to assist in building rural vocational education system; improve education system to build overall framework of rural vocational education; perfect laws and regulations to establish system and norm for development of rural vocational education.

Balance between education and game-play— A case study of design and optimization of the mini-game book classification

Purpose： Based on our experience of designing and testing a computer-based game for teaching undergraduate students information literacy （IL） concepts and skills, this paper summarizes the basic strategies for striking a balance between education and entertainment for the designers of quality IL games. Design/methodology/approach： The project team recruited 10 college students to play the game and post-game group interviews revealed problems and optimization priorities. The optimized game was tested among 50 college students. Based on a comparison of testing results of the two versions of the game, basic strategies for designing quality 1L games were summarized. Findings： The following 5 basic strategies can effectively promote combination of education and entertainment： l） using adventure games to enhance gaming experience, 2） plotting an intriguing story to attract players, 3） motivating players to engage in game play with game components such as challenge, curiosity, fantasy and control, 4） presenting learning materials through game props, and 5） assigning players tasks to be completed with subject knowledge. Research limitations： The 5 basic strategies have been tested only in the development process of one game, and the book classification knowledge in the mini-game is limited to the 22 major categories of the Chinese Library Classification. Practical implications： University libraries may refer to our experience to design and utilize educational games to promote the IL education for college students. Originality value： Few empirical studies tested and summarized strategies for combining learning and fun in the design of IL games for university students. The 5 strategies, which are summarized in the process of design and optimization of the mini-game book classification, are valuable for other designers of IL games.

Rural Quality Education and the Balance between Urban and Rural Compulsory Education

On the basis of analyzing the gap between urban and rural quality education and the existing limiting factors to that in rural areas,a suggestion was proposed to promote the balanced development of rural quality education.

Comparative Research on the Reform and Exploration of Balancing Urban-Rural Development

Balancing urban and rural comprehensive reform is the major reform and developmental strategy of China. On the basis of the concept and theory of balancing rural and urban reform, the two national pilot cities Chengdu, Chongqing and several provincial pilot cities including Ningbo, Yangzhou, Shaoxing and Zigong are compared. The experiences and connotation of balancing urban and rural areas are concluded from the following four aspects. Firstly, scientific plan is a prerequisite; secondly, promoting "three collections" is the core; thirdly, developing people's livelihood is the basis; fourthly, organization security is the key.

Research on the Strategy for the Balanced Allocation of Educational Resources between Urban and Rural Areas in China

This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the current state,influencing factors,and strategies for the distribution of educational resources between urban and rural areas in China.It aims to provide an empirical foundation and specific recommendations for policymakers and educational practitioners.The research reveals significant disparities in teacher allocation,teaching facilities,and educational funding between urban and rural regions,which adversely impact the quality and equity of education.Despite national policies promoting educational equity,discrepancies in local implementation hinder the effectiveness of these policies.The study underscores the profound influence of education on social development,noting that educational gaps can restrict individual social mobility and affect overall societal progress and economic growth.Policy recommendations include increasing investment in rural education,establishing dynamic resource allocation mechanisms,enhancing rural teacher remuneration and social status,and promoting the application of educational technology.The study acknowledges limitations in sample selection and data collection,suggesting future research directions such as the impact of educational policies on specific groups and the psychosocial effects of educational inequality.Interdisciplinary research and systematic policy evaluation and feedback mechanisms are encouraged to ensure policies adapt to new educational demands.

Soil quality and sustainable land use in urban-rural marginal area: a case study of Kaifeng

By using the basic theories of physical geography, land resources and ecology, this article analyzes the soil quality of the rural-urban marginal area in Kaifeng. Computer techniques, based on soil samples analysis, are used to study soil quality changes in the Kaifeng’s rural-urban marginal area. While focusing on nutrient circle key links of input and output in soil, relying on numerous practical survey data, this article reveals clearly the impact of land use change on soil quality.

Educational divergence among urban residents and migrant workers: Evidence from China

While the Harris-Todaro model is a traditional approach used in researching the urban-rural dichotomy,it fails to explain families’goals to maximize their current utility in terms of intertemporal decision-making con‐ditions.To fill this gap,in this paper,an urban-rural dichotomy model involving labor migration and educa‐tion is established,in which it is assumed that family utility derives from consumption and children’s educa‐tional achievement.The steady-state path derived through the Bellman equation suggests that increasing edu‐cational investment and family education intensity leads to a significant urban-rural difference in children’s educational achievement.Compared with the traditional Harris-Todaro model,the transversality condition is loosened in this model,while the unavailability of loans constrains migrant families.Four hypotheses are made and tested using an empirical study.An ordinary least squares regression was used in the analysis,but due to the endogeneity caused by missing variables,the instrumental variable method and two-stage least squares regression were used.The results demonstrate that the household registration system can explain 44.5%of the educational achievement difference,and the initial difference is inflated 4.73 times after nine years of compulsory education.This divergence could increase the differences caused by household registra‐tion status,resulting in larger income gaps and intergenerational heredity of identities.

The Impact of Education Input on Labor Migration and Inequality in China

By introducing a general equilibrium framework to China's dual economic structure, this paper studies the microscopic mechanism of education input to narrow the urban-rural income gap and how to improve the allocation efficiency of education funds in China's "new normal" economy. The empirical analysis results show that education input is effective in narrowing the urban-rural income gap and achieving a Pareto improvement state in both direct and indirect ways. However, the effect of education input at different stages varies. In particular, the impact of compulsory education on improving inequality is more significant than the other education levels. With adjustment for the macroeconomic slowdown, raising fiscal expenditures on education can improve potential economic growth by promoting human capital accumulation and labor productivity in the long run. In all, education input can promote labor migration and narrow the urban-rural income gap, which is conducive to alleviating the contradiction of the structural transformation lag in employment and achieving inclusive growth targets.

The Contribution of Accounting for the Definition of Performance Indicators： The Case of Higher Education Institutions

The influence of the New Public Management （NPM） principles in Portuguese Public Administration, particularly in higher education, has led these institutions on a path of adaptation of structures and systems in order to improve their decision-making processes. Public organizations must, at the present, to consider the strategic issues that are of vitally importance to their survival. In this context, the Balanced Scorecard （BSC）, due to its intrinsic characteristics, is presented as value added in attempts to link the set of objectives with the corporate strategy; determining, a priori, a course of action that must be constantly monitored. Our research analyzes the issues underlining the development of a model of performance management based on the BSC and formatted to a higher education institution （HEI）. The analysis of the results confirms the viability of applying an evaluation model constructed within a specific framework. In addition, the analysis attests the importance of performance indicators in this model of evaluation, specifically those of accounting, and consequently, the added contribution they can make in the process of decision-making within HEI, particularly, in current times when the priority is to achieve more with fewer resources.

Positive Education

In modern times,the word“positive” has been given a new shade of meaning with its significant use and benefits in different fields,sweeping across the whole world in a powerful way leaving its footprint everywhere and has clearly stricken a chord with people who yearn for a better and virtuous cycle for our life,our future and the world.And today I want to apply this“positive”in our education field.Ever since the ancient times,people have been paying a lot of attention to education and how we can achieve a truly good education system that can be approved and recognized by the greatest number of people has always been a dream many generations work arduously for.And here I want to use a metaphor to put forward this“positive education”idea.

数字技术赋能城乡义务教育一体化发展路径研究——数字技术促进乡村教育高质量发展

城乡义务教育一体化发展是党中央、国务院促进教育公平和教育事业协调发展的重大决策。2021年底,尽管全国2895个县级行政单位均通过了国家义务教育基本均衡发展督导评估,但是乡村地区仍存在师生流失、学校萎缩、教育教学条件相对滞后、教育资源配置不足等问题。文章通过文献和调查研究,分析了城乡义务教育一体化演进中存在的问题,并在数字技术赋能机理分析的基础上,主要针对城乡义务教育一体化发展中政策落实不到位、教育质量低下、乡村教师专业发展薄弱、工学矛盾和数字鸿沟等根本性问题,从教育数字化政策的顶层设计、结对帮扶、国家和地方中小学智慧教育平台应用、以校为本的教师培训、智能终端和数字化教学辅助工具完善等层面,提出了数字技术赋能城乡义务教育一体化发展的路径。

如何优化乡村小规模学校布局

乡村小规模学校布局优化是城乡教育一体化发展的重点和难点,更是确保乡村儿童接受公平优质教育的重要基础。但现实中,小规模学校布局仍存在诸多问题:布局分散程度高;决策中缺少科学的程序和技术;布局规划中学校教育资源不足、弱势学生入学机会不均等;校际空间隔离,跨校资源共享难以稳定持续等。因此,应进一步明确小规模学校布局优化的逻辑理路:以教育规划理论引领布局优化的教育功能发挥;以“公平、效率、质量”框架重构布局规划目标;以“集中+分散”布局结构为乡村振兴奠定教育服务基础;以“入学可达性提升”促进乡村儿童入学机会均等;以资源均衡配置促进城乡学校一体化发展。同时,围绕“空间可达、服务范围、学校规模、校际发展优质均衡程度、能否促进学校传承乡土文化”等维度因地制宜设置学校布局标准,并提供支持性策略,主要包括:综合区位因素,构建小规模学校布局与乡村振兴规划融合系统;以参与式GIS技术为基础,优化学校布局规划程序;强化各级政府责任,妥善处理好布局规划中的伴生问题;共享教育资源,促进小规模学校与县镇学校一体化发展。

混合同步课堂在地化创新的动因、成效及可持续发展机制

大道之行,天下为公,义务教育均衡发展是中国特色社会主义的应有之义。混合同步课堂是我国构建城乡学校共同体,实现义务教育均衡发展的重要ICT手段。然而,混合同步课堂的区域在地化发展面临管理不当、协同不足、机制缺乏等问题,存在叫停的现象。其中,主要原因在于中小学校缺乏混合同步课堂促进教育均衡发展的一手可靠经验。校长是教育改革创新的代理人。创新扩散理论被广泛用于教育创新实践研究。基于此,研究采用案例研究法,从校长视角,以创新扩散理论为框架,选取合适案例,深入剖析混合同步课堂区域在地化创新的动因、成效及可持续发展机制。研究结果表明,以严峻的现实教育问题为主体,以内部创新意识及外部政策为两翼的先决条件为混合同步课堂的在地化发展提供了适宜孵化场。其次,即使混合同步课堂具有一定的复杂性,但因其相对优势、较好的兼容性、可试验性及可观察性而落地。最后,混合同步课堂促进义务教育均衡发展的立体、多维成效得以确认,富有人文属性的创新机制保障了其在地化的可持续发展。研究结果将为更大范围内混合同步课堂的创新扩散提供经验依循。

基础教育集团化办学的“内卷化”困境及其纾解

集团化办学是我国基础教育领域的创新之举,其在扩大优质教育资源配置、带动薄弱学校协同发展、推进教育均衡发展等方面发挥了重要作用,但也出现了办学规模扩大、教育质量下滑或无效发展等问题。研究借助“内卷化”理论话语,透析当前基础教育集团化办学存在“科层制”权力运行模式衍生权力结构内卷化,错综的关系网络环境导致人际关系复杂化,“依赖性”的发展思维与路径致使发展动力外在化,过度的市场迎合取向造成优质资源供需失衡化等“内卷化”困境。纾解基础教育集团化办学“内卷化”困境可夯实学校共同体建设,建构多元主体权力结构;加强监管与法治建设,破除关系网络顽疾;激发薄弱学校内在发展动力,助力优质资源再创生;调适集团化办学规模,回归学校教育初心。

医护一体化模式对前庭外周性眩晕病人眩晕症状及负性情绪的影响

目的:探讨医护一体化模式对前庭外周性眩晕病人的眩晕症状、焦虑抑郁负性情绪的影响。方法:选取2022年10月—2023年3月某三级甲等医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科行住院治疗的前庭外周性眩晕病人120例,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组60例。对照组实施常规诊疗护理工作模式,试验组实施医护一体化模式,干预2周后观察两组病人的眩晕、平衡状况和焦虑、抑郁负性情绪。结果:干预后两组病人眩晕、平衡状况较干预前均有所改善,两组病人眩晕障碍量表评分、Berg平衡量表评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。负性情绪方面,干预后两组病人较干预前均有所改善,试验组更早缓解了病人焦虑、抑郁情绪(P<0.05)。两组病人负性情绪干预2周后与1周后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:将医护一体化模式应用于前庭外周性眩晕病人,能更早改善病人眩晕症状,缓解其负性情绪,加快病人康复。

我国义务教育优质均衡发展的现实困境与战略选择

义务教育优质均衡发展是我国义务教育发展的新目标、新任务。义务教育优质均衡发展和城乡一体化是两个紧密相连的动态过程,二者相互依存、相互促进、相互融合。由于城乡之间在经济发展、体制机制、社会文化和资源配置等方面长期以来存在较大差距,我国在推动实现义务教育优质均衡发展进程中,仍然面临义务教育评价功利化、多主体协作浅表化、乡村文化底蕴流失、软硬件资源投入不均等困境。为解决这些困境,需要从价值引导、政策推动、文化认同和历史趋向的角度厘清义务教育优质均衡发展的内在逻辑理路,进而搭建城乡义务教育优质均衡发展的逻辑架构,为我国义务教育城乡一体化发展提供战略选择。

义务教育优质均衡发展筑基教育强国建设的逻辑与路径

教育强国建设是教育系统性跃升的本体价值和教育促进国家强盛的国家价值互为统一的时代战略课题。建设教育强国,基点在基础教育。义务教育优质均衡发展是基础教育高质量发展的核心和基本的民生福祉,对教育强国建设具有筑基价值。义务教育优质均衡发展筑基教育强国建设的逻辑体现为教育强国建设和义务教育优质均衡发展在新时代的同频共振,其两大支柱是均衡和优质,其双重轨道是关键事件和主体责任。实现学生健康全面个性发展的复合性升级是筑基教育强国建设的根本内核,城乡整体发展的公平性升级是筑基教育强国建设的重要保障,激发学校活力的多元性升级以及教师素养的专业性升级是筑基教育强国建设的核心内容。针对义务教育优质均衡发展在筑基中面临的挑战,应完善公共服务规制体系和提升政府空间治理效能,以夯实教育强国坚实底盘;促进校际空间动态融合和构建校内差异空间升级,以筑牢教育强国重要阵地;实现师资空间正义和拓展教师专业成长空间,以铸就教育强国中坚力量;构建数字教育的公平空间和推动数字技术赋能,以激发教育强国动能升级;保障群体发展公平和打造良好育人生态空间,以筑牢教育强国人才基础。

义务教育从基本均衡转向优质均衡的价值基础、逻辑理路和实践路径

着力推进义务教育基本均衡向优质均衡转变,是新时代新征程办好人民满意教育的重要部署之一,需要从价值基础、逻辑理路和实践路径3方面厘清基本均衡和优质均衡,以更好地促进义务教育优质均衡发展。对历史走向的梳理和政策分析表明,义务教育均衡发展的价值起点在于坚持人民立场,要在过程中注重深化义务教育质量的改革,以办好人民满意的教育为落脚点。在基本均衡向优质均衡转变的过程中,以起点公平、过程公平和结果公平3个过程梳理其逻辑理路,首先是要深入贯彻以学生为本的思想,确保受教育权的平等;其次是在过程中要调和教育公平和效率之间错综复杂的关系,推动兼顾效率和公平的特色化发展;最后是关注教育结果公平,让每个孩子都有出彩的机会。在实践逻辑方面,从学校、社会和国家3个不同层面来推动优质均衡发展:简政放权以激发学校办学活力,构建正义的教育问责制以保障社会公平,借鉴国外经验、坚持本土特色以探寻中国式优质均衡的策略和方法。