Treatment of portosystemic shunt-borne hepatic encephalopathy in a 97-year-old woman using balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration:A case report

BACKGROUND Hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy are common in patients with portosystemic shunts.Surgical shunt occlusion has been standard treatment,although recently the less invasive balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration(B-RTO)has gained increasing attention.Thus far,there have been no reports on the treatment of portosystemic shunts with B-RTO in patients aged over 90 years.In this study,we present a case of hepatic encephalopathy caused by shunting of the left common iliac and inferior mesenteric veins,successfully treated with B-RTO.CASE SUMMARY A 97-year-old woman with no history of liver disease was admitted to our hospital because of disturbance of consciousness.She had no jaundice,spider angioma,palmar erythema,hepatosplenomegaly,or asterixis.Her blood tests showed hyperammonemia,and abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a portosystemic shunt running between the left common iliac vein and the inferior mesenteric vein.She was diagnosed with hepatic encephalopathy secondary to a portosystemic shunt.The patient did not improve with conservative treatment:Lactulose,rifaximin,and a low-protein diet.B-RTO was performed,which resulted in shunt closure and improvement in hyperammonemia and disturbance of consciousness.Moreover,there was no abdominal pain or elevated levels of liver enzymes due to complications.The patient was discharged without further consciousness disturbance.CONCLUSION Portosystemic shunt-borne hepatic encephalopathy must be considered in the differential diagnosis for consciousness disturbance,including abnormal behavior and speech.

Near-infrared cholangiography with intragallbladder indocyanine green injection in minimally invasive cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)remains one of the most commonly performed procedures in adult and paediatric populations.Despite the advances made in intraoperative biliary anatomy recognition,iatrogenic bile duct injuries during LC represent a fatal complication and consist an economic burden for healthcare systems.A series of methods have been proposed to prevent bile duct injury,among them the use of indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence.The most commonly reported method of ICG injection is the intravenous administration,while literature is lacking studies investigating the direct intragallbladder ICG injection.This narrative mini-review aims to assess the potential applications,usefulness,and limitations of intragallbladder ICG fluorescence in LC.Authors screened the available international literature to identify the reports of intragallbladder ICG fluorescence imaging in minimally invasive cholecystectomy,as well as special issues regarding its use.Literature search retrieved four prospective cohort studies,three case-control studies,and one case report.In the three case-control studies selected,intragallbladder near-infrared cholangiography(NIRC)was compared with standard LC under white light,with intravenous administration of ICG for NIRC and with standard intraoperative cholangiography(IOC).In total,133 patients reported in the literature have been administered intragallbladder ICG administration for biliary mapping during LC.Literature includes several reports of intragallbladder ICG administration,but a standardized technique has not been established yet.Published data suggest that NIRC with intragallbladder ICG injection is a promising method to achieve biliary mapping,overwhelming limitations of IOC including intervention and radiation exposure,as well as the high hepatic parenchyma signal and time interval needed in intravenous ICG fluorescence.Evidence-based guidelines on the role of intragallbladder ICG fluorescence in LC require the assessment of further studies and multicenter data collection into large registries.

Balloon-occluded transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) is widely accepted as a treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the intermediate stage according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC) guidelines. Recently, balloon-occluded TACE(B-TACE) was developed in Japan. Despite the lack of a clear definition, B-TACE is generally defined as the infusion of emulsion of chemotherapeutic agents with lipiodol followed by gelatin particles under the occlusion of feeding arteries by a microballoon catheter, which leads to the dense lipiodol emulsion(LE) accumulation in HCC nodules. This phenomenon cannot be explained only by the prevention of proximal migration and leakage of embolization materials; it further involves causing local changes in the hemodynamics of the surrounding occlusion artery and targeted HCC nodules. Balloon-occluded arterial stump pressure plays an important role in the dense LE accumulation in targeted HCC nodules. Although randomized controlled trials comparing the therapeutic effect and the prognosis of B-TACE to those of the other TACE procedures, such as conventional-TACE and drug-eluting beads TACE, are still lacking, B-TACE is thought to be a promising treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the mechanism, therapeutic effect, indication, prognosis and complications of BTACE.

Efficacy of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration, percutaneous transhepatic obliteration and combined techniques for the management of gastric fundal varices

AIM： To evaluate the effect of three interventional treatments involving transvenous obliteration for the treatment of gastric varices, and to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of these methods, METHODS： From 1995 to 2004, 93 patients with gastric fundal varices underwent interventional radiologic embolotherapy at our hospital. Of the 93 patients, 75 were treated with the balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration （BRTO） procedure; 8 were with the percutaneous transhepatic obliteration （PTO） procedure; and 10 were with the combined BRTO and PTO therapy. A follow-up evaluation examined the rates of survival, recurrence and rebleeding of the gastric varices, worsening of esophageal varices and complications in each group. RESULTS： The BRTO, PTO, and combined therapy were technically successful in 81% （75/93）, 44% （8/18）, and 100% （10/10） patients, respectively. Recurrence of gastric varices was found in 3 patients in the BRTO group and in 3 patients in the PTO group. Rebleeding was observed in 1 patient in the BRTO group and in 1 patient in the PTO group. The 1- and 3-year survival rates were 98% and 87% in the patients without hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） in the BRTO group, 100% and 100% in the PTO group, and 90% and 75% in the combined therapy group, respectively. CONCLUSION： Combined BRTO and PTO therapy may rescue cases with uncontrollable gastric fundal varices that remained even after treatment with BRTO and/or PTO, though there were limitations of our study, including retrospective nature and discrepancy in sample size between the BRTO, PTO and combined therapy groups.

Ruptured high flow gastric varices with an intratumoral arterioportal shunt treated with balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration during temporary balloon occlusion of a hepatic artery

A patient presented with hematemesis due to gastric variceal bleeding with an intratumoral arterioportal shunt. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed gastric varices and hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombi in the right portal vein. Angiography and angio-CT revealed a marked intratumoral arterioportal shunt accompanied with reflux into the main portal vein and gastric varices. Balloon-occluded retrograde venography from the gastro-renal shunt showed no visualization of gastric varices due to rapid blood flow through the intratumoral arterioportal shunt. The hepatic artery was temporarily occluded with a balloon catheter to reduce the blood flow through the arterioportal shunt, and then concurrent balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration （BRTO） was achieved. Vital signs stabilized immediately thereafter, and contrast-enhanced CT revealed thrombosed gastric varices. Worsening of hepatic function was not recognized. BRTO combined with temporary occlusion of the hepatic artery is a feasible interventional procedure for ruptured high flow gastric varices with an intratumoral arterioportal shunt.

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for treatment of gastric varices

Rupture of gastric varices(GVs)can be fatal.Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration(BRTO),as known as retrograde sclerotherapy,has been widely adopted for treatment of GVs because of its effectiveness,ability to cure,and utility in emergency and prophylactic treatment.Simplifying the route of blood flow from GVs to the gastrorenal shunt is important for the successful BRTO.This review outlines BRTO indications and contraindications,describes basic BRTO procedures and modifications,compares BRTO with other GVs treatments,and discusses various combination therapies.Combined BRTO and partial splenic embolization may prevent exacerbation of esophageal varices and shows promise as a treatment option.

Transhepatic catheter-directed thrombolysis for portal vein thrombosis after partial splenic embolization in combination with balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of splenorenal shunt

A 66-year-old woman underwent partial splenic embolization （PSE） for hypersplenisrn with idiopathic portal hypertension （IPH）. One week later, contrast-enhanced CT revealed extensive portal vein thrombosis （PVT） and dilated portosystemic shunts. The PVT was not dissolved by the intravenous administration of urokinase. The right portal vein was canulated via the percutaneous transhepatic route under ultrasonic guidance and a 4 Fr. straight catheter was advanced into the portal vein through the thrombus. Transhepatic catheter-directed thrombolysis was performed to dissolve the PVT and a splenorenal shunt was concurrently occluded to increase portal blood flow, using balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration （BRTO） technique. Subsequent contrast-enhanced CT showed good patency of the portal vein and thrombosed splenorenal shunt. Transhepatic catheter-directed thrombolysis combined with BRTO is feasible and effective for PVT with portosystemic shunts.

Successful balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for bleeding duodenal varices using cyanoacrylate

A 76-year-old woman with hepatitis C cirrhosis presented with tarry stools and hematemesis.An endoscopy demonstrated bleeding duodenal varices in the second portion of the duodenum.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed markedly tortuous varices around the wall in the duodenum.Several afferent veins appeared to have developed,and the right ovarian vein draining into the inferior vena cava was detected as an efferent vein.Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) of the varices using cyanoacrylate was successfully performed in combination with the temporary occlusion of the portal vein.Although no previous publications have used cyanoacrylate as an embolic agent for BRTO to control bleeding duodenal varices,this strategy can be considered as an alternative procedure to conventional BRTO using ethanolamine oleate when numerous afferent vessels that cannot be embolized are present.

Emergency balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of ruptured gastric varices

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of emergency balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration(BRTO) for ruptured gastric varices.METHODS: Emergency BRTO was performed in 17 patients with gastric varices and gastrorenal or gastrocaval shunts within 24 h of hematemesis and/or tarry stool.The gastric varices were confirmed by endoscopy,and the gastrorenal or gastrocaval shunts were identified by contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CE-CT).A 6-Fr balloon catheter(Cobra type) was inserted into the gastrorenal shunt via the right internal jugular vein,or into the gastrocaval shunt via the right femoral vein,depending on the varices drainage route.The sclerosant,5% ethanolamine oleate iopamidol,was injected into the gastric varices through the catheter during balloon occlusion.In patients with incom plete thrombosis of the varices after the first BRTO,a second BRTO was performed the following day.Patients were followed up by endoscopy and CE-CT at 1 d,1 wk,and 1,3 and 6 mo after the procedure,and every 6 mo thereafter.RESULTS: Complete thrombosis of the gastric varices was not achieved with the first BRTO in 7/17 patients because of large gastric varices.These patients underwent a second BRTO on the next day,and additional sclerosant was injected through the catheter.Complete thrombosis which led to disappearance of the varices was achieved in 16/17 patients,while the remaining patient had incomplete thrombosis of the varices.None of the patients experienced rebleeding or recurrence of the gastric varices after a median follow-up of 1130 d(range 8-2739 d).No major complications occurred after the procedure.However,esophageal varices worsened in 5/17 patients after a mean follow-up of 8.6 mo.CONCLUSION: Emergency BRTO is an effective and safe treatment for ruptured gastric varices.

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for gastric varices via the intercostal vein

Gastric varices are usually associated with a gastrorenal(G-R) shunt.However,the gastric varices described in this case report were not associated with a G-R shunt.The inflow vessel was the posterior gastric vein and the outflow vessels were the narrow inferior phrenic vein and the dilated cardio-phrenic vein.First,percutaneous transhepatic obliteration of the posterior gastric vein was performed,but the gastric varices remained patent.Then,micro-balloon catheterization of the subphrenic vein was carried out via the jugular vein,pericardial vein and cardio-phrenic vein,however,micro-balloon-occluded inferior phrenic venography followed by micro-coil embolization of the cardio-phrenic vein revealed no delineation of gastric varices resulting in no further treatment.Thereafter,as a gastrosubphrenic-intercostal vein shunt developed,a microballoon catheter was advanced to the gastric varices via the intercostal vein and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration(BRTO) was performed resulting in the eradication of gastric varices.BRTO for gastric varices via the intercostal vein has not previously been documented.

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration with lauromacrogol sclerosant foam for gastric varices

Objectives:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration(BRTO)using lauromacrogol sclerosant foam for gastric varices(GVs)with gastrorenal venous shunts.Methods:Data of GV patients treated with BRTO using lauromacrogol sclerosant foam in 2016–2020 were retrospectively analyzed along with procedural success rate,complications,and follow-up efficacy.Results:A total of 31 patients were treated with BRTO.The sclerosant foam was prepared by mixing iodinated oil,lauromacrogol,and air at a 1:2:3 ratio.The BRTO procedure was successfully completed in 93.5%of patients.One patient was allergic to the lauromacrogol injection.A mild postoperative fever occurred in three patients.One patient experienced grand mal seizures after the procedure.There was no significant difference in the median Child-Turcotte-Pugh scores before versus after BRTO.Complete GV resolution was observed in 93.1%of patients.One patient underwent endoscopic treatment for the development of high-risk esophageal varices.Another patient underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement for the aggravation of ascites.Conclusions:Lauromacrogol sclerosant foam is safe and effective in patients undergoing BRTO for GV.

Ectopic Ascending Colonic Variceal Bleeding Treated with Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration in a Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis Patient—A Hepatology Perspective

Ectopic colonic varices development from liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension is uncommon. They are part of the spectrum of portal hypertensive colopathy. Colonic variceal bleeding remains a rare cause of lower gastrointestinal tract (GI) bleeding. Due to the paucity of cases, there are no well-established conventional treatments for bleeding colonic varices. Different treatments have been reported. Here, we report a case of a 55-year-old gentleman, with a history of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, presenting with severe lower GI bleeding and symptomatic anaemia. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed large esophageal varices with high-risk bleeding stigmata requiring endoscopic variceal ligation. A cross-sectional computed tomography scan showed colonic portosystemic shunts. In light of this and that the severe lower GI bleeding seemed out of proportion to the esophageal varices seen on upper endoscopy, an urgent unprepped colonoscopy was performed which revealed possible bleeding diverticula disease which required endoscopic mechanical hemoclip therapy. However, despite this, patient had recurrence of lower GI bleeding prompting a second colonoscopy. This relook colonoscopy showed ectopic ascending colon varices with high-risk bleeding stigmata. High-dose intravenous vasoactive agent somatostatin (500 mcg/hour) and subsequently terlipressin (2 mg every 4 hours) were used. The patient subsequently underwent successful balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) and sclerotherapy. The non-selective beta-blocker (NSBB) carvedilol was started and bridged together with the vasoactive agent until stabilisation of portal hypertension. This difficult case illustrates the dynamic nature of portal hypertensive bleeding. It also highlights the presence of confounding non-variceal pathology complicating diagnosis of portal hypertensive colonic variceal bleeding, and that ectopic ascending colonic variceal bleeding can be treated successfully with B-RTO and sclerotherapy, with meticulous titration of high-dose vasoactive agents and NSBB, in a decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis patient.

Usefulness of intra-procedural cone-beam computed tomography in modified balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of gastric varices

AIM:To evaluate whether intra-procedural conebeam computed tomography(CBCT)performed during modified balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration(mB RTO)can accurately determine technical success of complete variceal obliteration.METHODS:From June 2012 to December 2014,15 patients who received CBCT during m BRTO for treatment of portal hypertensive gastric variceal bleeding were retrospectively evaluated.Three-dimensional(3D)CBCT images were performed and evaluated prior to the end of the procedure,and these were further analyzed and compared to the pre-procedure contrast-enhanced computed tomography to determine the technical success of m BRTO including:Complete occlusion/obliteration of:(1)gastrorenal shunt(GRS);(2)gastric varices;and(3)afferent feeding veins.Post-mB RTO contrast-enhanced CT was used to confirm the accuracy and diagnostic value of CBCT within 2-3 d.RESULTS:Intra-procedural 3D-CBCT images were 100% accurate in determining the technical success of m BRTO in all 15 cases.CBCT demonstrated complete occlusion/obliteration of GRS,gastric varices,collaterals and afferent feeding veins during m BRTO,which was confirmed with post-m BRTO CT.Two patients showed incomplete obliteration of gastric varices and feeding veins on CBCT,which therefore required additional gelfoam injections to complete the procedure.No patient required additional procedures or other interventions during their follow-up period(684 ± 279 d).CONCLUSION:CBCT during mB RTO appears to accurately and immediately determine the technical success of mB RTO.This may improve the technical and clinical success/outcome of m BRTO and reduce additional procedure time in the future.

超声引导下经皮肝穿刺胆管引流与内镜逆行胰胆管造影会师术的临床价值

目的 探讨超声引导下经皮肝穿刺胆管引流(PTCD)与内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)会师术的临床应用价值。方法 选取我院常规行ERCP治疗困难或失败患者17例,应用超声引导下PTCD与ERCP会师术完成诊断及治疗,比较术前及术后2 d临床症状及实验室指标的差异,观察并发症发生情况。结果 17例患者均成功完成PTCD与ERCP会师术治疗,其中采取右侧肝内胆管穿刺16例,左侧肝内胆管穿刺1例;对胆总管结石患者行内镜下取石和鼻胆管放置,对胆管梗阻或狭窄患者行胆管扩张及支架置入术。会师术前与术后2 d血白细胞计数、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶及血清淀粉酶水平比较,差异均无统计学意义;总胆红素、直接胆红素水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。术后患者胆管梗阻症状完全解除,均无严重并发症发生。结论 超声引导下PTCD与ERCP会师术成功率高、安全性好,具有较好的临床价值。

腹腔镜技术在婴幼儿梗阻性黄疸诊治中的应用价值

目的探讨腹腔镜技术在婴幼儿梗阻性黄疸诊治中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析51例梗阻性黄疸婴幼儿的临床资料。所有患儿均接受腹腔镜微创探查术及胆道造影。根据检查结果,胆汁淤积症及胆管发育不良患儿均经胆囊造瘘管行胆道冲洗术,胆道闭锁患儿接受Kasai胆道重建手术。比较术前及术后1周、2周、3周、4周、2个月胆汁淤积症及胆管发育不良患儿的直接胆红素、ALT、AST水平,记录胆道闭锁患儿的黄疸消退情况。结果51例梗阻性黄疸婴幼儿中胆道闭锁17例,胆汁淤积症32例,胆管发育不良2例。胆汁淤积症患儿术后2周、3周、4周、2个月的直接胆红素、ALT水平低于术前,术后4周、2个月的AST水平低于术前(P<0.05)。2例胆管发育不良患儿术后2个月的直接胆红素、ALT、AST水平较术前有不同程度的下降。胆道闭锁患儿中有12例行Kasai胆道重建手术,术后黄疸消退满意者9例、消退不明显者3例。结论对于日龄满30 d的梗阻性黄疸婴幼儿,经内科系统保守治疗无效时,应尽早行腹腔镜胆道探查及胆道造影术,以提高诊断的准确率,并尽早治疗,以改善患儿预后。

吲哚菁绿荧光胆道造影技术应用于困难型腹腔镜胆囊切除术的Meta分析

目的:评价吲哚菁绿荧光胆道造影技术应用于困难型腹腔镜胆囊切除术的有效性。方法:检索中国知网、维普数据库、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库建库至2023年6月的相关文献,按照纳入与排除标准进行筛选后,对纳入的文献进行资料提取与质量评价,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入24篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,吲哚菁绿组识别胆道结构时间(MD=-14.28,95%CI=-19.42~-9.14,P<0.05)、手术时间(MD=-19.56,95%CI=-24.39~-14.72,P<0.05)、术后住院时间(MD=-0.69,95%CI=-1.03~-0.36,P<0.05)、术后引流时间(MD=-0.78,95%CI=-1.17~-0.38,P<0.05)短于传统组,胆管损伤率(OR=0.22,95%CI=0.11~0.44,P<0.05)、中转开腹率(OR=0.40,95%CI=0.22~0.72,P<0.05)、术后并发症发生率(OR=0.42,95%CI=0.28~0.65,P<0.05)低于传统组,术中失血量(MD=-17.97,95%CI=-24.67~-11.26,P<0.05)少于传统组,解剖前肝总管(OR=8.41,95%CI=4.65~15.21,P<0.05)、胆囊管(OR=4.21,95%CI=2.80~6.33,P<0.05)、胆总管(OR=9.64,95%CI=6.02~15.44,P<0.05)识别率均高于传统组。结论:吲哚菁绿荧光胆道造影技术为困难的腹腔镜胆囊切除术提供了新的胆道显影方式,可提高手术安全性,减少术中副损伤及术后并发症的发生。

比较3.0T与5.0T MR胆胰管造影图像质量

目的比较3.0T与5.0T MR胆胰管造影(MRCP)图像质量。方法前瞻性纳入18例胆管扩张患者(胆管扩张组)和7名健康志愿者(健康组),采用3.0T和5.0T MR仪行MRCP,比较二者显示胆管树细节能力、信噪比(SNR)及图像伪影。结果胆管扩张组中,5.0T MRCP所示胆管树分支数目、分支总长度及最大分支长度均大于3.0T MRCP(P均<0.05);健康组中,5.0T MRCP所示胆管树分支数目及分支总长度均大于3.0T MRCP(P均<0.05)。2组5.0T MRCP的SNR均大于3.0T MRCP,但差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。3.0T与5.0T MRCP图像伪影差异无统计学意义(P=0.054)。结论5.0T MRCP所示胆管树解剖细节较3.0T MRCP更佳,而其SNR及图像伪影与后者相当。

吲哚青绿近红外荧光胆道造影指导腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石患者疗效研究

目的探讨应用吲哚青绿(ICG)近红外荧光胆道造影指导腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗胆囊结石患者的效果。方法2019年3月~2022年8月我院收治的胆囊结石患者172例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组,每组86例。在对照组,采用常规LC术;在观察组,采用ICG近红外荧光胆道造影下指导行LC术。随访,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析LC术后发生并发症的影响因素。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量和住院时间分别为(38.4±3.8)min、(65.1±6.4)mL和(4.6±0.4)d,均显著短于或少于对照组【分别为(49.7±4.7)min、(85.3±8.4)mL和(6.5±0.7)d,P<0.05】;随访发现,术后观察组并发症发生率为4.6%,显著低于对照组的15.1%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);在172例患者中,术后发生并发症者17例,发生并发症组患者年龄大于60岁、体质指数大于≥27 kg/m^(2)、合并糖尿病、有慢性胆囊炎病史、术中出血量≥70 mL和未进行ICG胆道造影的比率分别为70.6%、52.9%、64.7%、94.1%、76.5%和0.0%,与未发生并发症组(分别为34.8%、27.7%、37.4%、62.6%、47.1%和72.9%)比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、合并糖尿病、术中出血量和术中是否进行ICG近红外荧光胆道造影与LC术后发生并发症独立相关(P均<0.05)。结论采用ICG近红外荧光胆道造影指导行LC术治疗胆囊结石患者可减少术中出血量,降低术后并发症发生率,值得扩大临床验证。

吲哚菁绿荧光显影在急性厚壁胆囊炎腔镜切除术中的应用

目的分析评估吲哚菁绿(ICG)荧光显影技术在腹腔镜下急性厚壁胆囊炎切除术中的应用价值。方法收集2020年2月至2022年8月行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术的患者61例,根据腹腔镜术中成像方式不同分为传统组34例和荧光组27例,比较两组患者一般资料和术前、术中、术后情况。结果荧光组首次胆囊三角解剖时间(Z=-6.451,P<0.001)、手术时间(Z=-5.23,P<0.001)、术中出血量(Z=-4.774,P<0.001)明显优于传统组,术后胆漏发生、引流管留置时间和住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ICG荧光显影技术的应用使术者在厚壁急性胆囊炎腹腔镜切除术中解剖更清晰,手术时间缩短,术后并发症减少,加快患者康复,值得临床应用推广。

肝移植术后胆道吻合口狭窄的诊疗进展

近年来,随着器官保存、手术技术、围手术期管理及免疫抑制方案的发展,肝移植手术成功率和受者生存率明显提高,已成为终末期肝病患者的最佳治疗方案。但胆道并发症依然是肝移植术后常见的并发症,尤其是胆道吻合口狭窄,严重的胆道吻合口狭窄不仅会增加治疗成本,还会导致移植物丢失,甚至影响受者生存率。因此,胆道吻合口狭窄的及时诊断和治疗对于提高肝移植术后受者生存率至关重要。本文就肝移植术后胆道吻合口狭窄的危险因素、临床症状、诊断及治疗进行综述,以期为肝移植术后胆道吻合口狭窄的研究和诊疗提供新的思路,进一步提高肝移植手术效果和受者生存质量。