ObjectiveTo present the geographical map of malaria and identify some of the important environmental factors of this disease in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran.MethodsWe used the registered malaria data to compu...ObjectiveTo present the geographical map of malaria and identify some of the important environmental factors of this disease in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran.MethodsWe used the registered malaria data to compute the standard incidence rates (SIRs) of malaria in different areas of Sistan and Baluchistan province for a nine-year period (from 2001 to 2009). Statistical analyses consisted of two different parts: geographical mapping of malaria incidence rates, and modeling the environmental factors. The empirical Bayesian estimates of malaria SIRs were utilized for geographical mapping of malaria and a Poisson random effects model was used for assessing the effect of environmental factors on malaria SIRs.ResultsIn general, 64 926 new cases of malaria were registered in Sistan and Baluchistan Province from 2001 to 2009. Among them, 42 695 patients (65.8%) were male and 22 231 patients (34.2%) were female. Modeling the environmental factors showed that malaria incidence rates had positive relationship with humidity, elevation, average minimum temperature and average maximum temperature, while rainfall had negative effect on malaria SIRs in this province.ConclusionsThe results of the present study reveals that malaria is still a serious health problem in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran. Geographical map and related environmental factors of malaria can help the health policy makers to intervene in high risk areas more efficiently and allocate the resources in a proper manner.展开更多
Limitation of fossil energy reserves in the world and increasing level of energy consumption, have always challenged human to replace new energy sources. Meanwhile, wind power as one of the new aspects of energy is of...Limitation of fossil energy reserves in the world and increasing level of energy consumption, have always challenged human to replace new energy sources. Meanwhile, wind power as one of the new aspects of energy is of a special place. Due to the topography of the Sistan and Baluchistan province and its relative position, it is one of the best places to build wind farms. The aim of this study was to determine suitable locations for the construction of wind farms in the province. The following criteria were considered for various standards and due to the importance of data integration, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was selected and implemented to weight the layer through Expert choice software. ArcGIS was used for layers spatial analysis and overlapping. After data analysis, the studied region, in terms of the susceptibility to build wind farms, was divided into four levels: excellent, good, fair, weak. Results indicated that GIS as a supportive and decision making system is helpful preparing data and modeling priorities and experts comments regarding various factors and help designers selecting a suitable place to build wind farms. In this study, we determined three priorities for the construction of wind farms, taking into account the limited overlap and conformity of limitations map and locating, the area of prioritized region, climate and the field observations;the priority order is excellent, good, average, including Zabol, central regions in Zabol and Chabahar.展开更多
In this paper for the first time we reported Doria＇s comb fingered gecko, Stenodactylus doriae （Blanford, 1874）, during night searching, from the Parak area in Sistan ＆ Baluchistan province, southeastern Iran. Dis...In this paper for the first time we reported Doria＇s comb fingered gecko, Stenodactylus doriae （Blanford, 1874）, during night searching, from the Parak area in Sistan ＆ Baluchistan province, southeastern Iran. Distance of collected specimens in this study is 800 km far away from the previous reports of this species in Iran in the coastal plain of Fars and Kerman provinces as well as the lower Mesopotamian plain in Khuzestan. Our specimens were collected during night on loose sand among scattered low desert shrubs. New updated distribution map for the species is presented which extends the distribution of this lizard into eastern and southeastern Iran. Morphometrics and morphological characters of the collected specimens along with notes on ecological aspects of the study area are provided.展开更多
A survey uses this new information: the statistical calculation and interpretation to determine the characteristics of sediments in the reservoir’s “Dodar Ladiz” dam. It is a useful and efficient way to use clay mi...A survey uses this new information: the statistical calculation and interpretation to determine the characteristics of sediments in the reservoir’s “Dodar Ladiz” dam. It is a useful and efficient way to use clay minerals as mineral tracer for identifying the sources and assessing erosion rate in the Dodar Ladiz dam watershed in a statistical method. The existence of four main clay minerals includes Kaolinite, Montmorillonite, Illite and Chlorite. The estimated watershed erosion rate is 2220.64 tons per square kilometer per year. Data ANOVA table in the inter/intra group communication of the clay minerals in the Dodar Ladiz dam watershed samples is shown by F-test statistics;there is a significant difference between the frequency of clay minerals in the samples with 95% confidence rate (P value < 0.05). Therefore, they can be divided into six groups. The average rates of the clay minerals are not equal in any of homogeneous hydrological reservoir units of the dam. Kruskal-Wallis test shows that the rate of frequency of Iolite mineral is identical among all samples of the hydrologic units and the dam reservoir;this mineral cannot be used as a tracer to identify the source. Reviewing the obtained data from statistical tests and studying clay minerals as a trace in determining the rate of degradation of upstream catchment “Dodar Ladiz” dam, it shows that the maximum annual erosion rate is 994.85 tons per sq/km, in the basin A within a 105.13 square kilometers area. Among the most important factors involving erosion and production of basin sediments, we can refer to lithology as the most critical factor and tectonic features, topography and climate as minor factors.展开更多
A new record of Acanthodactylus cantoris from Sistan and Baluchistan in southeastern Iran is presented in this paper,and this lizard is found occurring in the coastal area of the Persian Gulf from Govater to Chabahar....A new record of Acanthodactylus cantoris from Sistan and Baluchistan in southeastern Iran is presented in this paper,and this lizard is found occurring in the coastal area of the Persian Gulf from Govater to Chabahar. This species is mainly sympatric with A. blanfordi,and their habits and habitats support their close relationship within the cantoris group. In total,29 specimens of A. cantoris(n = 12) and A. blanfordi(n = 17) were compared morphologically using statistical methods. The occurrence of A. cantoris in Iran has been questioned for a long time by different herpetologists,and the distribution,ecology and taxonomy of this newly recorded species were investigated and provided in this paper. An updated identification key for the species of Acanthodactylus in Iran is given.展开更多
A new subspecies of Laudakia microlepis（Blanford, 1874） is described, from Taftan Mountain in southeastern Iran, based on morphological and genetic characteristics. This new subspecies is distinguished from the nomi...A new subspecies of Laudakia microlepis（Blanford, 1874） is described, from Taftan Mountain in southeastern Iran, based on morphological and genetic characteristics. This new subspecies is distinguished from the nominal subspecies by having a yellowish head along with the following combination of characters： a relatively larger body size; different number of scales around middle of body; larger, weakly keeled, dorsal median scales arranged in 11–13 oblique longitudinal rows; 123–136 scales in a single row from posterior edge of gular fold to vent; 27–31 scales in the first complete whorl around the tail. The type locality of Laudakia microlepis taftanica ssp. nov., is hereby, reported as the Taftan Mountain, about 300 kilometer southeast of the nominal subspecies known range.展开更多
文摘ObjectiveTo present the geographical map of malaria and identify some of the important environmental factors of this disease in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran.MethodsWe used the registered malaria data to compute the standard incidence rates (SIRs) of malaria in different areas of Sistan and Baluchistan province for a nine-year period (from 2001 to 2009). Statistical analyses consisted of two different parts: geographical mapping of malaria incidence rates, and modeling the environmental factors. The empirical Bayesian estimates of malaria SIRs were utilized for geographical mapping of malaria and a Poisson random effects model was used for assessing the effect of environmental factors on malaria SIRs.ResultsIn general, 64 926 new cases of malaria were registered in Sistan and Baluchistan Province from 2001 to 2009. Among them, 42 695 patients (65.8%) were male and 22 231 patients (34.2%) were female. Modeling the environmental factors showed that malaria incidence rates had positive relationship with humidity, elevation, average minimum temperature and average maximum temperature, while rainfall had negative effect on malaria SIRs in this province.ConclusionsThe results of the present study reveals that malaria is still a serious health problem in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran. Geographical map and related environmental factors of malaria can help the health policy makers to intervene in high risk areas more efficiently and allocate the resources in a proper manner.
文摘Limitation of fossil energy reserves in the world and increasing level of energy consumption, have always challenged human to replace new energy sources. Meanwhile, wind power as one of the new aspects of energy is of a special place. Due to the topography of the Sistan and Baluchistan province and its relative position, it is one of the best places to build wind farms. The aim of this study was to determine suitable locations for the construction of wind farms in the province. The following criteria were considered for various standards and due to the importance of data integration, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was selected and implemented to weight the layer through Expert choice software. ArcGIS was used for layers spatial analysis and overlapping. After data analysis, the studied region, in terms of the susceptibility to build wind farms, was divided into four levels: excellent, good, fair, weak. Results indicated that GIS as a supportive and decision making system is helpful preparing data and modeling priorities and experts comments regarding various factors and help designers selecting a suitable place to build wind farms. In this study, we determined three priorities for the construction of wind farms, taking into account the limited overlap and conformity of limitations map and locating, the area of prioritized region, climate and the field observations;the priority order is excellent, good, average, including Zabol, central regions in Zabol and Chabahar.
文摘In this paper for the first time we reported Doria＇s comb fingered gecko, Stenodactylus doriae （Blanford, 1874）, during night searching, from the Parak area in Sistan ＆ Baluchistan province, southeastern Iran. Distance of collected specimens in this study is 800 km far away from the previous reports of this species in Iran in the coastal plain of Fars and Kerman provinces as well as the lower Mesopotamian plain in Khuzestan. Our specimens were collected during night on loose sand among scattered low desert shrubs. New updated distribution map for the species is presented which extends the distribution of this lizard into eastern and southeastern Iran. Morphometrics and morphological characters of the collected specimens along with notes on ecological aspects of the study area are provided.
文摘A survey uses this new information: the statistical calculation and interpretation to determine the characteristics of sediments in the reservoir’s “Dodar Ladiz” dam. It is a useful and efficient way to use clay minerals as mineral tracer for identifying the sources and assessing erosion rate in the Dodar Ladiz dam watershed in a statistical method. The existence of four main clay minerals includes Kaolinite, Montmorillonite, Illite and Chlorite. The estimated watershed erosion rate is 2220.64 tons per square kilometer per year. Data ANOVA table in the inter/intra group communication of the clay minerals in the Dodar Ladiz dam watershed samples is shown by F-test statistics;there is a significant difference between the frequency of clay minerals in the samples with 95% confidence rate (P value < 0.05). Therefore, they can be divided into six groups. The average rates of the clay minerals are not equal in any of homogeneous hydrological reservoir units of the dam. Kruskal-Wallis test shows that the rate of frequency of Iolite mineral is identical among all samples of the hydrologic units and the dam reservoir;this mineral cannot be used as a tracer to identify the source. Reviewing the obtained data from statistical tests and studying clay minerals as a trace in determining the rate of degradation of upstream catchment “Dodar Ladiz” dam, it shows that the maximum annual erosion rate is 994.85 tons per sq/km, in the basin A within a 105.13 square kilometers area. Among the most important factors involving erosion and production of basin sediments, we can refer to lithology as the most critical factor and tectonic features, topography and climate as minor factors.
文摘A new record of Acanthodactylus cantoris from Sistan and Baluchistan in southeastern Iran is presented in this paper,and this lizard is found occurring in the coastal area of the Persian Gulf from Govater to Chabahar. This species is mainly sympatric with A. blanfordi,and their habits and habitats support their close relationship within the cantoris group. In total,29 specimens of A. cantoris(n = 12) and A. blanfordi(n = 17) were compared morphologically using statistical methods. The occurrence of A. cantoris in Iran has been questioned for a long time by different herpetologists,and the distribution,ecology and taxonomy of this newly recorded species were investigated and provided in this paper. An updated identification key for the species of Acanthodactylus in Iran is given.
文摘A new subspecies of Laudakia microlepis（Blanford, 1874） is described, from Taftan Mountain in southeastern Iran, based on morphological and genetic characteristics. This new subspecies is distinguished from the nominal subspecies by having a yellowish head along with the following combination of characters： a relatively larger body size; different number of scales around middle of body; larger, weakly keeled, dorsal median scales arranged in 11–13 oblique longitudinal rows; 123–136 scales in a single row from posterior edge of gular fold to vent; 27–31 scales in the first complete whorl around the tail. The type locality of Laudakia microlepis taftanica ssp. nov., is hereby, reported as the Taftan Mountain, about 300 kilometer southeast of the nominal subspecies known range.
