This paper describes the mechanical properties of the composite materials produced using long bamboo fiber and bamboo powder. Bamboo fiber and powder can be hot press-molded much like plastic materials, and the use of...This paper describes the mechanical properties of the composite materials produced using long bamboo fiber and bamboo powder. Bamboo fiber and powder can be hot press-molded much like plastic materials, and the use of these materials in place of plastic products would reduce the environmental impact of extensive plastic use. In this study, the tensile and flexural properties of molded uni-directional long fiber reinforced composites made from bamboo fiber bundles and Bamboo powder were examined. The results showed that the tensile and flexural strength of bamboo fiber/powder composites were increased with increasing fiber content. On the other side, both strengths of composite were decreased with increasing molding temperature after 180℃. The highest tensile and flexural strengths of the bamboo fiber reinforced bamboo powder composites specimens which were tested were recorded at 169.9 MPa and 221.1 MPa, respectively.展开更多
No data were available on the acute oral toxicity, short-term oral toxicity of vegetable carbon in animals. This study was designed to evaluate the safety of two commercially available dietary bamboo charcoal powders...No data were available on the acute oral toxicity, short-term oral toxicity of vegetable carbon in animals. This study was designed to evaluate the safety of two commercially available dietary bamboo charcoal powders（BCP1 and BCP2）. The size distribution of the two powders was determined by a Mastersizer 2000 laser particle size analyzer prior to the in vivo safety studies. For the acute toxicity study, a single dose of 11.24 g/kg body weight of BCP1 and BCP2 was given once orally to healthy Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats. Mortality and clinical symptoms were observed and recorded for the first 30 min after treatment, at 4 h post-administration, and then at least once daily for 14 days after administration. In the repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study, BCP1 and BCP2 were administered orally at doses of 2.81, 5.62, and 11.24 g/kg body weight for 28 days to SD rats. Animals were sacrificed and organs and blood samples were analyzed. Results showed that both BCP1 and BCP2 were micro-sized and various in size. In the acute toxicity and the repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity studies, BCP caused neither mortality nor visible signs of toxicity in rats. No significant differences were found in the relative organ weights or in biochemical parameters in BCP treated groups compared to a control group. No treatment-related histological changes were observed in the organs of these animals. Based on these data, it is concluded that the median lethal dose（LD50） of BCP for both male and female rats is more than 11. 24 g/kg body weight and the no-observed-adverse-effect level（NOAEL） is 〉11.24 g/kg body weight for 28 days.展开更多
Although the immunomodulatory activity of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)has been increasingly documented in domestic animals,the use of BVC as immunostimulant in fi sh aquaculture awaits verifi cation.In the ...Although the immunomodulatory activity of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)has been increasingly documented in domestic animals,the use of BVC as immunostimulant in fi sh aquaculture awaits verifi cation.In the present study,the immunostimulatory impacts of dietary BVC intake were investigated in an important aquaculture fi sh species,the African catfi sh Clarias gariepinus.Results show that the pathogen resistance of African catfi sh was signifi cantly improved by dietary BVC intake at the tested levels(0.5%-2%),as indicated by higher survival rates(approximately 1.52-1.85 times that without BVC supplementation)upon intraperitoneally injection of bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila.In addition,both the count and phagocytic activity of blood cells were signifi cantly up-regulated by a 45-day dietary supplementation of BVC.Moreover,compared to that of the control,fi sh individuals fed BVC containing diets exhibited signifi cant higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),myeloperoxidase(MPO),and lysozyme(LYZ).The content of immunoglobulin M(IgM)in serum of African catfi sh was also induced by dietary BVC supplementation.Furthermore,the expression levels of interleukin-8(IL-8),toll-like receptor 1 and 5(TLR1 and TLR5),myeloid diff erentiation factor 88(MyD88),and nuclear factor kappa B(NFκB)in the head kidney were signifi cantly up-regulated.Our fi ndings indicate BVC could be an eff ective immunostimulant in teleost species,which may enhance fi sh immunity through improving hematic parameters,activating bioactive humoral molecules,and up-regulating immune related molecular pathways.展开更多
基金This work was funded by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province （No. 2008J0227） and Science and Technology Office of Fujian Province （No. 2007F5030）,
文摘This paper describes the mechanical properties of the composite materials produced using long bamboo fiber and bamboo powder. Bamboo fiber and powder can be hot press-molded much like plastic materials, and the use of these materials in place of plastic products would reduce the environmental impact of extensive plastic use. In this study, the tensile and flexural properties of molded uni-directional long fiber reinforced composites made from bamboo fiber bundles and Bamboo powder were examined. The results showed that the tensile and flexural strength of bamboo fiber/powder composites were increased with increasing fiber content. On the other side, both strengths of composite were decreased with increasing molding temperature after 180℃. The highest tensile and flexural strengths of the bamboo fiber reinforced bamboo powder composites specimens which were tested were recorded at 169.9 MPa and 221.1 MPa, respectively.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81030053)the Doctoral Foundation of the Chinese Ministry of Education(No.20120181110040)
文摘No data were available on the acute oral toxicity, short-term oral toxicity of vegetable carbon in animals. This study was designed to evaluate the safety of two commercially available dietary bamboo charcoal powders（BCP1 and BCP2）. The size distribution of the two powders was determined by a Mastersizer 2000 laser particle size analyzer prior to the in vivo safety studies. For the acute toxicity study, a single dose of 11.24 g/kg body weight of BCP1 and BCP2 was given once orally to healthy Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats. Mortality and clinical symptoms were observed and recorded for the first 30 min after treatment, at 4 h post-administration, and then at least once daily for 14 days after administration. In the repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study, BCP1 and BCP2 were administered orally at doses of 2.81, 5.62, and 11.24 g/kg body weight for 28 days to SD rats. Animals were sacrificed and organs and blood samples were analyzed. Results showed that both BCP1 and BCP2 were micro-sized and various in size. In the acute toxicity and the repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity studies, BCP caused neither mortality nor visible signs of toxicity in rats. No significant differences were found in the relative organ weights or in biochemical parameters in BCP treated groups compared to a control group. No treatment-related histological changes were observed in the organs of these animals. Based on these data, it is concluded that the median lethal dose（LD50） of BCP for both male and female rats is more than 11. 24 g/kg body weight and the no-observed-adverse-effect level（NOAEL） is 〉11.24 g/kg body weight for 28 days.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0900603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31672634)+1 种基金the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology,CAS(No.kf2018005)the Science and Technology Project of Wenzhou(No.2019ZX002-02)。
文摘Although the immunomodulatory activity of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)has been increasingly documented in domestic animals,the use of BVC as immunostimulant in fi sh aquaculture awaits verifi cation.In the present study,the immunostimulatory impacts of dietary BVC intake were investigated in an important aquaculture fi sh species,the African catfi sh Clarias gariepinus.Results show that the pathogen resistance of African catfi sh was signifi cantly improved by dietary BVC intake at the tested levels(0.5%-2%),as indicated by higher survival rates(approximately 1.52-1.85 times that without BVC supplementation)upon intraperitoneally injection of bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila.In addition,both the count and phagocytic activity of blood cells were signifi cantly up-regulated by a 45-day dietary supplementation of BVC.Moreover,compared to that of the control,fi sh individuals fed BVC containing diets exhibited signifi cant higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),myeloperoxidase(MPO),and lysozyme(LYZ).The content of immunoglobulin M(IgM)in serum of African catfi sh was also induced by dietary BVC supplementation.Furthermore,the expression levels of interleukin-8(IL-8),toll-like receptor 1 and 5(TLR1 and TLR5),myeloid diff erentiation factor 88(MyD88),and nuclear factor kappa B(NFκB)in the head kidney were signifi cantly up-regulated.Our fi ndings indicate BVC could be an eff ective immunostimulant in teleost species,which may enhance fi sh immunity through improving hematic parameters,activating bioactive humoral molecules,and up-regulating immune related molecular pathways.
