A number of investigations into application of polymers for macro-morphological modification of tool surface have been carried out. These researches, with extensive stress on convex or domed protuberations as one of t...A number of investigations into application of polymers for macro-morphological modification of tool surface have been carried out. These researches, with extensive stress on convex or domed protuberations as one of the widely used construction units, have tried to harness benefits from using polymers in agriculture. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene （UHMW-PE） has proved an emerging polymer in its application to reduce soil adhesion. This research was conducted to study the effect of shape （flat, semi-spherical, semi-oblate, semi short-prolate and semi long-prolate） and dimensions （base diameter and dome height） on sliding resistance and normal adhesion of biomimetic plates. To incorporate both shape and size, a dimensionless ratio of height to diameter （HDR） was introduced to characterize the effect of construction unit＇s physique. Experiments were conducted in Bangkok clay soil with dry （ 19.8% d.b.）, sticky （36.9% d.b.） and flooded （60.1% d.b.） soil conditions respectively. Soil at sticky limit exhibited the highest sliding resistance （77.8 N） and normal adhesion （3 kPa to 7 kPa）, whereas these values were 61.7 N and 〈0.2 kPa in dry, and 53.7 N and 0.5 kPa to 1.5 kPa in flooded soil conditions. Protuberances with HDR ≤ 0.5 lowered sliding resistance by 10% - 30% and the same reduced normal adhesion by 10% - 60%. The amount of reduction in both sliding resistance and normal adhesion was higher in flooded soil. Lighter normal loads obviously produced lesser resistance and adhesion.展开更多
Objective:To determine the prevalence of infestation with head lice in primary schoolchildren in the eastern area of Bangkok,Thailand.Methods:The present study was to determine the head lice infestation(Pediculosis) l...Objective:To determine the prevalence of infestation with head lice in primary schoolchildren in the eastern area of Bangkok,Thailand.Methods:The present study was to determine the head lice infestation(Pediculosis) levels in primary schoolchildren,during May,2011 to July, 2011,A total of 3747 schoolchildren aged 5-12 years old from 12 selected primary school of Ladkrabang district,the eastern area of Bangkok were examined for head lice.Pediculosis was defined as the presence of at least on living adult,nymph and viable egg.Results:The overall head lice infestation rate was 23.32%and infestation rate was higher in girls(47.12%) than in boys(0%).The infestation rate among schoolchildren varied from 12.62%to 29.76%.The infestation rate among girls varied from 26.07%(12 years old group) to 55.89%(8 years old group).Conclusions: Pediculosis is a common public healtli problem affecting primary schoolchildren in eastern area of Bangkok and those levels are epidemic importance.展开更多
This paper addresses increasing concern about the pollution threat of used oil being illegally dumped and the impact of oil on air pollution and freshwater ecosystems in Asian countries. Used oil is a very serious was...This paper addresses increasing concern about the pollution threat of used oil being illegally dumped and the impact of oil on air pollution and freshwater ecosystems in Asian countries. Used oil is a very serious waste management problem. These results call for management action such as maximising the collection and recovery of used oil. The Thai government recognizes the need to recycle used oil and has been active in encouraging programs to accomplish this goal. Thus unless new approaches and incentives are developed, used oil generation may become an increasing serious problem to our environment. The purpose of this study is to examine the technical and economic feasibility, of recycling used oils. In addition, this paper briefly discusses the problems to be overcome and outlines potential mechanisms for providing the necessary disposal controls in order to maximize the protection to public health and environmental quality from potential hazards posed by used lube oil disposal.展开更多
Land subsidence as a result of the groundwater withdrawals in the Chao Phraya Delta in Thailand will be studied along with any successful remediation efforts. Most of the deltas of South East Asia are sinking for a va...Land subsidence as a result of the groundwater withdrawals in the Chao Phraya Delta in Thailand will be studied along with any successful remediation efforts. Most of the deltas of South East Asia are sinking for a variety of reasons. Thailand has national concerns related to land subsidence as a result of sea level rise, climate change, flooding, storm surges, skyscrapers, compaction, and groundwater extraction for rice paddies, shrimp ponds and the drinking water and household needs of approximately 15 million people living on the Chao Phraya Delta. The Chao Phraya River shoreline line is eroding and significant land areas and wetlands are being lost and becoming open water. Urban areas are periodically flooded and require earthen levees or floodwalls. The objective is to assess and mitigate land subsidence as a result of groundwater withdrawals for rice paddies, aquaculture, shrimp ponds, industry, drinking water and household needs of 15 million people living on Chao Phraya Delta in Bangkok. The impact of groundwater extraction and reduced sedimentation on land subsidence in the Chao Phraya Delta will be assessed and mitigation methods recommended. Lessons learned and successful remediation efforts in one Southeast Asia delta may or may not be applicable to other South East Asia deltas. There need to be mitigation methods identified to add sediment to existing Chao Phraya Delta wetlands. River water also needs to be injected deep into the underlying alluvial sediments in the delta. Navigation in the canal systems could be adversely affected by proposed massive Chao Phraya River water injections into the Chao Phraya Delta alluvial sediments underlying Bangkok.展开更多
Asia-Pacific Metal Industry Exhibition (METAL AP 2018)was successfully held in Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Center (BITEC)on September 19-21,2018,attracting about 70 exhibitors of global foundry (especia...Asia-Pacific Metal Industry Exhibition (METAL AP 2018)was successfully held in Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Center (BITEC)on September 19-21,2018,attracting about 70 exhibitors of global foundry (especially die casting),metallurgy and furnace industries,and trade visitors on automobile, electronics,communication.展开更多
investment of this type of business is not complex.Hence,the survival of this type of business is not easily guaranteed because of not only high competitiveness but also unclear information from the user side.Entrepre...investment of this type of business is not complex.Hence,the survival of this type of business is not easily guaranteed because of not only high competitiveness but also unclear information from the user side.Entrepreneurs of coworking spaces need to understand the characteristics and perspectives of users which may differ in various regions and cultures.This research investigated the users of coworking spaces in terms of their characteristics,behaviors,and perspectives.The scope focused on coworking spaces locating on or closed to the mass train transit stations of CBD Bangkok.The research applied quantitative approach through questionnaire surveys with 300 respondents during November,2017.There are many interesting results found from the analysis and somehow differ from past studies.The majority of respondents were younger than 25 years old who were students.However,a quarter of those were“Corporate Employee”.Coffee shop was the top place to work outside own office,seconded by coworking spaces.The behaviors of the majority of the respondents included:80%visited coworking spaces at least one a week and almost half visited 3-4 times a week;they spent at least three hours per visit and about 15%spent longer than six hours.The perspectives of most respondents were used coworking spaces to increase productivity and chose a place based on location.The results call for further analysis and studies.展开更多
On January 29, Tianjin Culture Temple Fair, part of the 201 9 "Happy Chinese New Year" in Thailand, was held at Central? World一a very popular shopping mall in Bangkok.
In order to support the prosperity and development of the cultural undertakings and promote international cultural exchanges in Macao,The Memorable Time--the Traditional Handicraft Industries of Macao exhibition opene...In order to support the prosperity and development of the cultural undertakings and promote international cultural exchanges in Macao,The Memorable Time--the Traditional Handicraft Industries of Macao exhibition opened in China Cultural Center in Bangkok on November 10.It was co-hosted by the Bureau of International Exchanges and Cooperation Department of Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan Affairs ,Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China,Cultural Affairs Bureau of the Macao Special Administrative Region Government and China Cultural Center in Bangkok.展开更多
The China National Tourism Office,Bangkok(CNTO Bangkok)has developed several work methods and models through its successful organization of the"Together for Beijing Winter Olympics"series in Thailand as well...The China National Tourism Office,Bangkok(CNTO Bangkok)has developed several work methods and models through its successful organization of the"Together for Beijing Winter Olympics"series in Thailand as well as many other innovative promotions.展开更多
A direct air route launched on February 1 connects Sanya, a resort city at the southern tip of China’s southern Hainan Province, to Bangkok, capital of Thailand.
From February 18-21, 2014, a panel of experts, which was established by a resolution of the United Nations Economic and Social Council to draft exemplary strategies and implementation measures for eradicating violence...From February 18-21, 2014, a panel of experts, which was established by a resolution of the United Nations Economic and Social Council to draft exemplary strategies and implementation measures for eradicating violence against children in crime prevention and criminal judicature, convened in Bangkok, Thailand, for an intergovernmental experts meeting mainly to discuss the draft. After general discussion, delib- eration by the presidium and detailed negotiations, the meeting produced the report, ＂Exemplary Strategies and Implementation Measures for Eradicating Violence Against Children in Crime Prevention and Criminal Judicature.＂展开更多
The urban heritage regeneration strategy through walkability is widely accepted.However,in the context of a developing country,the tools to measure walkability,which are crucial for urban planning and development,stil...The urban heritage regeneration strategy through walkability is widely accepted.However,in the context of a developing country,the tools to measure walkability,which are crucial for urban planning and development,still need to be improved.This article investigates ways to revitalise a run-down historic riverside area in Bangkok.It develops two indices,the Thai GoodWalk Index(TGWI)and the Thai Walkability Index(TWI).A hybrid of both indices is based on geospatial techniques and technology to optimise problem analysis processes,create problem-solving options,enhance spatial site selection decision capabilities,and assist urban planners in carrying out spatial scenario planning processes.It demonstrates how the GoodWalk Index has been employed to plan and prioritise urban development projects.This is exemplified by the Master Plan for the Regeneration of Kadeejeen-Klongsan,a historic riverside neighbourhood in Bangkok with limitations in density,functional mix of spaces,and access networks,especially in riverfront areas.The TGWI and TWI can be applied to the regeneration of other historic districts throughout Thailand.展开更多
Bangkok is located in a low land area,and floods frequently occur from rainfall,river discharge,and tides.High-accuracy rainfall data are needed to achieve high-accuracy flood predictions from hydrological models.The ...Bangkok is located in a low land area,and floods frequently occur from rainfall,river discharge,and tides.High-accuracy rainfall data are needed to achieve high-accuracy flood predictions from hydrological models.The main objective of this study is to establish a method that improves the accuracy of precipitation estimates by merging rainfall from three sources:an infrared channel from the Himawari-8 satellite,rain gauges,and ground-based radar observations.This study applied cloud classification and bias correction using rain gauges to discriminate these errors.The bias factors were interpolated using the ordinary kriging(OK)method to fill in the areas of estimated rainfall where no rain gauge was available.The results show that bias correction improved the accuracy of radar and Himawari-8 rainfall estimates before their combination.The merged algorithm was then adopted to produce hourly merged rainfall products(GSR).Compared to the initial estimated product,the GSR is significantly more accurate.The merging algorithm increases the spatial resolution and quality of rainfall estimates and is simple to use.Furthermore,these findings not only reveal the potential and limitations of the merged algorithm but also provide useful information for future retrieval algorithm enhancement.展开更多
文摘A number of investigations into application of polymers for macro-morphological modification of tool surface have been carried out. These researches, with extensive stress on convex or domed protuberations as one of the widely used construction units, have tried to harness benefits from using polymers in agriculture. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene （UHMW-PE） has proved an emerging polymer in its application to reduce soil adhesion. This research was conducted to study the effect of shape （flat, semi-spherical, semi-oblate, semi short-prolate and semi long-prolate） and dimensions （base diameter and dome height） on sliding resistance and normal adhesion of biomimetic plates. To incorporate both shape and size, a dimensionless ratio of height to diameter （HDR） was introduced to characterize the effect of construction unit＇s physique. Experiments were conducted in Bangkok clay soil with dry （ 19.8% d.b.）, sticky （36.9% d.b.） and flooded （60.1% d.b.） soil conditions respectively. Soil at sticky limit exhibited the highest sliding resistance （77.8 N） and normal adhesion （3 kPa to 7 kPa）, whereas these values were 61.7 N and 〈0.2 kPa in dry, and 53.7 N and 0.5 kPa to 1.5 kPa in flooded soil conditions. Protuberances with HDR ≤ 0.5 lowered sliding resistance by 10% - 30% and the same reduced normal adhesion by 10% - 60%. The amount of reduction in both sliding resistance and normal adhesion was higher in flooded soil. Lighter normal loads obviously produced lesser resistance and adhesion.
文摘Objective:To determine the prevalence of infestation with head lice in primary schoolchildren in the eastern area of Bangkok,Thailand.Methods:The present study was to determine the head lice infestation(Pediculosis) levels in primary schoolchildren,during May,2011 to July, 2011,A total of 3747 schoolchildren aged 5-12 years old from 12 selected primary school of Ladkrabang district,the eastern area of Bangkok were examined for head lice.Pediculosis was defined as the presence of at least on living adult,nymph and viable egg.Results:The overall head lice infestation rate was 23.32%and infestation rate was higher in girls(47.12%) than in boys(0%).The infestation rate among schoolchildren varied from 12.62%to 29.76%.The infestation rate among girls varied from 26.07%(12 years old group) to 55.89%(8 years old group).Conclusions: Pediculosis is a common public healtli problem affecting primary schoolchildren in eastern area of Bangkok and those levels are epidemic importance.
文摘This paper addresses increasing concern about the pollution threat of used oil being illegally dumped and the impact of oil on air pollution and freshwater ecosystems in Asian countries. Used oil is a very serious waste management problem. These results call for management action such as maximising the collection and recovery of used oil. The Thai government recognizes the need to recycle used oil and has been active in encouraging programs to accomplish this goal. Thus unless new approaches and incentives are developed, used oil generation may become an increasing serious problem to our environment. The purpose of this study is to examine the technical and economic feasibility, of recycling used oils. In addition, this paper briefly discusses the problems to be overcome and outlines potential mechanisms for providing the necessary disposal controls in order to maximize the protection to public health and environmental quality from potential hazards posed by used lube oil disposal.
文摘Land subsidence as a result of the groundwater withdrawals in the Chao Phraya Delta in Thailand will be studied along with any successful remediation efforts. Most of the deltas of South East Asia are sinking for a variety of reasons. Thailand has national concerns related to land subsidence as a result of sea level rise, climate change, flooding, storm surges, skyscrapers, compaction, and groundwater extraction for rice paddies, shrimp ponds and the drinking water and household needs of approximately 15 million people living on the Chao Phraya Delta. The Chao Phraya River shoreline line is eroding and significant land areas and wetlands are being lost and becoming open water. Urban areas are periodically flooded and require earthen levees or floodwalls. The objective is to assess and mitigate land subsidence as a result of groundwater withdrawals for rice paddies, aquaculture, shrimp ponds, industry, drinking water and household needs of 15 million people living on Chao Phraya Delta in Bangkok. The impact of groundwater extraction and reduced sedimentation on land subsidence in the Chao Phraya Delta will be assessed and mitigation methods recommended. Lessons learned and successful remediation efforts in one Southeast Asia delta may or may not be applicable to other South East Asia deltas. There need to be mitigation methods identified to add sediment to existing Chao Phraya Delta wetlands. River water also needs to be injected deep into the underlying alluvial sediments in the delta. Navigation in the canal systems could be adversely affected by proposed massive Chao Phraya River water injections into the Chao Phraya Delta alluvial sediments underlying Bangkok.
文摘Asia-Pacific Metal Industry Exhibition (METAL AP 2018)was successfully held in Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Center (BITEC)on September 19-21,2018,attracting about 70 exhibitors of global foundry (especially die casting),metallurgy and furnace industries,and trade visitors on automobile, electronics,communication.
文摘investment of this type of business is not complex.Hence,the survival of this type of business is not easily guaranteed because of not only high competitiveness but also unclear information from the user side.Entrepreneurs of coworking spaces need to understand the characteristics and perspectives of users which may differ in various regions and cultures.This research investigated the users of coworking spaces in terms of their characteristics,behaviors,and perspectives.The scope focused on coworking spaces locating on or closed to the mass train transit stations of CBD Bangkok.The research applied quantitative approach through questionnaire surveys with 300 respondents during November,2017.There are many interesting results found from the analysis and somehow differ from past studies.The majority of respondents were younger than 25 years old who were students.However,a quarter of those were“Corporate Employee”.Coffee shop was the top place to work outside own office,seconded by coworking spaces.The behaviors of the majority of the respondents included:80%visited coworking spaces at least one a week and almost half visited 3-4 times a week;they spent at least three hours per visit and about 15%spent longer than six hours.The perspectives of most respondents were used coworking spaces to increase productivity and chose a place based on location.The results call for further analysis and studies.
文摘On January 29, Tianjin Culture Temple Fair, part of the 201 9 "Happy Chinese New Year" in Thailand, was held at Central? World一a very popular shopping mall in Bangkok.
文摘In order to support the prosperity and development of the cultural undertakings and promote international cultural exchanges in Macao,The Memorable Time--the Traditional Handicraft Industries of Macao exhibition opened in China Cultural Center in Bangkok on November 10.It was co-hosted by the Bureau of International Exchanges and Cooperation Department of Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan Affairs ,Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China,Cultural Affairs Bureau of the Macao Special Administrative Region Government and China Cultural Center in Bangkok.
文摘The China National Tourism Office,Bangkok(CNTO Bangkok)has developed several work methods and models through its successful organization of the"Together for Beijing Winter Olympics"series in Thailand as well as many other innovative promotions.
文摘A direct air route launched on February 1 connects Sanya, a resort city at the southern tip of China’s southern Hainan Province, to Bangkok, capital of Thailand.
文摘From February 18-21, 2014, a panel of experts, which was established by a resolution of the United Nations Economic and Social Council to draft exemplary strategies and implementation measures for eradicating violence against children in crime prevention and criminal judicature, convened in Bangkok, Thailand, for an intergovernmental experts meeting mainly to discuss the draft. After general discussion, delib- eration by the presidium and detailed negotiations, the meeting produced the report, ＂Exemplary Strategies and Implementation Measures for Eradicating Violence Against Children in Crime Prevention and Criminal Judicature.＂
基金Some content of the article is taken from the Bangkok 250 Project of Chula Unisearch,Chulalongkorn University,conducted by Urban Design and Development Center,Center of Excellence in Urban Strategies,Chulalongkorn University,funded by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration.And some content of the article derives from the GoodWalk Project,funded by Thai Health Promotion Foundation.
文摘The urban heritage regeneration strategy through walkability is widely accepted.However,in the context of a developing country,the tools to measure walkability,which are crucial for urban planning and development,still need to be improved.This article investigates ways to revitalise a run-down historic riverside area in Bangkok.It develops two indices,the Thai GoodWalk Index(TGWI)and the Thai Walkability Index(TWI).A hybrid of both indices is based on geospatial techniques and technology to optimise problem analysis processes,create problem-solving options,enhance spatial site selection decision capabilities,and assist urban planners in carrying out spatial scenario planning processes.It demonstrates how the GoodWalk Index has been employed to plan and prioritise urban development projects.This is exemplified by the Master Plan for the Regeneration of Kadeejeen-Klongsan,a historic riverside neighbourhood in Bangkok with limitations in density,functional mix of spaces,and access networks,especially in riverfront areas.The TGWI and TWI can be applied to the regeneration of other historic districts throughout Thailand.
基金Srinakharinwirot University,Thailand,grant number[035/2563]Thailand Science Research and Innovation(TSRI)Basic Research Fund:Fiscal year 2022 under project number[FRB650048/0164].
文摘Bangkok is located in a low land area,and floods frequently occur from rainfall,river discharge,and tides.High-accuracy rainfall data are needed to achieve high-accuracy flood predictions from hydrological models.The main objective of this study is to establish a method that improves the accuracy of precipitation estimates by merging rainfall from three sources:an infrared channel from the Himawari-8 satellite,rain gauges,and ground-based radar observations.This study applied cloud classification and bias correction using rain gauges to discriminate these errors.The bias factors were interpolated using the ordinary kriging(OK)method to fill in the areas of estimated rainfall where no rain gauge was available.The results show that bias correction improved the accuracy of radar and Himawari-8 rainfall estimates before their combination.The merged algorithm was then adopted to produce hourly merged rainfall products(GSR).Compared to the initial estimated product,the GSR is significantly more accurate.The merging algorithm increases the spatial resolution and quality of rainfall estimates and is simple to use.Furthermore,these findings not only reveal the potential and limitations of the merged algorithm but also provide useful information for future retrieval algorithm enhancement.
