Geological Features of the Eastern Sector of the Bangong Co-Nujiang River Suture Zone:Tethyan Evolution

According to an analysis of the geological features in the eastern sector of the Bangong Co-Nujiang River suture zone, the Tethyan evolution can be divided into three stages. (1) The Embryo-Tethyan stage (Pz1): An immature volcanic arc developed in Taniantaweng (Tanen Taunggyi) Range, indicating the existence of an Embryo-Tethyan ocean. (2) The Palaeo-Tethyan stage (C-T2: During the Carboniferous the northern side of the Taniantaweng Range was the main domain of the Palaeo-Tethyan ocean, in which developed flysch sediments intercalated with bimodal volcanic rocks and oceanic tholeiite, and Pemian-Early Triassic are granites were superimposed on the Taniantaweng magmatic are; on the southern side the Dêngqên-Nujiang zone started secondary extension during the Carboniferous, in which the Nujiang ophiolite developed, and the Palaeo-Tethyan ocean closed before the Middle Triassic. (3) The Neo-Tethyan stage (T3-E): During the Late Triassic the Dêngqên zone developed into a relatively matural ocean basin, in which the Dêngqên ophiolite was formed. By the end of the Triassic intraocean subduction occurred, and the ocean domain was reduced gradually, and collided and closed by the end of the Early Jurassic, forming the Yazong mélange; then the Tethyan ocean was completely closed.

The Cretaceous of the Eastern Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone (Tibet):Tectono-Sedimentation

The ophiolite-bearing Bangong-Nujiang zone (BNZ) traversing central Tibet from east to west separates the Qiangtang block in the north from the Lhasa block in the south. The Cretaceous of the area includes Chuanba Formation (K 1c ), Duoba Formation (K 1d ), Langshan Formation (K 1l ) and Jiangba Formation (K 2j ). The K 1c is composed of black shale, sandy pelite, siltstone, sandstone, coal beds and volcanic rocks, of shallow marine facies. The K 1 d consists of terrestrial siliciclastics intercalated with some calcareous sandstone beds bearing Orbitolina sp. indicating marine influence. The K 1j is carbonate platform deposits of shallow marine and lagoon. The K 2j is characterized by terrestrial thick massive red conglomerate. An active margin related to B-subduction zone is considered to be the geological setting of the Cretaceous sedimentation.

Variation of Moho Depth across Bangong-Nujiang Suture in Central Tibet—Results from Deep Seismic Reflection Data

There is a long-term dispute at Moho depth across the Bangong-Nujiang suture (BNS). Due to the complicated and changeable seismic geological condition, it is not easy to acquire images of the reflective Moho in central Tibet. In the support of the SinoProbe project, a series of deep seismic reflection profiles were conducted to image Moho structure across the BNS and the Qiangtang terrane. These profiles extend from the northern Lhasa terrane to the Qiangtang terrane crossing the BNS. Both shot gathers and migration data show clear Moho images beneath the BNS. The Moho depth varies from 75.1 km (~24 s TWT) beneath the northmost Lhasa terrane to 68.9 km (~22 s TWT) beneath southmost Qiangtang terrane, and rises smoothly to 62.6 km (~20 s TWT ) at ~28 km north of the BNS beneath the Qiangtang terrane. We speculate that the Moho appears a 6.2 km sharp offset across the BNS and becomes ~12.5 km shallower from the northmost Lhasa terrane to the south Qiangtang terrane at ~28 km north of the BNS. The viewpoint of Moho depth across the BNS based on deep seismic reflection data is inconsistent with the previous 20 km offset.

The Characteristics and Significance of Peng Co Peridotites in the Middle Segment of Bangong Co-Nujiang Suture in Tibet

The Peng Co ophiolite is located to the west of Peng lake in the area of lakes in north Tibet, which belongs to the Baila-Yilashan sub-belt of the the middle Bangong Co-Nujiang ophiolitic belt. The Peng Co ophiolite is mainly composed of mantle peridotites, cumulates, diabase dikes. About 70 percent peridotites are harzburgites and 30 percent are lherzolites. Mineral chemistry of the Peng Co lherzolitesare characterized by low Fo contents(88.85–90.33) of olivine and high Al2O3 content(4.26%–7.25%) in pyroxenes. Compared to the primitive mantle, the Peng Co peridotites have relatively higher MgO contents, lower CaO, Al2O3 and TiO2 contents. The total rare-earth element(REE) contents of the lherzolites are 1.11–1.53 ppm, which are lower than those of the primitive mantle. The chondritenormalized REE patterns of the Peng Co peridotites display slight loss in LREE. In the primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram, the Peng Co peridotites exhibit negative Rb and Zr anomalies and intensively positive U, Ta, Sr anomalies. The PGE contents of Peng Co lherzolites are between 22.9–27 ppb. The chondrite-normalized PGE patterns of the Peng Co lherzolites are consistent with that of the primitive mantle. Mineral and whole-rock geochemistry characteristics of the Peng Co lherzolites show an affinity to abyssal peridotites, indicating that it may have formed in the mid-ocean ridge setting. Through quantitative modeling, we conclude that the Peng Co lherzolites formed after 5%–10% degree of partial melting of the spinelphase lherzolite mantle source. The sharp increase of Cr#(56.74–60.84)in Spinel of harzburgites and relatively high Pd/Ir and Rh/Ir ratios suggest that they have experienced melt-rock reaction. The crystallization sequence of Peng Co cumulate is olivine-clinopyroxene-plagioclase. The Mg# value of clinopyroxene in cumulate peridotite ranges from 86.92 to 89.93, and the mean value of Fo is 84.45, which is obviously higher than that of MOR-type ophiolite cumulates. The mineral composition, sequence of magmatic crystallization and mineral components of Peng Co cumulate are similar to those of the cumulate formed by the SSZ-type ophiolite in the subduction zone. Therefore, we can draw a preliminary conclusion that Peng Co lherzolites were formed in an environment of mid oceanic ridge and were remnants of the spinel lherzolite zone which experienced a partial melting of no more than 10%. In the later period, due to the intra-oceanic subduction, it experienced the rock-meltinteraction, and thus formed the SSZ-type cumulate and harzburgite of high Cr value.

Petrology, geochemistry and geochronology of the Zhongcang ophiolite, northern Tibet: implications for the evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean

Ophiolites are widespread along the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, northern Tibet. However, it is still debated on the formation ages and tectonic evolution process of these ophiolites. The Zhongcang ophiolite is a typical ophiolite in the western part of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. It is composed of serpentinized peridotite, cumulate and isotropic gabbros, massive and pillow basalts, basaltic volcanic breccia, and minor red chert. Zircon SHRIMP Ue Pb dating for the isotropic gabbro yielded weighted mean age of 163.4 ± 1.8 Ma. Positive zircon ε Hf(t) values(+15.0 to +20.2) and mantle-like σ^(18)O values(5.29 ±0.21)% indicate that the isotropic gabbros were derived from a long-term depleted mantle source. The isotropic gabbros have normal mid-ocean ridge basalt(N-MORB) like immobile element patterns with high Mg O, low TiO_2 and moderate rare earth element(REE) abundances, and negative Nb,Ti, Zr and Hf anomalies. Basalts show typical oceanic island basalt(OIB) geochemical features, and they are similar to those of OIB-type rocks of the Early Cretaceous Zhongcang oceanic plateau within the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean. Together with these data, we suggest that the Zhongcang ophiolite was probably formed by the subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean during the Middle Jurassic. The subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Tethyan Ocean could begin in the Earlye Middle Jurassic and continue to the Early Cretaceous, and finally continental collision between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes at the west Bangong-Nujiang suture zone probably has taken place later than the Early Cretaceous(ca. 110 Ma).

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopic Constraints on Petrogenesis of Plagiogranite from the Cuomuqu Ophiolite,Bangong Lake Area,North Tibet

Field observation, geochemical signatures and zircon Hf isotope data indicate that Cuomuqu ophiolite in the Bangonghu area was formed in a back-arc basin （BAB） above a supra- subduction zone （SSZ）. Zircon U-Pb dating of the diabase from the Cuomuqu massif yielded an age of 164.3±1.9 Ma, thus indicating that the ophiolite complex was formed in the Middle Jurassic during back-arc extension of the mature Bangonghu-Nujiang Ocean. The zircon εHf（t） and TDMC values of the plagiogranite are similar to the εHf（t） and TDM of the diabase, respectively. The mode of occurrence of plagiogranites and their bulk-rock and Hf isotope characteristics indicate that they were derived from the mantle, associated with the surrounding gabbro and diabase, and were formed by partial melting of altered and hydrated mafic rocks under shear conditions during lateral drifting of the oceanic crust. The zircon U-Pb age of the plagiogranite is 156.4±1.4 Ma, and it is 7.9 Ma younger than the hosting diabase. In this study, zircon chronological and Hf isotopic data were tentatively analyzed to determine the genesis of plagiogranites in the Cuomuqu ophiolite complex.

Study on thermal infrared remote sensing of Yarlung Zangbo River and Bangong Co-Nujiang River suture belt in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The area change of heat abnormity is not in accordance with conclusions of former thermal infrared remote sensing studies of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which were that the temperature of Yarlung Zangbo River suture belt of the southern Plateau is high and the northern temperature is low. The study result in this paper shows that the highest temperature is found in the Bangong Co-Nujiang River suture belt, the Yarlung Zangbo River suture belt temperature is the second highest, and the northern Tibet temperature is the lowest. The study demonstration area was the suture belt areas of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Bangong Co-Nujiang River in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where the land temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the bore temperature of field land surface were measured and the emissivity of land surface was calculated. In addition, the authors explore the mechanism of the relationship between thermal infrared remote sensing and constructing thermodynamics and reach four new conclusions about the thermodynamics of the Tibet Plateau.

深反射地震成像揭示的班公湖-怒江缝合带中段Moho断阶及其大地构造意义

揭示班公湖-怒江(班怒)缝合带Moho(莫霍面)结构对于认识中特提斯洋壳俯冲和南羌塘坳陷成因具有重要地球动力学意义。基于横跨班怒缝合带的深反射地震数据(88°30′E),本文采用了中长波长静校正、噪声压制、优化叠加和叠前深度偏移(PSDM)等地震处理技术,获得了深度域地震反射偏移剖面、层速度场和高分辨率Moho结构。由深度域剖面显示,班怒缝合带Moho位于地表以下65~80 km,呈不连续北向抬升趋势,指示在拉萨地块与南羌塘地块之间存在岩石圈上地幔断阶,最大阶步可达15 km。综合分析缝合带两侧的Moho形态认为,这些断阶受南侧拉萨地体的岩石圈上地幔以19.5°北倾俯冲与北侧南羌塘地块的上地壳抬升驱动,可能与深部存在局部熔融相关。班怒缝合带下的Moho结构表明,随着晚侏罗世—早白垩世中特提斯洋闭合,南羌塘地体由边缘海沉积向前陆盆地转换,形成南羌塘坳陷。

西藏那曲地区中晚侏罗世拉贡塘组深水碎屑流沉积特征和沉积模式

【研究目的 】拉萨地块北缘中晚侏罗世拉贡塘组深水碎屑流沉积的研究,对于恢复青藏高原南部中生代构造-古地理具有重要的意义。【研究方法 】笔者对出露于那曲地区的拉贡塘组碎屑流沉积进行了实地调研和显微构造分析,同时结合区域地质资料,探讨了控制因素和搬运过程,建立了沉积模式。【研究结果 】该组的碎屑流沉积下部由砾质碎屑流组成,上部以砂质碎屑流与泥质碎屑流沉积交替产出为特点,其内含有丰富的滑塌、滑动体,具有典型的软沉积双重构造,其中的软沉积变形褶皱、布丁构造指示碎屑流向南流动。【结论 】拉贡塘组碎屑流的形成受班公湖—怒江结合带控制,不同类型碎屑流沉积的“源-渠-汇”具有一定程度的耦合关系,对重建青藏高原南部中生代构造-古地理提供了依据。

羌塘地块中西部布木错走滑断裂系的第四纪晚期地表变形特征与构造意义

班公-怒江缝合带(班怒带)是青藏高原内部羌塘地块与拉萨地块之间的重要边界,研究该边界带上共轭走滑断裂第四纪晚期的几何结构与变形特性对于理解高原内部在印度-欧亚板块碰撞作用下形成的空间差异响应和构造模型具有重要意义。位于班怒带西段的布木错断裂系包括北东向布木错断裂和北西向纳屋错断裂,通过遥感解译和野外地质调查,明确了这两条断裂在第四纪晚期的构造特征和最新的地表变形特征。结果显示,两条断裂自第四纪晚期以来的活动特征明显,并且近期都经历过一次大地震,产生了地表破裂。据此推测班怒带西段北西、北东两组断裂的最新活动强度接近,羌塘地块南部边界现今变形可能受控于两组断裂的共同影响,并已延伸至块体内部。以上发现进一步证明,青藏高原内部物质受中—下地壳流的驱动作用,通过走滑断层和正断层持续向北扩展。

西藏东巧—北拉地区班公湖—怒江洋俯冲闭合及对南羌塘盆地演化的制约

应用地层对比、砂岩岩相学和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学的方法,重建东巧—北拉地区物源转换和班公湖—怒江洋多期次俯冲及微陆块的拼合过程。研究表明:东卡错微陆块南侧的中下侏罗统希湖群下段表现为上三叠统确哈拉群的再旋回沉积,而北侧上段则开始出现来自羌塘地区的物质。这标志着北侧早侏罗世俯冲的东巧分支洋盆消亡,东卡错微陆块在中侏罗世与羌塘地块拼合开始形成初始周缘前陆盆地。接奴群的物源完全来自南羌塘地区,表明周缘前陆盆地在微陆块南侧北拉洋俯冲挤压下持续发育。晚侏罗世—早白垩世(147~141 Ma)拉萨地块和羌塘地块东西向全面碰撞,至早白垩世晚期(约120 Ma)南侧的分支洋盆北拉洋消亡代表碰撞结束。南羌塘地区受班公湖—怒江洋俯冲作用控制在早侏罗世发育由弧前—岩浆弧—弧后盆地组成的“一隆两坳”古地貌,并沉积了曲色组页岩和布曲组石灰岩。微陆块碰撞导致南羌塘盆地的隆起和海平面的下降,形成夏里组含膏质泥岩的潮坪相沉积。随着拉萨地块和羌塘地块的全面碰撞,南羌塘盆地从弧相关盆地卷入前陆盆地褶皱冲断带中,发生差异埋藏和隆升剥蚀。晚侏罗世—早白垩世,南羌塘盆地曲色组烃源岩和布曲组石灰岩在构造挤压作用下发生快速埋藏,进入生油和白云石化阶段,成为南羌塘盆地最重要的成藏期。

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带中段东巧豆荚状铬铁矿地球化学特征及构造意义

东巧蛇绿岩位于班公湖-怒江缝合带中段北部,岩石组合为方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩、铬铁岩、辉长岩、辉石岩、玄武岩和少量的硅质岩。东巧铬铁矿石的铬尖晶石化学成分表明岩体内同时存在高铬型铬铁矿(Cr#值为60.7~79.8,Mg#值为57.2~68.1)和高铝型铬铁矿(Cr#值为56.4~59.6,Mg#值为67.2~72.7)。高铬型铬铁矿体多呈稠密浸染状,部分为致密块状,而高铝型铬铁矿体规模较小,兼具稠密浸染状和稀疏浸染状。两种铬铁矿矿体的围岩都是纯橄岩,并且矿体以透镜状分布于方辉橄榄岩中。从纯橄岩包壳到条带浸染状铬铁矿石的过渡带中,铬尖晶石呈Cr#值增加(67.2~68.5),Mg#值降低(57.4~74.6)的特点,表明东巧地幔橄榄岩及其铬铁矿可能经历了一定程度的熔-岩反应。方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石Fo值为91.2~92.3,铬尖晶石Cr#值为70.2~75.1;纯橄岩橄榄石Fo值为92.7~92.9,铬尖晶石Cr#值为75.4~76.6,与班公湖-怒江缝合带上丁青、切里湖、依拉山等岩体较为相似,表明东巧地幔橄榄岩形成条件可能与其相近。东巧地幔橄榄岩具有弧前地幔橄榄岩稀土元素特征,微量元素配分模式与Izu-Bonin-Mariana具有极高相似性,指示东巧蛇绿岩可能形成于板块俯冲消减带上盘海底扩张环境。铬铁矿的铂族元素(PGE)配分模式与罗布莎高铬铬铁矿相似,具有富集IPGE、亏损PPGE的特点。对东巧地幔橄榄岩及其铬铁矿平衡熔体进行分析,高铬型铬铁矿形成于俯冲带上岛弧环境(SSZ型)的弧前盆地,高铝型铬铁矿形成于洋中脊型环境(MOR型),并对比班-怒带毗邻岩体,指示东巧地幔橄榄岩及其铬铁矿经历了MOR→SSZ的多期次演化过程。

西藏丁青蛇绿岩早侏罗世堆晶斜方辉石岩的弧前特征及其地质意义

丁青蛇绿岩位于班公湖-怒江缝合带东段,其形成时代和构造背景还存在争议,而洋壳底部的堆晶岩能够较好限定古洋盆的构造环境。本文在对丁青东蛇绿岩扎西觉测区开展1/5万地质填图过程中,识别出堆晶杂岩底部的伟晶斜方辉石岩与方辉橄榄岩呈构造接触。伟晶辉石岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为189.56±0.46Ma。斜方辉石平衡温度为919.23~964.93℃(平均939.51℃),与角闪石的结晶温度(915.29~939.5℃,平均930.27℃)相似。伟晶辉石岩的形成压力大致在0.31~0.47GPa,结晶深度至少为13.53~18.44km,明显大于现代海域扩张脊的洋壳厚度。辉石岩的矿物和全岩地球化学成分以及计算的平衡熔体均与玻安质岩浆相似,结合辉石岩下部方辉橄榄岩具有弧前地幔橄榄岩和大陆岩石圈地幔这一特征,本文认为丁青东早侏罗世伟晶斜方辉石岩形成于洋-陆俯冲带的弧前环境。

西藏丁青蛇绿岩高铬型和高铝型铬铁矿的矿物化学和矿物包裹体特征及其对构造环境的指示意义

班公湖-怒江蛇绿岩带是目前我国铬铁矿找矿最有潜力的成矿带之一,在我国铬铁矿找矿与铬资源供应中具有极其重要的地位。丁青蛇绿岩作为班怒带中出露面积最大和铬铁矿矿点最多的岩体,同时发育高铬和高铝两种类型的铬铁矿。本研究以丁青蛇绿岩中的高铬型和高铝型铬铁矿矿石及其围岩地幔橄榄岩为研究对象,开展了详细的岩石学、矿物包裹体和矿物化学等分析与研究工作。研究显示,高铬型和高铝型铬铁矿矿石与围岩纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩的铬尖晶石的矿物化学、包裹体类型和组合及其成分等特征均表现出显著的不同。高铬型铬铁矿矿石中铬尖晶石的Cr^(#)值为70.51~73.51,NiO在0.05%~0.16%之间,TiO_(2)=0.05%~0.17%。高铝型铬铁矿矿石中铬尖晶石的Cr^(#)值为30.84~31.87,NiO=0.15%~0.27%,TiO_(2)=0.14%~0.28%。高铬型铬铁矿矿石中铬尖晶石的矿物包裹体以角闪石和单斜辉石为主,高铝型铬铁矿矿石中的铬尖晶石则以橄榄石和角闪石与单斜辉石的多晶矿物包裹体为主。通过铬尖晶石主量元素计算成矿母岩浆的组成,高铬型铬铁矿矿石及其围岩纯橄岩中铬尖晶石的母岩浆组成反映了弧前玻安岩的地球化学特征,而高铝型铬铁矿矿石及其围岩纯橄岩中铬尖晶石的母岩浆组成表现出拉斑玄武岩特征。高铬型铬铁矿矿石及其围岩地幔橄榄岩的矿物化学和矿物包裹体数据指示其形成于弧前的构造环境,而高铝型铬铁矿形成于俯冲初始阶段的弧前环境。结合丁青地幔橄榄岩具有较高的部分融熔程度和大陆岩石圈地幔的Re-Os同位素特征,暗示丁青蛇绿岩可能形成于陆缘弧前环境。

藏北中仓地区晚白垩世岩浆岩成因及其对高原早期隆升的指示

青藏高原中部白垩纪晚期爆发了大规模的岩浆活动,并伴随着快速的地表隆升,然而其深部动力学机制一直存有较大的争议。本文对藏北中仓地区发育的闪长玢岩和英安岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年、全岩主微量元素和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析研究,以期为区域构造岩浆演化提供新的约束。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明闪长玢岩和英安岩均形成于晚白垩世(90~85 Ma),其中闪长玢岩具有高Sr含量、低Y含量和高Sr/Y值的特点,显示与埃达克岩的亲缘性,结合其较高的Mg^(#),研究认为是增厚榴辉岩相下地壳熔体混染地幔物质的产物。英安岩地球化学和同位素特征与闪长玢岩相似,反映了相同的岩浆源区,然而其强烈亏损Rb、Ba和Sr等易蚀变元素表明成岩后期经历了强烈蚀变作用。结合区域上同时期富Mg埃达克质岩浆爆发和大规模磨拉石沉积,本文认为青藏高原中部晚白垩世构造岩浆活动形成于班公湖—怒江缝合带碰撞后增厚下地壳拆沉过程,而深部拆沉同时触发了地表快速抬升,并由此形成了白垩纪古高原,为现代高原的形成奠定了基础。

藏北盐湖地区晚白垩世辉长岩:对班公湖‒怒江缝合带碰撞后拆沉作用的指示

青藏高原中部班公湖-怒江缝合带的两侧在晚白垩世经历了大规模的岩浆活动,但其深部动力学机制至今仍存有较大争议。本文对藏北盐湖地区新识别出的辉长岩进行了系统的锆石U-Pb定年、原位Hf同位素以及全岩主微量元素分析,旨在为该缝合带的构造演化过程提供新的约束。分析结果显示,辉长岩形成于~100 Ma,其地球化学特征与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似,具有明显的Nb-Ta元素亏损,εHf(t)值介于6.60~8.33之间。这些特征表明,辉长岩具有板内基性岩的地球化学属性,是软流圈地幔部分熔融熔体混染地壳物质的产物。结合区域上近同期基性岩脉和大规模高Mg埃达克质岩浆活动,本文认为盐湖辉长岩的形成于碰撞后伸展环境,是拉萨-羌塘地块碰撞后增厚榴辉岩相下地壳拆沉过程中,深部软流圈地幔上涌减压熔融的产物。盐湖辉长岩的发现为青藏高原中部晚白垩世碰撞后增厚下地壳拆沉模型提供了岩石学上的证据。

班公湖-怒江带、羌塘地块特提斯演化与成矿地质背景

早古生代—泥盆纪,研究区沉积环境以陆棚碎屑岩相和碳酸盐台地相为主,代表冈瓦纳大陆北缘和特提斯南侧的被动大陆边缘。石炭纪—二叠纪,本区进入特提斯南、北缘弧盆系统演化阶段,龙木错-双湖带北部、金沙江带南部和冈底斯带分别在石炭纪、二叠纪形成岩浆弧。中生代是特提斯南缘弧盆演化阶段,SSZ型蛇绿岩形成岩浆熔离型铬、镍、铂族金属矿床和热液型金矿。班公湖-怒江带特提斯在中侏罗世至早白垩世向南、北两侧俯冲并形成岩浆弧,该岩浆弧是重要的成矿带,形成斑岩铜矿、矽卡岩型磁铁矿和热液型多金属矿床。北羌塘东段侏罗纪弧后前陆盆地有利于形成沉积型、沉积-热液改造型和热液型铁、铜、锑、金矿床。晚白垩世碰撞作用主要与热液型矿床有关,分布范围较大,也可能存在晚白垩世至新生代碰撞阶段的斑岩铜矿。

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带——深部地球物理结构给出的启示

通过跨越缝合带的综合地球物理和地质调查研究,查明了地质上推测的“班公湖-怒江缝合带”的深部结构和构造,提出了下述观点现有资料尚不足以证明,“班公湖-怒江缝合带”是严格意义上的缝合带,而趋向表明是一个老的弧后拉张区,在后来的印度大陆与拉萨地块碰撞挤压过程中,先是沉积了巨厚的第三纪地层,仅在20Ma(?)以来才转变成挤压体制,形成多条逆冲断裂;纳木错-申扎逆冲的蛇绿岩片带代表着侏罗纪洋的主要缝合带位置,在其闭合过程中洋壳与陆壳一起向北发生俯冲,并形成班戈岩带所代表的岩浆弧,在岩浆弧后出现了拉张区;下地壳向北挤压增厚,物理性质不同的上、下地壳之间相互运动而形成了一条缓倾的剪切片理化带,南北长达300km,命名为主羌塘逆冲断裂带(MQT);并使班戈岩片整体向南逆推上去,致使地壳分层增厚;在拉张期伦坡拉小地块向下运动,20Ma以后转变成压缩体制后又开始向上逆推,再加上后期的剥蚀,致使班戈深成岩体出露于地表;唐古拉山、各拉丹冬等年轻的火山岩浆带与地表显示的构造活动无直接关系,推测应是地壳深层作用引起的构造岩浆活动的显示。

西藏班公湖-怒江结合带北缘多龙地区侏罗纪增生杂岩的特征及意义

西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带北部多龙矿集区出露的增生杂岩属总体无序、局部有序的非史密斯地层,由基质和块体2个部分组成。基质为侏罗系砂泥质复理石建造,块体由大小不等的玄武岩、砂岩、硅质岩、泥质灰岩、超基性岩等组成。增生杂岩系变形强烈,发育强烈的构造置换作用,块体与基质之间由透入性挤压面理或剪切面理分隔,为典型造山带大陆增生边缘的增生杂岩。这套增生杂岩形成于侏罗纪羌塘陆块南缘的侧向增生边缘,发育于晚古生代增生杂岩系之上,与班公湖-怒江中特提斯洋壳侏罗纪时期向羌塘陆块的俯冲作用有关,侏罗纪—白垩纪羌多岩浆弧为在这套增生楔基础上发育起来的火山-岩浆弧。班公湖-怒江结合带北缘多龙地区侏罗纪增生杂岩的识别为正确认识多龙超大型斑岩铜金矿床的成矿地质背景和结合带的演化提供了新的线索。

西藏尼玛县塔色普勒地区去申拉组火山岩的发现及其地质意义

对塔色普勒地区新发现的去申拉组火山岩进行了系统的地球化学和年龄研究。根据主量元素特征,将区内火山岩划分为富镁安山岩、英安岩和高分异流纹岩3种类型。富镁安山岩具有较高的MgO含量和Mg#值,是俯冲板片熔体与地幔楔相互作用的产物;英安岩与高分异流纹岩具有同源岩浆的特征,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K、Pb,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、Sr等元素,并具有较高的Rb/Sr值,可能是地壳部分熔融经历了不同分异作用形成的。对流纹岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得103Ma±1Ma和107Ma±1Ma的年龄值,显示区内去申拉组火山岩形成于早白垩世晚期。研究认为,区内去申拉组火山岩形成的地球动力学背景是早白垩世晚期班公湖-怒江洋壳向南俯冲过程中发生的板片断离,塔色普勒地区班公湖-怒江洋的陆-陆碰撞时间在107Ma左右。