Spatiotemporal characteristics of seed rain and soil seed bank of artificial Caragana korshinskii Kom. forest in the Tengger Desert, China

Vegetation restoration and reconstruction are effective approaches to desertification control and achieving social and economic sustainability in desert areas.However,the self-succession ability of native plants during the later periods of vegetation restoration remains unclear.Therefore,this study was conducted to bridge the knowledge gap by investigating the regeneration dynamics of artificial forest under natural conditions.The information of seed rain and soil seed bank was collected and quantified from an artificial Caragana korshinskii Kom.forest in the Tengger Desert,China.The germination tests were conducted in a laboratory setting.The analysis of species quantity and diversity in seed rain and soil seed bank was conducted to assess the impact of different durations of sand fixation(60,40,and 20 a)on the progress of vegetation restoration and ecological conditions in artificial C.korshinskii forest.The results showed that the top three dominant plant species in seed rain were Echinops gmelinii Turcz.,Eragrostis minor Host.,and Agropyron mongolicum Keng.,and the top three dominant plant species in soil seed bank were E.minor,Chloris virgata Sw.,and E.gmelinii.As restoration period increased,the density of seed rain and soil seed bank increased first and then decreased.While for species richness,as restoration period increased,it gradually increased in seed rain but decreased in soil seed bank.There was a positive correlation between seed rain density and soil seed bank density among all the three restoration periods.The species similarity between seed rain or soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation decreased with the extension of restoration period.The shape of the seeds,specifically those with external appendages such as spines and crown hair,clearly had an effect on their dispersal,then resulting in lower seed density in soil seed bank.In addition,precipitation was a crucial factor in promoting rapid germination,also resulting in lower seed density in soil seed bank.Our findings provide valuable insights for guiding future interventions during the later periods of artificial C.korshinskii forest,such as sowing and restoration efforts using unmanned aerial vehicles.

Research on Early Warning of Banking Crises from the Perspective of Credit Structures

The relationship between credit expansion and banking crises is complex and cannot be fully explained by total credit alone.A systematic analysis of the relationship between the amount and structure of total credit and banking crises is important for an objective prediction of the influence of potential financial risks.This paper,drawing on data from 15 selected countries,delves into the power of credit indicators in the early warning of banking crises from the perspectives of industrial structure,sector structure,and term structure of credit.Various machine learning methods were used,including Logistic Regression,Random Forest,Decision Tree,Support Vector Machine(SVM),Bagging,and Boosting models.The empirical findings indicate that credit expansion plays a crucial role in triggering banking crises.However,total credit is better suited for the early warning of short-term banking crises,whereas credit structure is more useful for the early warning of long-term banking crises.Moreover,in an early warning system,identifying key early warning indicators is more meaningful than merely increasing the number of indicators.Machine learning can somewhat enhance the early warning power,but it may not always be robust.Therefore,more attention should be paid to potential systemic banking crises resulting from an imbalance in credit structure while regulating the total credit threshold.

The Impact of the Monetary Policy During the COVID-19 in the Brazilian Banking Sector

The COVID-19 pandemic caused an outbreak on the global productive chains,transforming companies and society in general.Governments adopted anticyclical policies such as basic interest rates reduction as response.Brazil basic interest rate is denominated Selic.The application of these policies requires the protagonist of bank’s financial intermediation.This study aims to verify two events-under the perspective of the efficient markets’theory.The first is the communication of the first death by COVID-19-and the subsequent,Selic rate reduction to 2%p.a.-and its effects on bank’s shares prices.The hypotheses presented are:H1-The announcement of the first death by COVID-19 negatively impacts the banks’shares returns and H2-The announcement of the Selic interest rate-during the COVID-19-positively impacts the return of the banks’shares.We adopt event study methodology in a final sample of nine and 15 banks to Events 1 and 2 respectively.The results confirm H1 as well as the semi-strong informational efficiency market.H2 is not confirmed.Results confirm the non-effectiveness of the anticyclical policy of basic interest rate reduction.This contributes to the discussion about the impacts of COVID-19 and the efficacy of anticyclical policies.

GHG Emissions of Italian Unlisted Firms and Bank Debt

In this paper I investigate the effect of the greenhouse gas emissions of a sample of 478 Italian unlisted firms on their bank debt,in the context of the growing attention and awareness for climate change issue.My findings show that unlisted firms generating low levels of greenhouse gas emissions borrow less long-term,short term,and total bank debt than unlisted firms generating high levels of greenhouse gas emissions,to finance their growth opportunities.Being the first work analyzing this topic,to the best of my knowledge,further empirical research could also investigate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the bank financing of unlisted firms of different countries,representing specific cultural and political approaches towards climate change problems.

ISO Certification and Technical Efficiency in the Banking Sector:An Evidence from WAEMU’s Countries Using the DEA Method

In the view of the international organization of standardization,the introduction of ISO standards is typical of quality management systems oriented towards strengthening the efficiency of enterprises.Business banks are not excluded from this requirement.The current study aims to evaluate the effect of ISO certification on the technical performance of WAEMU banks.Using BCEAO data(2020),the DEA model and Tobit estimates show that ISO certification has no effect on the efficiency scores of the banks in the sample.It is therefore appropriate for these banks to work on improving their business climate.

Research on the Impact of the Digital Transformation of Commercial Banks

The development of the digital economy has presented both opportunities and challenges for the transformation of commercial banks.This article aims to conduct a literature review on the impact of digital transformation on commercial banks and to explore the multi-dimensional effects it brings.Through a review and analysis of relevant domestic and international literature,this paper first defines the connotation of digital transformation in commercial banks.It then conducts a literature analysis and research on the strategic governance,business performance,and risk management aspects of the digital transformation of commercial banks from multiple perspectives.Based on the analysis of the existing literature,the paper explores directions for future in-depth research and offers corresponding policy suggestions,providing a theoretical and practical foundation for the future digital development of commercial banks.

Investigating customer churn in banking:a machine learning approach and visualization app for data science and management

Customer attrition in the banking industry occurs when consumers quit using the goods and services offered by the bank for some time and,after that,end their connection with the bank.Therefore,customer retention is essential in today’s extremely competitive banking market.Additionally,having a solid customer base helps attract new consumers by fostering confidence and a referral from a current clientele.These factors make reducing client attrition a crucial step that banks must pursue.In our research,we aim to examine bank data and forecast which users will most likely discontinue using the bank’s services and become paying customers.We use various machine learning algorithms to analyze the data and show comparative analysis on different evaluation metrics.In addition,we developed a Data Visualization RShiny app for data science and management regarding customer churn analysis.Analyzing this data will help the bank indicate the trend and then try to retain customers on the verge of attrition.

Research on the Impact of Digital Transformation on the Business Performance of Commercial Banks

Nowadays,with the development of the digital economy,commercial banks are actively conducting digital transformation.Studying the impact of the digital transformation of commercial banks on their operating performance can help commercial banks form a stronger core competitiveness and promote high-quality financial development.Based on the above background,this article first describes the status and development of digital transformation and development of commercial banks,and secondly analyzes whether Chinese commercial banks’digital transformation is conducive to improving their operating performance.Thirdly,by selecting the data of the listed commercial banks in the ten years of 2012–2022,this article obtains the empirical testing of the digital transformation on different property rights.Finally,the higher the level of digitalization,the higher the digital level,the more significantly promotes the performance of commercial banks.Finally,based on the above analysis,this article puts forward feasibility opinions on commercial banks and related regulators.

Study on the Countermeasures to Improve the Public Outdoor Leisure and Fitness Function on the Two Rivers and Four Banks in the Main Urban Area of Chongqing

The main urban area of Chongqing is surrounded by two rivers and set against each other.With its unique waterfront landscape,it has the resource conditions to become a leisure tourism destination.Intending to enhance people’s happiness,improve city quality,and promote Chongqing’s main urban area to become a tourist destination,this paper finds out the existing problems in the construction of public outdoor leisure and fitness facilities on the two rivers and four banks of Chongqing’s main urban area through investigation and analysis based on relevant experiences at home and abroad,takes the value chain theory as the guidance,and to find solutions to the problem.On this basis,combined with the law of economic operation,this paper puts forward the guiding ideology,principles,development goals,functional orientation,and development path for the improvement of public outdoor leisure and fitness on two rivers and four banks in the main city of Chongqing,and accordingly puts forward the policy system and guarantee measures for its improvement.

Preparation of DNA from Silica Gel Dried Mini_amount of Leaves of Oryza rufipogon for RAPD Study and Total DNA Bank Construction

Gene resources of Oryza rufipogon Griff. play a crucial role in rice breeding, and hence to study their conservation is of utter importance. The authors describe a method for preparation of DNA from mini_amount of the silica_gel_dried leaves of Oryza rufipogon . The high molecular weight DNAs of 1?168 individuals representing 44 populations have been obtained with high yields, which could be used for RAPD PCR and construction of total DNA bank of this species. The template DNA from silica_gel_dried leaves stored for one year at room temperature gave the same RAPD results as that from the newly prepared silica_gel_dried leaves. The optional template DNA concentrations for amplification ranged from 3.1 ng to 50 ng. In addition, the quality and quantity of the template DNAs that affect RAPD results are also discussed.

多核共享缓存bank冲突分析及其延迟最小化

在硬实时多核系统中,共享资源冲突的问题为硬实时任务的最差情况下执行时间(WCET)分析带来了新挑战.虽然现有的共享缓存冲突分析技术在storage冲突方面已取得研究进展,但对于bank冲突而言,现有研究仍局限于通过界定bank冲突延迟上限来分析和处理bank冲突.该文通过优化核-bank映射关系来使硬实时多核系统中的bank冲突延迟最小化,即在对bank冲突延迟进行分析的基础上,首先通过优化核-bank之间的映射关系来消除bank冲突;若无法消除,则需要寻找能使bank冲突延迟最小化的核-bank映射关系解,并为此设计了一种基于多核总线请求时间序列的bank冲突延迟求解算法.最后,文中设计了能够对总线访问延迟进行消重的多核硬实时任务WCET估算方法.实验结果表明:文中所提的优化方法可消除这类bank冲突或使其延迟最小化,文中所提的WCET估算方法与现有估算方法相比可获得更精确的最差情况下执行时间(WCET).

Heterogeneity in Soil Seed Banks in a Mediterranean Coastal Sand Dune

Characteristics of total soil seed banks and permanent soil seed banks in three microhabitats in a Mediterranean coastal sand dune were investigated by using natural germination method combined with physically scanning separation method. The composition and structure of soil seed banks were analyzed between the microhabitats by using functional group method. The distribution patterns of soil seed bank were also analyzed between the microhabitats. We also analyzed the relationship between seed size and seed persistence in soil. The results show greatly spatial heterogeneity existed in soil seed bank of the Mediterranean coastal sand dune, even in the same microhabitats seed distribution was uneven. Sometimes a great difference occurred between them. Microhabitats significantly affected the distribution patterns of total soil seed banks and seed banks of the functional groups. The open area generally had the greater densities of seeds, but the seed densities under shrub and in trail were lower than that in the open area. Legumes seeds accounted for 76.0% total persistent seed banks. Annual and perennial grasses produced transient seed banks as no seeds were retrieved from the sieved soils. Seed persistence of legumes, umbeliferaes, perennial forbs, compositaes, annual forbs, crucifer decreased gradually. They were 50.1%, 45.6%, 40.6%, 6.3%, 5.6% and 0.6% respectively in the soil. There was a positive relationship between seed size and seed persistence. Bigger seeds had higher persistence, and vice versa.

Characteristics of Soil Seed Bank and Natural Regenerations in Pinus densata Natural Forest of Southeast Tibet

Pinusdensata is one of the main constructive species for coniferous forests in southeast Tibet. P. densata forests are important water conservation forests in the drainage basins of the middle and lower reaches of Yalu Tsangpo River, Nyang River and Parlung Zangbo River. In this study, with P. densata forest distributed in southeast Tibet as research object, the seed rain, soil seed bank, seed germination and natural regeneration of P. densata were monitored and ana- lyzed by field investigation, located monitoring and indoor experimental analysis. The results showed that the average intensity of the seed rain of P. densata was 249.30±78.42 seeds/m2, in which the intensity of full seeds was 168.09±56.36 seeds/m2, the intensity of seeds damaged by worms was 41.11±20.25 seeds/m2, and the intensity of empty seeds was 40.10±21.04 seeds/m2. The intensity of the seed rain exhibited a single-peak trend of increasing at first and decreasing then over time. The spatial distribution patterns in the whole seed falling process and at different seed falling time all exhibited clumping distribution, and within in certain range, with the distance from the seed tree increasing, the diffusion intensity of the seed rain was weakened, exhibiting approximately normal distribution. In average density of P. densata seeds in the soil seed bank of P. densata was 231 seeds/m2, in which 62.77% of seeds were distributed in the litter layer, and 37.23% of seeds were distributed in the soil layer, and about 8% of seeds were lost during the pro- cess from seed rain to soil seed bank. Field sowing observation showed that the accumulated germination rate curve of P. densata fitted with Logistics equation y= 91.404/（1＋e66194.449）. The height structure, basal diameter structure and age structure of seedlings and young trees of P. densata were all of reverse ＂J＂ type, indicating good natural regeneration of P. densata. This study would provide a science basis for protection and resource management of P. densata, and further enrich the eval- uation content of national ecological safety curtain of the Tibet plateau.

Effect of Different Soak Treatments on Breaking Seed Dormancy in Soil Seed Bank from Different Degraded Grasslands

[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of different soak treatments on breaking seed dormancy in soil seed bank from different degraded grasslands. [Method] Different concentrations of H2SO4,GA3 and KNO3 were used for soaking the seeds in the soil seed bank from different degraded grasslands,and the germination number of seeds was detected. [Result] When the seeds from soil seed bank were soaked with 60%,70%,80% and 90% H2SO4,the germination number of seeds was 0,indicating that the germination of seeds was inhibited; when the seeds were soaked with GA3,the germination number of seeds increased with the concentration of GA3 increasing. When the concentration of GA3 increased to 0.10%,the germination of seeds was inhibited; when the seeds were soaked with 0.2% KNO3,the germination number of seeds was greater than the blank control. [Conclusion] The number of remaining seeds was more in the soil seed banks collected from moderately degraded grassland and heavily degraded grassland; while the number of remaining seeds was small in the soil seed banks collected from lightly degraded grassland and extremely degraded grassland.

基于回答集编程的Banks选举求解方法

采用启发式算法的Banks选举在进行求解时执行效率较低。为解决该问题,提出一种基于回答集编程(ASP)的求解方法。通过建立Banks选举问题到ASP问题的映射,编写相对应的ASP,调用回答集求解器进行求解,得到的每一个ASP模型就是Banks选举问题的一个解。实验结果表明,当问题规模为200时,该方法的求解时间为4.196 s,求解效率高于手工启发式方法。

DC-BANK抗晃电技术及问题研究

介绍DC-BANK技术的基础上指出了现行DC-BANK系统中存在的一些问题,包括支撑的可靠性问题、通信问题、设备间的隔离问题以及系统本身的供电问题等,并提出了解决方案。

Efficient channelized technology based on filter banks

With the appearance of novel radar signal with low intercept probability, the bandwidth of radar receiver is wider and wider. Wideband digital receiver becomes a research hotspot in the field of communication, radar and electronic reconnaissance, etc. As one of wideband digital receiver systems, digital channelized receiver has become a research emphasis due to the characteristics of full probability receiving and processing multiple signals. Digital channelized technology and signal sampling theory are deeply studied and an efficient channelized model is derived based on filter banks. The correctness of the model is verified by computer simulation The model has less computation compared with the traditional model, which is suitable for engineering application

印度洋撒雅德玛哈浅滩(Saya de Malha Bank)底层延绳钓渔场丝尾红钻鱼生物学特性

利用2005年10月至2006年1月印度洋公海撒雅德玛哈浅滩(Saya de Malha Bank)丝尾红钻鱼(Etelis coruscans)延绳钓渔获物生物学测定数据,应用统计及回归方法分别对310尾丝尾红钻鱼的性腺成熟度、性别比例、叉长分布、叉长与体质量(GW)的关系等进行了研究。结果表明:(1)雄性个体所占比例高于雌性个体,雌性与雄性个体的性别比例为1∶2.39;(2)丝尾红钻鱼性腺成熟度以Ⅴ、Ⅵ级为主,Ⅴ级比例最高,占60.80%,其中分性别统计,雌性、雄性丝尾红钻鱼的性腺成熟度皆为Ⅴ级比例最高,分别为52.27%和65.24%,雌性丝尾红钻鱼中性腺成熟度Ⅵ级个体比例(30.68%)远高于雄性样本中性腺成熟度Ⅵ级个体比例(5.71%);(3)叉长分布基本上符合正态分布,优势叉长为683～803mm,平均叉长为747mm,在同一性腺成熟度时,雌性丝尾红钻鱼的平均叉长略大于雄性丝尾红钻鱼的平均叉长;(4)根据幂函数回归所得叉长(FL)与体质量(W)的关系式为W=9.4390×10-6FL3.0817,其生长指数b值略大于太平洋海域丝尾红钻鱼种群的生长指数b值;(5)雌雄个体叉长与体质量关系式比较发现,在叉长小于897mm时,雄性个体的体质量大于雌性个体体质量。在叉长大于897mm时,则雌性个体体质量大于雄性个体体质量。

基于LFBank与FBank混合特征的声纹识别研究

语音特征提取是声纹识别过程中的重要步骤,对于声音频率的分布男性与女性差距较大,但现有的特征提取算法并没有针对不同性别声音频率特性做出相应改进。针对上述问题,提出了为女性声纹识别所设计的语音特征提取算法LFBank,将线性滤波器组用于特征提取过程,利用其线性分布的特点弥补传统梅尔滤波器组提取高频区域信息时的不足。另一方面,为了突破单一性别局限,拓宽应用场景,综合线性滤波器组与梅尔滤波器组的优势,将LFBank与FBank特征结合得到混合特征向量进行声纹识别。将LFBank和常用特征FBank与MFCC进行实验对比,实验结果表明,基于线性滤波器组的特征向量在识别女性声音时更有优势。对于混合特征而言,在与单一特征的对比实验中,混合特征能够达到比单一特征更好的识别效果,具有更广泛的应用场景。