针对Reputation机制中缺乏对高信誉值节点的奖励,以及Credit机制中静止的虚拟银行(VB:Virtual Bank)部署困难,同时交易价格无区分性等导致的激励效果不佳的问题,文中提出了一种新的基于Reputation和Credit的混合激励算法RCH(Reputation ...针对Reputation机制中缺乏对高信誉值节点的奖励,以及Credit机制中静止的虚拟银行(VB:Virtual Bank)部署困难,同时交易价格无区分性等导致的激励效果不佳的问题,文中提出了一种新的基于Reputation和Credit的混合激励算法RCH(Reputation and Credit based Hybrid incentive algorism)。RCH主要是采取一种P2P的模式(无需VB),根据提供转发服务节点与消息目的节点的亲密度以及接受转发服务节点的自私度来完成对不同服务质量,不同服务对象的区别定价,从而鼓励理性地自私节点更多的去帮助其他节点转发消息。通过理论分析和仿真实验得出:该算法与Reputation机制和Credit机制相比,在激励效果方面得到了较大的改善,最终都体现在交付率,平均延迟等指标的优化上。展开更多
Background:Banking is an important sector of Pakistan’s economy.It is general consideration that bank’s major activities saving and lending have positive impact on economic growth.So the aim of this study is to inve...Background:Banking is an important sector of Pakistan’s economy.It is general consideration that bank’s major activities saving and lending have positive impact on economic growth.So the aim of this study is to investigate this consideration and also investigate that either growth led deposits and credits,or deposit and credits led growth means the purpose of this study is to investigate the direction of this relationship.Methods:Johansen test of Co-integration and Granger Causality is employed by using time series data of Pakistan from 1961 to 2013.Results:The results show that two major activities of banking sector that are saving and lending don’t have any long run or short run causality towards economic growth so the general consideration of positive impact of these activities proved wrong in case of Pakistan.However there is unidirectional causality running from GDP growth to credit provided by banking sector which shows that economic prosperity or economic growth will have a major impact on lending activities of banks meaning that demand following hypothesis is true for Pakistan in case of GDP and Bank’s credit or we can say that growth led Bank’s credit in Pakistan.Conclusions:Hence Government and central bank should make policies by keeping this fact in consideration that bank’s two major activities that are saving and lending does not have impact on GDP growth.There might be other factors which influence economic growth of Pakistan more than banking sector these activities,which can be bank’s profitability,human resource,technology,infrastructure and other sectors of the economy.However GDP growth affects bank’s lending activities so during high economic growth year central bank and private bank’s management should introduce easy loans for businesses and industries and during poor economic growth years personal loan’s new schemes should be introduce by banks.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dividend distributions and earnings per share by moderating bank size as measured by its total assets on the stock market value of banks operating in Jordan durin...The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dividend distributions and earnings per share by moderating bank size as measured by its total assets on the stock market value of banks operating in Jordan during the period between 2011 and 2016.The hypotheses of the study were tested based on multiple and hierarchical regression method.The most important result of the study is that the earnings per share is the strongest variable that helps in predicting the stock market value of the bank shares,in addition to the significant effect of bank size as measured by its total assets.展开更多
On the eve of the grand celebrations marking the 45th anniversary for the founding of new China, the People’s Construction Bank of China, one of our country’s four pillars of the banking industry, welcomed its 40th ...On the eve of the grand celebrations marking the 45th anniversary for the founding of new China, the People’s Construction Bank of China, one of our country’s four pillars of the banking industry, welcomed its 40th birthday. The Government Administration Council decided on September 9, 1954, to establish the People’s Construction Bank of China to handle mainly appropriations for capital construction and floating capital loans for construction enterprises toexercise financial supervision of the rational use展开更多
Excessive liquidity seriously affects Chinese economy. Thus, various policy proposals have been submitted by some scholars. The author holds that whatever form it may take, reducing trade surplus would harm China’s e...Excessive liquidity seriously affects Chinese economy. Thus, various policy proposals have been submitted by some scholars. The author holds that whatever form it may take, reducing trade surplus would harm China’s economic development. On the other hand, it is difficult to boost domestic consumption by increasing the resident spending on food, clothing etc. In order to consolidate the policy of domestic demand, it is important to separate production and non-production investment and create better economic conditions by accelerating the development of non-production investment and increasing the supply of "housing, traveling and education" related consumption.展开更多
World Bank offered 255 million RMB Yuan bank loan and 10 million RMB Yuan donation in equivalent US dollars to"Sichuan Natural Gas Development and Energy-saving Project".This project includes evaluation and ...World Bank offered 255 million RMB Yuan bank loan and 10 million RMB Yuan donation in equivalent US dollars to"Sichuan Natural Gas Development and Energy-saving Project".This project includes evaluation and development of 13 gasfields and gas-bearing structures in the east-ern Sichuan,reformation of low-permeability gas fields,reformation and expanding of gas pipeline system and related environmental protection in Moxi,Bajiaocang in Middle Sichuan,technical assistance and personnel training,etc.The loan period is limited to 20 years,including five years of extension period.展开更多
The Hong Kong Monetary Authority(HKMA)recently published a package of policy initiativesto reform the local banking market.First of the two prominent features of thisreform package concerns the deregulation of therema...The Hong Kong Monetary Authority(HKMA)recently published a package of policy initiativesto reform the local banking market.First of the two prominent features of thisreform package concerns the deregulation of theremaining interest rate ceilings.The first phase of deregulation,scheduled totake place on July 1,2000,will see the展开更多
The Senior Seminar of Procurement was held on October 15th, 1997, atXi’ an City, Shaanxi Province, sponsored by the Ministry of Finance. The purpose was to improve regulatory regime in procurement management and solv...The Senior Seminar of Procurement was held on October 15th, 1997, atXi’ an City, Shaanxi Province, sponsored by the Ministry of Finance. The purpose was to improve regulatory regime in procurement management and solvethe problems in filling the model bidding documents.During the meeting, Mr. Preben Jensen, Procurement Adviser, CentralOperational Services Unit, East Asia and Pacific Region, from the WorldBank, and Mr. Luiz Gazoni, Sr. Operations Officer from Beijing, World BankResident Mission of China and Mrs. Wu Yingwei, Procurement Officer, fromthe World Bank Resident Mission of China, represented the seminar and gavethe lecture. The Chinese procurement experts also made the remark.The attendants who came from the project executed units and tenderingcompanies discussed the revision of the new procurement guidelines, the role展开更多
The People’s Bank of China promulgated andput in force days ago Regulation on Foreign Ex-change Accounts in China, according to which for-eign individuals or legal persons can open foreignexchange accounts to keep fo...The People’s Bank of China promulgated andput in force days ago Regulation on Foreign Ex-change Accounts in China, according to which for-eign individuals or legal persons can open foreignexchange accounts to keep foreign exchange fortrading B stock in China.As stipulated by the regulation, as to foreigncurrency stock accounts opened bydomestic insti-tutions with the income from issuing stocks, theirreceipt shall be income from issuing stocks anddisbursement shall be used for the purposes pro-vided for in the prospectus approved by securitiessupervising organs; as to foreign exchange ac-counts opened by foreign individuals or legal per-sons for trading B stocks in China.their receipt shallbe the income of trading stocks and foreign ex-change remitted or brought in from abroad, andtheir disbursement shall be used for buying andselling stocks.As provided in the regulation, for the purposeof opening B stock account to trade B stocks展开更多
The United States passed the Better Utilization of Investment Leading to Development(BUILD Act),as a counterweight to China’s overseas development activities.Under the Act,the US established a new federal agency,the ...The United States passed the Better Utilization of Investment Leading to Development(BUILD Act),as a counterweight to China’s overseas development activities.Under the Act,the US established a new federal agency,the U.S.International Development Finance Corporation(DFC),to enhance U.S.development financing capabilities.To better understand the impact of the DFC on China’s development finance,this article analyzes the DFC’s purpose,functions,structure,and funding.Then it focuses on the purpose of establishing the DFC,providing a preliminary analysis of the potential motivation for its establishment.It also compares the China Development Bank(CDB)and the DFC based on their focused sectors.Finally,through an in-depth analysis of financial frictions in China-U.S.relations,this article argues that the DFC competes with China’s overseas development financing activities in the context of broader strategic competition between China and the U.S.展开更多
文摘针对Reputation机制中缺乏对高信誉值节点的奖励,以及Credit机制中静止的虚拟银行(VB:Virtual Bank)部署困难,同时交易价格无区分性等导致的激励效果不佳的问题,文中提出了一种新的基于Reputation和Credit的混合激励算法RCH(Reputation and Credit based Hybrid incentive algorism)。RCH主要是采取一种P2P的模式(无需VB),根据提供转发服务节点与消息目的节点的亲密度以及接受转发服务节点的自私度来完成对不同服务质量,不同服务对象的区别定价,从而鼓励理性地自私节点更多的去帮助其他节点转发消息。通过理论分析和仿真实验得出:该算法与Reputation机制和Credit机制相比,在激励效果方面得到了较大的改善,最终都体现在交付率,平均延迟等指标的优化上。
文摘Background:Banking is an important sector of Pakistan’s economy.It is general consideration that bank’s major activities saving and lending have positive impact on economic growth.So the aim of this study is to investigate this consideration and also investigate that either growth led deposits and credits,or deposit and credits led growth means the purpose of this study is to investigate the direction of this relationship.Methods:Johansen test of Co-integration and Granger Causality is employed by using time series data of Pakistan from 1961 to 2013.Results:The results show that two major activities of banking sector that are saving and lending don’t have any long run or short run causality towards economic growth so the general consideration of positive impact of these activities proved wrong in case of Pakistan.However there is unidirectional causality running from GDP growth to credit provided by banking sector which shows that economic prosperity or economic growth will have a major impact on lending activities of banks meaning that demand following hypothesis is true for Pakistan in case of GDP and Bank’s credit or we can say that growth led Bank’s credit in Pakistan.Conclusions:Hence Government and central bank should make policies by keeping this fact in consideration that bank’s two major activities that are saving and lending does not have impact on GDP growth.There might be other factors which influence economic growth of Pakistan more than banking sector these activities,which can be bank’s profitability,human resource,technology,infrastructure and other sectors of the economy.However GDP growth affects bank’s lending activities so during high economic growth year central bank and private bank’s management should introduce easy loans for businesses and industries and during poor economic growth years personal loan’s new schemes should be introduce by banks.
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dividend distributions and earnings per share by moderating bank size as measured by its total assets on the stock market value of banks operating in Jordan during the period between 2011 and 2016.The hypotheses of the study were tested based on multiple and hierarchical regression method.The most important result of the study is that the earnings per share is the strongest variable that helps in predicting the stock market value of the bank shares,in addition to the significant effect of bank size as measured by its total assets.
文摘On the eve of the grand celebrations marking the 45th anniversary for the founding of new China, the People’s Construction Bank of China, one of our country’s four pillars of the banking industry, welcomed its 40th birthday. The Government Administration Council decided on September 9, 1954, to establish the People’s Construction Bank of China to handle mainly appropriations for capital construction and floating capital loans for construction enterprises toexercise financial supervision of the rational use
基金a research outcome of the author under a key program of National Social Sciences Fund (08AJY006)."An Argument on Excess Liquidity" and "Second Argument on Excess Liquidity"published on the fifth and sixth issues of the journal Finance&Trade Economics are also an outcome of this research
文摘Excessive liquidity seriously affects Chinese economy. Thus, various policy proposals have been submitted by some scholars. The author holds that whatever form it may take, reducing trade surplus would harm China’s economic development. On the other hand, it is difficult to boost domestic consumption by increasing the resident spending on food, clothing etc. In order to consolidate the policy of domestic demand, it is important to separate production and non-production investment and create better economic conditions by accelerating the development of non-production investment and increasing the supply of "housing, traveling and education" related consumption.
文摘World Bank offered 255 million RMB Yuan bank loan and 10 million RMB Yuan donation in equivalent US dollars to"Sichuan Natural Gas Development and Energy-saving Project".This project includes evaluation and development of 13 gasfields and gas-bearing structures in the east-ern Sichuan,reformation of low-permeability gas fields,reformation and expanding of gas pipeline system and related environmental protection in Moxi,Bajiaocang in Middle Sichuan,technical assistance and personnel training,etc.The loan period is limited to 20 years,including five years of extension period.
文摘The Hong Kong Monetary Authority(HKMA)recently published a package of policy initiativesto reform the local banking market.First of the two prominent features of thisreform package concerns the deregulation of theremaining interest rate ceilings.The first phase of deregulation,scheduled totake place on July 1,2000,will see the
文摘The Senior Seminar of Procurement was held on October 15th, 1997, atXi’ an City, Shaanxi Province, sponsored by the Ministry of Finance. The purpose was to improve regulatory regime in procurement management and solvethe problems in filling the model bidding documents.During the meeting, Mr. Preben Jensen, Procurement Adviser, CentralOperational Services Unit, East Asia and Pacific Region, from the WorldBank, and Mr. Luiz Gazoni, Sr. Operations Officer from Beijing, World BankResident Mission of China and Mrs. Wu Yingwei, Procurement Officer, fromthe World Bank Resident Mission of China, represented the seminar and gavethe lecture. The Chinese procurement experts also made the remark.The attendants who came from the project executed units and tenderingcompanies discussed the revision of the new procurement guidelines, the role
文摘The People’s Bank of China promulgated andput in force days ago Regulation on Foreign Ex-change Accounts in China, according to which for-eign individuals or legal persons can open foreignexchange accounts to keep foreign exchange fortrading B stock in China.As stipulated by the regulation, as to foreigncurrency stock accounts opened bydomestic insti-tutions with the income from issuing stocks, theirreceipt shall be income from issuing stocks anddisbursement shall be used for the purposes pro-vided for in the prospectus approved by securitiessupervising organs; as to foreign exchange ac-counts opened by foreign individuals or legal per-sons for trading B stocks in China.their receipt shallbe the income of trading stocks and foreign ex-change remitted or brought in from abroad, andtheir disbursement shall be used for buying andselling stocks.As provided in the regulation, for the purposeof opening B stock account to trade B stocks
文摘The United States passed the Better Utilization of Investment Leading to Development(BUILD Act),as a counterweight to China’s overseas development activities.Under the Act,the US established a new federal agency,the U.S.International Development Finance Corporation(DFC),to enhance U.S.development financing capabilities.To better understand the impact of the DFC on China’s development finance,this article analyzes the DFC’s purpose,functions,structure,and funding.Then it focuses on the purpose of establishing the DFC,providing a preliminary analysis of the potential motivation for its establishment.It also compares the China Development Bank(CDB)and the DFC based on their focused sectors.Finally,through an in-depth analysis of financial frictions in China-U.S.relations,this article argues that the DFC competes with China’s overseas development financing activities in the context of broader strategic competition between China and the U.S.
