Merger and Acquisition, the Next Day in the Hellenic Banking System, Evidence From the Greek Financial Crisis Period

The aim of this study is to examine if the merger of banks improves the profitability of banks before and after the completion of the merger,in the Hellenic Banking System.For this reason,data were collected one year before the merger took place and then for the following years.The consequences of merging banks using different financial indicators,such as the capital ratio index,the foreign-to-equity index and the loan burden numerator,were also investigated.The effectiveness of interpreting the improvement of the bank’s financial image before and after the merger,for the years 2007-2016,years,before and after the Greek Financial Crisis,in the mergers carried out in the Hellenic Banking System was examined.

Investigating the Financial Crisis in 2008 from the Perspective of Banking Systems

The financial crisis of 2008 precipitated by credit issues in the US housing market is probably one of the most profound financial events in recorded history.Its shockwaves have significantly affected almost every market centre as well as country in the world.The aim of this report is accordingly to investigate major reasons behind the crisis from a special angle of banking systems.In particular,problems hidden in regulations,mechanisms and systems in the wake of the financial crisis are focused specifically in this report.

Overcapitalization in China’s banking system

Increasing the required reserve ratio under the circumstances of immense excess reserve cannot tighten the money supply; it can, however, avoid loosening the money supply. Similarly, it cannot tighten the credit loan by raising the interest rates of deposits and loans, but it can stimulate the growth of credit loans. The soaring CPI, stock prices and housing prices do not result from excess liquidity. On the contrary, excess liquidity and its growth restrain their rapid growth.

Tapping excess capital in China’s banking system

Excessive liquidity seriously affects Chinese economy. Thus, various policy proposals have been submitted by some scholars. The author holds that whatever form it may take, reducing trade surplus would harm China’s economic development. On the other hand, it is difficult to boost domestic consumption by increasing the resident spending on food, clothing etc. In order to consolidate the policy of domestic demand, it is important to separate production and non-production investment and create better economic conditions by accelerating the development of non-production investment and increasing the supply of "housing, traveling and education" related consumption.

ICT as an Instrument of Enhanced Banking System

This study investigated the role of Information and Communications Technology in an enhanced banking operation using Diamond Bank Plc, Imo State as a case study. The study was motivated by the fact that most industries, financial institutions rely on gathering, processing, analyzing, and providing information in order to meet the needs of customers. It was based on data primarily, collected from both the primary and secondary sources which seek to investigate role of Information and Communications Technology in the banking industry. This piece of work, through direct investigation, interviews and questionnaires used to examine the role of Information and Communication Technology, plays in the banking industries and how it has affected the employment generation in the industries. It was gathered that ICT has positively affected the bank, the employees and the customers. The result also shows the application has improved banking services, maintained high level of proficiency and efficiency, reduced the long time spent on queues and brought about increase in employment opportunities.

The Research on Shadow Banking System in China

The shadow banking system has grown stronger in the process of evading supervision.Together with traditional commercial banks,it has become an important participant in the financial system,which has caused a fundamental change in the structure of the global financial system.As an exogenous reform force in China’s special period,Shadow Bank has become an important channel for financial resources to“disconnect from reality”.Despite the lack of substantial securitization,China’s shadow banking system has developed rapidly.This paper analyzes the development motivation.This paper believes that the scope of China’s shadow banking system can be defined according to the nature of the fund supply side.

Blockchain Application in Banking System

The 21st Century is all about technology. People are open to accepting new technologies as the need for modernization is increasing every single day. Blockchain is one of those new and revolutionary technologies that will have a significant impact on the market and industry. In layman’s terms, Blockchain is a data structure that stores transactional records while also ensuring security, transparency, and decentralization. There is a digital signature on every transaction on a blockchain, which proves the authenticity of the blockchain. In a Blockchain, data is stored which is tamper-proof and cannot be changed as it uses encryption and digital signatures. To change a record on a blockchain, one needs to change several records, and one needs to change the distributed ledger. That’s why it’s quite impossible to change the data which has already been entered into a Blockchain. The Blockchain is a technology that will allow transactions simply, safely, effectively, and also safely. This is a very promising technology. It’s already in a lot of places. It can also solve any problem in the banking sector. This technology became famous after introducing the first cryptocurrency, which is known as bitcoin. Right now, there is a huge problem with banking, and the Blockchain can solve these problems. This paper will demonstrate transacting over a secure, blockchain-based network and therefore eliminate the need for intermediary entities. This paper is a review-based paper that provides the application and opportunities of the Blockchain in the banking system. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the application and opportunities of the Blockchain for a secure banking system. In this review investigation and analysis of this paper at the beginning, related work from other authors in the same fields has been discussed. Then the working method of the Blockchain technology has been introduced with analysis. The use of blockchain technology for secure banking has been discussed. The main achievement of this paper is to demonstrate how the Blockchain works and how it can be useful in the secure banking industry.

A Banking System in Transition

THE four large state-owned commercial banks - the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of China, the Construction Bank of China, and the Agricultural Bank of China, constitute the backbone of the Chinese banking system. Owing to low efficiency, lack of capital, and a high rate of bad debts over time, however, the system was weak and ineffective. In order to redress the situation, late last century the Chinese government launched reforms to streamline these four commercial banks and their operations. The banks subsequently set up asset management companies to buy back and resolve non-performing assets. Their operational structure was also upgraded and optimized so as to improve management efficiency and economic performance.

Open banking and inclusive finance in the European Union:perspectives from the Dutch stakeholder ecosystem

In the European Union(EU),the revised Payment Services Directive(PSD2)aims to provide more convenient and customized financial products through open banking(OB)platforms.However,little attention has been paid to the role of OB in improving the financial well-being of the growing number of the EU’s underserved groups,which currently constitute approximately a quarter of its population.This study examines how the PSD2 and OB impact inclusive finance in the EU based on the perspectives of the Netherlands’ecosystem,one of the leaders in the EU’s financial technology(FinTech)landscape.A fundamental distinction can be drawn between the OB users and the ecosystem’s players.Regarding the impact of financial services on the users’inclusivity,while the PSD2 strengthens the infrastructure necessary for financial inclusion,many challenges remain,mainly because it was not designed for this purpose.This study identifies several areas of improvement that include adjustments to the know your customer and anti-money laundering processes for underserved customers,innovative ways to communicate the PSD2’s potential,and the regulation of technology providers’activities to build trust.Meanwhile,from the ecosystem’s position,there is a need to strengthen and improve microfinance regulation according to the opportunities provided by the PSD2 to support microfinance institutions(MFIs)in scaling up and reaching underserved clients across borders with innovative services.OB improvements can also be achieved by organizations formed by MFIs and FinTechs in collaboration with banks.Such hybrid institutions will combine the best features of each of them:knowledge of the needs of local underserved clients from MFIs,technological innovations from FinTechs,and large and trusted customer bases,infrastructures,and access to institutional investments and governments from banks.Finally,an EU inclusive OB sector depends on the centrality of trusted regulators as coordination bodies.The PSD2 requires adjustments for underserved populations’specific needs.OB improvements can be achieved by organizations formed by MFIs and Fin-Techs in collaboration with banks.Regulated technical service providers(TSPs)are crucial to building trust and customer adoption in OB.The European Banking Authority(EBA)may function as coordination body to design inclusive rules by engaging with OB stakeholders.As inclusive finance moves into open-finance and data eras,an increasing regulatory complexity and scope will require networks of innovative and trusted regulators.

Research on Early Warning of Banking Crises from the Perspective of Credit Structures

The relationship between credit expansion and banking crises is complex and cannot be fully explained by total credit alone.A systematic analysis of the relationship between the amount and structure of total credit and banking crises is important for an objective prediction of the influence of potential financial risks.This paper,drawing on data from 15 selected countries,delves into the power of credit indicators in the early warning of banking crises from the perspectives of industrial structure,sector structure,and term structure of credit.Various machine learning methods were used,including Logistic Regression,Random Forest,Decision Tree,Support Vector Machine(SVM),Bagging,and Boosting models.The empirical findings indicate that credit expansion plays a crucial role in triggering banking crises.However,total credit is better suited for the early warning of short-term banking crises,whereas credit structure is more useful for the early warning of long-term banking crises.Moreover,in an early warning system,identifying key early warning indicators is more meaningful than merely increasing the number of indicators.Machine learning can somewhat enhance the early warning power,but it may not always be robust.Therefore,more attention should be paid to potential systemic banking crises resulting from an imbalance in credit structure while regulating the total credit threshold.

A novel DPSS filter optimization scheme to reduce the intrinsic interference of FBMC-QAM systems

In order to reduce the intrinsic interference of the filter bank multicarrier-quadrature amplitude modulation(FBMC-QAM)system,a novel filter optimization scheme based on discrete prolate spheroidal sequences(DPSS)is proposed.Firstly,a prototype filter function based on DPSS is designed,since the eigenvalue can be used as an indicator of the energy concentration of DPSS,so a threshold is set,and the sequence with the most concentrated energy is selected under the threshold,that is,the sequence with the eigenvalue higher than the threshold,and the prototype filter function is rewritten as a weighted sum function of multiple eigenvectors.Under the energy constraints of the filter,the relationship between the eigenvectors and the intrinsic interference function is established,and the function problem is transformed into an optimization problem for the weighted coefficients.Through the interior point method,the most suitable weight is found to obtain the minimum intrinsic interference result.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that compared with the prototype filters such as Type1 and CaseC,the DPSS filter applying the proposed optimization algorithm can effectively suppress the intrinsic interference of the system and obtain a better bit error rate(BER)performance.

ISO Certification and Technical Efficiency in the Banking Sector:An Evidence from WAEMU’s Countries Using the DEA Method

In the view of the international organization of standardization,the introduction of ISO standards is typical of quality management systems oriented towards strengthening the efficiency of enterprises.Business banks are not excluded from this requirement.The current study aims to evaluate the effect of ISO certification on the technical performance of WAEMU banks.Using BCEAO data(2020),the DEA model and Tobit estimates show that ISO certification has no effect on the efficiency scores of the banks in the sample.It is therefore appropriate for these banks to work on improving their business climate.

Banking system reform,earnings quality and credit allocation

This paper investigates credit allocation before and after the 2003 banking system reform in China. We find that relationships between earnings quality and new short-term loans, long-term loans and total loans in listed companies changed significantly after the banking system reform, especially in stateowned listed companies. Further investigation shows that due to the influence of rent-seeking, banks have eased the earnings requirements of non-stateowned listed companies. These findings enhance our understanding of the economic consequences of the banking system reform and of credit discrimination under the new regime.

Government involvement in banking systems and economic growth:a comparison across countries

This study investigates 92 countries of different legal origins,including 25 English origin,44 French origin,11 Scandinavian and German origin,and 12 socialist origin countries.Compared to other countries,China has the highest government ownership of banks,and lies in the middle in terms of official supervisory power over banks,and government efficiency in governance.As regards economic development measured by per capita GDP growth,in the period from 1995 to 2015,China performed significantly better than all the other countries in the sample–countries varying in legal origin,government ownership of banks,level of economic and financial development,supervisory power over banks,and government efficiency.The findings are robust when we examine the country-years with similar per capita GDP as that of China.The regression results show that in some circumstances,higher government ownership of banks is associated with higher economic growth and the positive association is more significant in socialist origin countries.Further discussions suggest that the high government involvement in commercial banks fits in well with the unique characteristics of China–such as a large population,underdeveloped economy,imbalance in resources and development in different areas,as well as the utmost trust placed on the Chinese government and government owned banks–thus may benefit economic growth.

Private banking development in China under two organizational structures:Economic analysis from an organizational innovation perspective

This paper investigates optimal decisions for private banking development in China under two innovative organizational structures—the big retail mode(BRM)and the independent development mode(IDM).Under the BRM,the retail and private banking divisions form a cooperative relationship wherein the former transfers highnet-worth customers to the latter.In addition,retail banking receives a share of private banking revenues.We investigate the optimal revenue-sharing ratio between the two divisions and the optimal effort by private banking to serve transferred customers within the cooperative relationship.The analytical results show that as the private banking division becomes more developed,the optimal revenue-sharing ratio decreases,and the private banking division’s optimal effort to serve transferred customers decreases because it puts more effort into acquiring new customers.Under the IDM,the two divisions form a competitive relationship since they compete to acquire customers independently.We investigate customer acquisition efforts in this interdivisional competition.Optimal customer acquisition efforts by both divisions increase in potential assets and rates of return.This paper contributes to the literature by(1)analyzing financial innovation by private banks from an organizational perspective;(2)providing an economic analysis for private banking development in China.

Dental pulp stem cells and banking of teeth as a lifesaving therapeutic vista

Exfoliated deciduous or an extracted healthy adult tooth can be used to harvest,process,and cryogenically preserve dental pulp stem cells.Future stem cell-based regenerative medicine methods could benefit significantly from these mesenchymal stem cells.Teeth serve as a substantial source of mesenchymal stem cells,otherwise disposed of as medical waste.Care should be taken to store this treasure trove of stem cells.Collective responsibility of patients,dentists,and physicians is necessary to ensure that this valuable resource is not wasted and that every possible dental pulp stem cell is available for use in the future.The dental pulp stem cells(DPSC)inside teeth represent a significant future source of stem cells for regenerative medicine procedures.This review describes the ontogeny,the laboratory processing and collection,and isolation methods of DPSC.This review also discusses currently available stem cell banking facilities and their potential use in regenerative medicine procedures in dental and general medical applications in the future.

Does country risk impact the banking sectors’non‑performing loans?Evidence from BRICS emerging economies

This study aims to fill the gap in the literature by specifically investigating the impact of country risk on the credit risk of the banking sectors operating in Brazil,Russia,India,China,and South Africa(BRICS),emerging countries.More specifically,we explore whether the country-specific risks,namely financial,economic,and political risks significantly impact the BRICS banking sectors’non-performing loans and also probe which risk has the most outstanding effect on credit risk.To do so,we perform panel data analysis using the quantile estimation approach covering the period 2004–2020.The empirical results reveal that the country risk significantly leads to increasing the banking sector’s credit risk and this effect is prominent in the banking sector of countries with a higher degree of non-performing loans(Q.25=−0.105,Q.50=−0.131,Q.75=−0.153,Q.95=−0.175).Furthermore,the results underscore that an emerging country’s political,economic,and financial instabilities are strongly associated with increasing the banking sector’s credit risk and a rise in political risk in particular has the most positive prominent impact on the banking sector of countries with a higher degree of non-performing loans(Q.25=−0.122,Q.50=−0.141,Q.75=−0.163,Q.95=−0.172).Moreover,the results suggest that,in addition to the banking sectorspecific determinants,credit risk is significantly impacted by the financial market development,lending interest rate,and global risk.The results are robust and have significant policy suggestions for many policymakers,bank executives,researchers,and analysts.