Ancient Zhenyuan, Gateway to East Guizhou

This ancient city has a history going back over 2,000 years.It has witnessed the fusion of multiple ethnic cultures including the Miao,Dong,and Han,and hosts a number of cultural heritage sites.THE old town of Zhenyuan is located in Zhenyuan County,Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in southwest China’s Guizhou Province.Covering an area of just around three square kilometers,it sits on the banks of the Wuyang River and is surrounded by mountains.Zhenyuan has been a county for more than 2,281 years and was the prefectural capital during the Yuan(1271-1368)and Qing(1644-1911)dynasties.It is a multicultural region,with Miao,Dong,and other ethnic minorities making up nearly half of the population.

Chinese New Year Folk Culture Adds Impetus to Guizhou's Colorful Tourism Economy

During the Chinese New Year in 2024,a series of traditional folk activities were held all over Guizhou,attracting a large number of travelers,with the number of received travelers and comprehensive income of Guizhou reaching a new high.

Machine learning-based automatic construction of earthquake catalog for reservoir areas in multiple river basins of Guizhou province,China

Large reservoirs have the risk of reservoir induced seismicity.Accurately detecting and locating microseismic events are crucial when studying reservoir earthquakes.Automatic earthquake monitoring in reservoir areas is one of the effective measures for earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation.In this study,we first applied the automatic location workflow(named LOCFLOW)to process 14-day continuous waveform data from several reservoir areas in different river basins of Guizhou province.Compared with the manual seismic catalog,the recall rate of seismic event detection using the workflow was 83.9%.Of the detected earthquakes,88.9%had an onset time difference below 1 s,81.8%has a deviation in epicenter location within 5 km,and 77.8%had a focal depth difference of less than 5 km,indicating that the workflow has good generalization capacity in reservoir areas.We further applied the workflow to retrospectively process continuous waveform data recorded from 2020 to the first half of 2021 in reservoir areas in multiple river basins of western Guizhou province and identified five times the number of seismic events obtained through manual processing.Compared with manual processing of seismic catalog,the completeness magnitude had decreased from 1.3 to 0.8,and a b-value of 1.25 was calculated for seismicity in western Guizhou province,consistent with the b-values obtained for the reservoir area in previous studies.Our results show that seismicity levels were relatively low around large reservoirs that were impounded over 15 years ago,and there is no significant correlation between the seismicity in these areas and reservoir impoundment.Seismicity patterns were notably different around two large reservoirs that were only impounded about 12 years ago,which may be explained by differences in reservoir storage capacity,the geologic and tectonic settings,hydrogeological characteristics,and active fault the reservoir areas.Prominent seismicity persisted around two large reservoirs that have been impounded for less than 10 years.These events were clustered and had relatively shallow focal depths.The impoundment of the Jiayan Reservoir had not officially begun during this study period,but earthquake location results suggested a high seismicity level in this reservoir area.Therefore,any seismicity in this reservoir area after the official impoundment deserves special attention.

Temporal and Spatial Variation of Summer Extreme High Temperature in Guizhou Province from 1970 to 2020

Based on the daily maximum temperature data of 31 meteorological observation stations and some statistical methods, the temporal and spatial characteristics of summer extreme high temperature in Guizhou province from 1970 to 2020 are analyzed. The results indicate that: 1) The threshold of extreme high temperature (EHT) in summer in Guizhou province had a large spatial difference, with decreasing characteristics from the northeast to the southwest, it was negatively correlated with the altitude. 2) In most parts of Guizhou province, the extreme high temperature days (EHTD) in summer can reach about 4.2 d, the lowest EHTD occurred in the southernmost part. From June to August, the EHTD gradually increased, especially in Central and eastern parts of Guizhou province. However, the extreme high temperature intensity (EHTI) displayed similar distribution characteristics in summer, June, July and August, with larger value in the northeast part and lower value in the southwest part of Guizhou. 3) EHTD had a rising trend in almost stations, except for the PZ station, the increased range and intensity gradually increased from June to August. But the EHTI had a larger spatial difference, especially in June, it declined in most parts of Guizhou, the declined scope and intensity gradually decreased in July, and completely increased in August, this made EHTI show an increasing trend in summer in most parts the Guizhou province. 4) The averaged EHTD increased by 0.62 d/10a (p 0.1), the significant increase also occurred in August, but it increased insignificantly in June and July. The averaged EHTI had insignificant increase in summer and the three months. In general, the EHTD and EHTI increased in most parts of Guizhou province during the period of 1970-2020, this may be related to the changes of them in August.

Problems and Recommendations for Export of Guizhou Tea in the Context of Rural Revitalization Strategy

As a traditional advantageous industry in Guizhou and an important export product,tea plays an important role in the rural revitalization strategy.This paper first introduces the current situation of tea industry and export in Guizhou,then analyzes the problems that arise in the export process,and finally comes up with corresponding countermeasures and recommendations for the export development of tea,hoping to provide certain guidance and reference to the development of tea industry in Guizhou Province.

Species Composition and Diversity of Fagus longipetiolata in Leigong Mountain, Guizhou Province

[Objectives]To understand the species composition and diversity of Fagus longipetiolata community.[Methods]The F.longipetiolata community in Guizhou Province was investigated by typical plot method.[Results]There were 107 species of vascular plants belonging to 79 genera and 51 families in Leigong Mountain F.longipetiolata community,including 3 species of pteridophytes belonging to 3 genera and 3 families,104 species of spermatophytes belonging to 76 genera and 48 families,including 3 species of gymnosperms belonging to 3 genera and 3 families,and 101 species of angiosperms belonging to 73 genera and 45 families.The types of Leigong Mountain F.longipetiolata community were divided into 7 formations,and the top 10 important species of each formation were Fagaceae,followed by Lauraceae and Ericaceae.The change trend of tree layer richness index was formation I>formation IV>formation VI>formation III>formation VII>formation II>formation V;the dominance index was formation I>formation IV>formation V>formation VI>formation VII>formation III>formation II;H diversity index was formation V>formation II>formation I>formation III>formation VII>formation VI>formation IV;the evenness index is formation II>formation III>formation VI>formation VII>formation IV>formation I>formation V;the total diversity index of the community,formation I(3.67)was the highest,formation V(2.74)was the lowest,manifested as formation I>formation III>formation VI>formation II>formation IV>formation VII>formation V.[Conclusions]The community stability is closely related to its species composition,and the background species is the basis for the survival of the community;the existence of rare species can further enhance the community diversity index and enhance the community stability.

Coordinated Development of Tourism Economy and Ecological Environment Coupling in Mountainous Provinces:A Case Study of Guizhou

The degree of coupling coordination can reflect the intensity of interaction between multiple-indicator system,and can characterize the harmonious and consistent degree of benign correlation between them.It is an effective measurement method for analyzing the level of coordinated development of tourism economy and ecological environment coupling.Guizhou,a mountainous province,is taken as the research object in this paper.Using entropy method and coupling coordination model,the coordinated development level of tourism economy and ecological environment coupling during 2011-2020 is measured and analyzed,and the coordinated development strategies for the tourism economy and ecological environment coupling in Guizhou,a mountainous province,are proposed.

Geological characterization and exploration potential of shale gas in the Carboniferous Jiusi Formation,northern Guizhou and Yunnan provinces,SW China

Dark mudstones and shales of the Carboniferous Jiusi Formation are widely developed in northern Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, SW China. However, the distribution, reservoir characterization, and exploration potential of organic-rich shales in this area are yet to be quantified, thus limiting the prospect of shale gas in this area. This study investigates the basic geological conditions of Jiusi shale gas, using core data, well-logs, and some other test data, obtaining the following results. The organic-rich shales are mainly composed of deltaic-to-shallow-shelf deposits, with thickness ranging from 0 to 450 m, and above 350 m around the subsidence center. The organic matter is mainly type Ⅱ kerogen with TOC content of mostly 1%–2%, indicating a moderate maturity. The argillaceous shale reservoirs are indicative of strong heterogeneity, high clay minerals content, low porosity, low permeability, high specific surface area, and relatively developed secondary porosity. The gas-log anomaly intervals obtained from the survey wells have a cumulative thickness that is apparently greater than 200 m, and a few shale intervals showing high desorbed and adsorbed gas contents. Due to complex structures in the study area, conditions responsible for shale gas occurrence and trapping are generally moderate. However, areas having wide and gentle folds with moderate depth of burial reveals relatively favorable conditions of hydrocarbon traps. In contrast with typical marine-continental transitional shales, the Jiusi shale have better geological conditions for shale gas preservation. The analysis of the geological framework and hydrocarbon potential of Carboniferous Jiusi Formation provide more insight for the exploration of Carboniferous shale gas in southern China.

伪狂犬病病毒Guizhou-DY株的分离鉴定及致病性研究

通过采集疑似猪伪狂犬病流产胎儿病料，采用细胞接毒分离培养、病毒蚀斑纯化、病毒的形态结构观察、易感动物接种试验和病毒核酸鉴定分离到1株伪狂犬病病毒（PRV），命名为PRVGuizhou—DY株（GenBank登录号为JX417716）；为了摸清其理化特性，进一步对Guizhou—DY分离株进行了耐热、耐酸及脂溶性敏感性试验、核酸类型鉴定及病毒毒价测定，同时进行病毒致病性试验。分离鉴定结果表明：病料接种Vero细胞盲传至第2代时产生明显CPE，盲传至第4代可出现稳定的CPE；病毒粒子在电镜下呈椭圆形、有囊膜、直径为120～180nm，核内可见呈晶格状排列的病毒包涵体；病毒悬液接种家兔能引起家兔奇痒、麻痹死亡；理化特性研究表明：该病毒是一种耐热不耐酸且对氯仿敏感的DNA病毒，gE全基因序列与PRVGZ—Z1株、Fa株及Ea株的相似性分别为97．60A、98．9％和99．4％，其TCID50为10-9.71·100μL-1，PFu为109·mL-1. 攻毒组猪体温升高，临床症状较为明显，在攻毒后第5天开始出现中和抗体，第21天达到最高。该研究可为PRV病原学研究提供参考。

伪狂犬病病毒Guizhou-T1株的分离鉴定及其遗传变异研究

为了解贵州猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)流行株的病原形态特征、致病性及遗传变异情况,本实验对收集自贵州规模化猪场伪狂犬病净化过程中PCR检测的阳性病料样品,采用细胞接毒分离培养、病毒的形态结构观察和易感动物接种试验对其病原进行鉴定。结果显示,本研究分离到一株PRV,命名为PRV Guizhou-T1株;并对其进行病毒效价的测定及g E基因核苷酸和氨基酸序列差异性分析。结果显示:PRV Guizhou-T1株gE基因序列与GZ-Z1株和Guizhou-DY株同源性分别为97.5%和99.3%,其TCID_(50)为10^(-10.11)/100μL;PRV Guizhou-T1株在gE基因编码的氨基酸序列第48和第496位均有天冬氨酸(Asp D)的插入,与PRV变异株变异位点一致,且在其第48位缺失酪氨酸(Tyr Y)。表明本研究分离得到了一株PRV变异株。本研究可为贵州PRV病原学的研究提供参考。

Limited Heredity Diversity of the Critically Endangered Guizhou Golden Monkeys

Guizhou golden monkey(Rhinopithecus brelichi)was a unique,endangered and endemic primate species in Guizhou Province.It was an isolated population caused by habitat loss and fragmentation due to the human disturbance in the recently 30 years in China,only distributed in Fanjingshan National Natural Reserve,Guizhou Province.To know the background with demonic population structure,we sequenced 867 bp of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop from 312 fresh fecal samples,results showed there 11 haplotypes among these samples,h was 0.517,πwas 0.00413.It indicated that this species had the lowest genetic diversity among four golden monkeys in China and need strengthen the conversation concern for this species immediately.

Conodont Evidence for the Age of the Panxian Fauna,Guizhou,China

Detailed conodont analysis on the Yangjuan-Chupiwa section, Xinmin, Panxian County, Guizhou Province, revealed a conodont sequence including four Anisian conodont zones, viz. Nicoraella germanica Zone, Nc. kockeli Zone, Paragondolella bifurcata Zone and Neogondolella constricta Zone. These zones indicate that the upper Guanling Formation consists of strata from the Bithynian to the lllyrian of the Anisian. Appearance of Neogondolella constricta suggests that the Anisian/Ladinian boundary might be in the overlying Yangliujing Formation. The Panxian Fauna with well-preserved marine reptile and fish fossils is proved to belong to the lower part of the conodont Nc. kockeli Zone in the studied area. Thus, the age of the Panxian Fauna could be the early Pelsonian of the Anisian.

Kaili Biota: A Taphonomic Window on Diversification of Metazoans from the Basal Middle Cambrian: Guizhou, China

A Burgess Shale-type biota is, in part, characterized by a wide diversity of taxa and soft-part preservation. Each provides unique historical insights into early metazoan evolution. Among the more than 40 globally distributed biotas, the early Cambrian Chengjiang and Middle Cambrian Burgess-type biotas are the largest. The Kaili Biota, from the earliest Middle Cambrian of Guizhou, China, contains representatives of 110 metazoan genera belonging to 10 phyla. It contains many well-persevered soft-bodied specimens. This Chinese biota has become the third most taxonomically diverse Burgess Shale-type fauna. Because the Kaili Biota formed in an outer-shelf environment, its main faunal character is large numbers of eocrinoids and planktoic trilobites. The Kaili is younger than the Chengjiang Biota but older than the Canadian Burgess Shale Biota; it shares 30 genera with the Chengjiang and 38 genera with the Burgess Biota. The Kaili Biota displays a taphonomic window to the diversification and evolution of marine offshore organisms covering 5.13 million years between the Early and Middle Cambrian.

Biodiversity and Sequence of the Middle Triassic Panxian Marine Reptile Fauna,Guizhou Province,China

The Middle Triassic Panxian fauna is a physical marker and representative record of the rapid recovery of the Triassic marine ecosystem following the Early Triassic stagnant stage after the end-Permian mass extinction. Ten marine reptile taxa have been found from the 1.82-2.10 m-thick fossiliferous level in the Upper Member of the Guanling Formation, which can be subdivided into three marine reptile beds through the analysis on the stratigraphic distributions of fossil reptiles. The Lower Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Placodus inexpectatus Jiang et al., 2008 and Lariosaurus hongguoensis Jiang et al., 2006, the ichthyopterygians Xinminosaurus catactes Jiang et al., 2008 and Phalarodon cf. Phalarodon fraasi Merriam, 1910, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006, representing a stage of predominance of durophagous taxa. In this bed, the large complete skeletons may reach up to 2.3 m in length, and lithofacies and chemostratigraphic analyses indicate a relatively deep carbonate platform with an oxic water environment near the bottom, as well as a rising sea level The Middle Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygian Nothosaurus yangjuanensis Jiang et al., 2006 and the archosaur Qianosuchus mixtus Li et al., 2006, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. The fossils in this bed are characterized by its pincering dentition and large overall body size, with the largest possibly exceeding 3 m in length. This bed might represent a time of deepest basin with relatively anoxic condition near the bottom. The Upper Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Wumengosaurus delicatomandibularis Jiang et al., 2008, Keichousaurus sp., the protorosaur Dinocephalosaurus orientalis Li, 2003, and the ichthyopterygian Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. In this bed, reptilian taxa characterized by suction feeding appeared, and most are less than 1 m long. This bed corresponds to a period of decreasing water depth.

New Bradoriid Arthropods from the Early Cambrian Balang Formation of Eastern Guizhou, South China

The Early Cambrian Balang Formation is comprised of mudrock and shale, which was deposited in a shelf environment in the eastern part of Guizhou, south China. The Balang Fauna, which consists of seven phyla, occurs in the middle and upper parts of the Balang Formation. Arthropods are important constituents of the Balang Fauna and include a great number of trilobites, large bivalved arthropods, and newly-discovered well-preserved bradoriid fossils. The bradoriids present include three genera and four species ： Comptaluta inflata （Cheng, 1974） emend Hou et al., 2002; Comptaluta kailiensis sp. nov., and Alutella elongeta sp. nov, Aluta sp. This faunal assemblage in the Balang Formation is distinguished from the Tsunyiella Chang, 1964, Songlinella Yin, 1978 and Kunmingella Hou, 1956 assemblage which occurs in the Niutitang and Mingxinsi formations of the Yangtze Platform in middle region of Guizhou and which is earlier than the Balang Formation in age. However, this assemblage resembles the Comptaluta Opik, 1968 assemblage from the Early Cambrian Heilinpu Formation in Wuding County, Yuanan Province and from the Ordian Stage of the Cambrian of Australia. The great abundance of Comptaluta Opik, 1968 and overall taxonomic diversity of the Comptaluta Opik, 1968 assemblage set it distinctly apart from theAlutella Kobayashi et Kato, 1951 and Aluta Hou, 1956 assemblages of the Balang Formation. Alutella Kobayashi et Kato, 1951 and Aluta Hou, 1956 also occur in the Early Cambrian Niutitang Formation of the Yangtze Platform of Guizhou. Individual Bradoriids from the Balang Formation are characterized by large size （〉3 mm）. The discovery of new Bradoriid assemblages not only expands the group＇s geographical range and assemblage affinities, but also indicates that Bradoriids migrated eastward from shallow-water to deeper-water environments during the Early Cambrian, indicating that they were capable of life in deeper-water, and adaptation to a new ecological setting.

Guanling Biota: A Marker of Triassic Biotic Recovery from the end-Permian Extinction in the Ancient Guizhou Sea

After a slow recovery from the end-Permian extinction during the Early Triassic and rapid radiation in the Middle Triassic, evolution of organisms reached a new peak phase in the Late Triassic. The Guanling Biota from the Wayao Member （conodont Paragondolella polygnathiformis Zone）, Falang Formation, Xinpu, Guanling County, Guizhou Province, southwestern China corresponds to this peak that marks the full recovery from the end-Permian extinction of marine ecosystems. The biota is of high diversity, containing well preserved and completely articulated skeletons of vertebrates comprising marine reptiles, fishes, and invertebrates including crinoids, ammonites, bivalves, and other fossils, and is one of the best examples of marine ecosystem records in life history. The fossil marine reptiles and crinoids are most significant in this biota, especially the marine reptiles, which provide an important link between the Triassic Pacific and Tethys, and between Triassic basal forms and the Jurassic-Cretaceous marine top predators. The most remarkable fossils are the large completely articulated ichthyosaur skeletons up to and more than 10 m, and the first recorded thalattosaurs and placodonts in China. Following our review, of the 17 named reptilian taxa the eight listed here are considered to be valid： three ichthyosaurs （Qianichthyosaurus zhoui Li, 1999; Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae Cao and Luo in Yin et al., 2000, Guanlingsaurus liangae Yin in Yin et al., 2000）, three thalattosaurs （Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis Liu, 1999, Xinpusaurus suni Yin in Yin et al., 2000, Xinpusaurus kohi Jiang et al., 2004）, and two placodonts （Sinocyamodus xinpuensis Li, 2000, Psephochelys polyosteoderma Li and Rieppel, 2002）. Mixosaurus guanlingensis Cao in Yin et al., 2000 might be a junior synonym of Qianichthyosaurus zhoui Li, 1999, and Cymbospondylus asiaticus Li and You, 2002 and Panjiangsaurus epicharis Chen and Cheng, 2003 might be junior synonyms of Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae Cao and Luo in Yin et al., 2000. It needs to re-describe the holotypes after a complete preparation for clarifying the taxonomic status of Typicusichthyosaurus tsaihuae Yu in Yin et al., 2000, Xinpusaurus bamaolinensis Cheng, 2003, Neosinosaurus hoangi （Zhou in Yin et al., 2000）, Wayaosaurus geei Zhou in Yin et al., 2000, Wayaosaurus bellus Zhou in Yin et al., 2000 and Placochelys ？ minutus Yin and Luo in Yin et al., 2000.

Early Jurassic basal sauropodomorpha dominated tracks from Guizhou, China: Morphology, ethology, and paleoenvironment

The newly discovered large(350 m^2) Yantan dinosaur tracksite, in the Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation of Guizhou Province, China, reveals at least 250 footprints of which ~97 can be resolved into trackways of sauropodomorphs. All the trackways are sub parallel likely indicating gregarious behavior. One theropod track(cf. Grallator) was recorded. The sauropodomorph tracks predominantly represent quadrupedal progression(Morphotype A), and footprint morphology is similar to the ichnospecies Liujianpusshunan, characterized by outward pes rotation. Three trackways indicate bipedal progression, and two of these(Morphotype B) indicate inward pes rotation, accompanied by elongate pes digit scratch marks. For the latter phenomenon three possible scenarios are discussed:(1) significant rotation changes accompanying changes in gait,(2) swimming behavior,(3) formation of undertracks.Sedimentological evidence indicates the tracks were made on a linguloid rippled, muddy, immature sandstone substrate characterized by significant differences in substrate consistency across the trackbearing surface. Microbially induced sedimentary structures(MISS) characterized by distinctive wrinkle marks indicate a stressed, probably semi-arid, paleoenvironment that was not conducive to habitation by invertebrate organisms. This is consistent with other evidence that Lower Jurassic sauropodomorph tracks are often associated with semi-arid paleoenvironments.

Annelid from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation in Northeastern Guizhou,China

Wenghuiia jiangkouensis gen. et sp. nov., characterized by modern annelid taxonomy in morphology and functional biology, is found in black carbonaceous shale from the Neoproterozoic Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation （about 555 Ma） near Wenghui, Jiangkou, northeastern Guizhou Province. The elongate, cylindrical body is composed of many homologous metameres with a true coelom and coelomic pouches. The mouth is at the front of the first segment and the anus at the end of body. A long 11th or 12th segment is probably functionally for procreation, being a clitellum. There are parapodia on the venter of the segments from the rear of the second segment to the front of the clitellum. The setae on all metameres, on the parapodia, and around the anus, differ. In the centre of body, a line probably represents the alimentary canal passing through the body from mouth to anus. A closed vascular system consists of a dorsal vessel at least. W. jiankouensis might represent the oldest discovered ＇modern＇ annelid but it is not a primitive type. It lived on the depositional surface of a shallow sea with an environment of calm-water and abundant light.

A new type of rare earth elements deposit in weathering crust of Permian basalt in western Guizhou, NW China

A new type of rare earth elements （REEs） deposit was discovered from the gaolinite mudstone in the weathering crust of Permian basalt, Bijie region, western Guizhou, China. It contained ∑RE2O3 0.065%-1.086%. This type of REEs deposit was widely distributed with steady horizon and thickness of 3-4 m. The ore-bearing weathering crust （kaolinite） of the three discovered REEs deposits belonged to the third episode of the Emeishan basalt eruption. The new type of REEs deposit was suggested that basalt （tuff） weathering could lead to the enrichment of the rare earth elements. Therefore, it is of important economic significance to explore REEs deposits in the weathering crust of basalt （tuffs） in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan Provinces.

Biostratigraphy of Triassic Marine Reptiles in Southwest Guizhou and Its Adjacent Area

This paper briefly reviews the Triassic marine reptile fossils in Guizhou Province, especially the fossils that have been recently found in the Guanling area. Based on three sections at Guanling and Xingyi, Guizhou Province and Luoping, Yunnan Province, four horizons with vertebrate fossils are recognized in the Middle and Upper Triassic of this area; They are from bottom to top: Member I and Member II of the Guanling Formation, and the Zhuganpo Member and the Wayao Member of the Falang Formation.