Baring the Pain——The government and NGOs work to change outdated and cruel bear bile extraction methods

It's a subject that gets not only animal rights activists hot under the collar, but also the vast majority of caring people concerned about cruelty to animals. At a press conference in early 2006, the world's attention was once again drawn to the fate of Asiatic black bears (or moon bears) in China, so long tortured in the cruel practice of bile extraction. Only this

New correlations for evaluating the equivalent bare charge mass for a cased charge

Munitions contain casings that consume explosive energy.The blast load(e.g.,peak overpressure and maximum impulse)intensity generated by ammunition explosion will be lower than that generated by a bare charge with equal mass.To evaluate the blast load of a cased charge under different conditions,the equivalent bare mass needs to be calculated.However,the accuracy of existing correlations strongly depends on the empirical determination of relevant controlling parameters and lacks theoretical clarification.In this paper,new correlations are proposed based on a more rigorous theoretical derivation,considering both the mechanical behaviors of the casing’s material and the change of the polytropic exponent during the expansion process of the explosion products.The controlling parameters are attributed to the rupture radius ratio and the polytropic exponent of detonation products expansion to casing rupture state.The reasonability is validated by both comprehensive numerical simulations with dynamic mechanical constitutive model and theoretical derivations.The results calculated by the new correlation show better agreement with the experimental results than those calculated by previous correlations,and the results difference is explained in more consistency with the thermos-physical properties of the charge and mechanical behaviors of casing material.Furthermore,the correlation of the cased-to-bare impulse ratio is also theoretically improved,providing a more accurate theoretical basis for both the equivalent bare mass and impulse evaluation for a cased charge.

Stent fracture after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement using the bare metal stent/stent-graft combination technique

BACKGROUND A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is widely placed to treat portal hypertension.Because the Viatorr®stent(W.L.Gore and Associates,Flagstaff,AZ,United States)is not available in all hospitals in China,the bare metal stent(BMS)/stent-graft combination technique is still popular for TIPS construction.Stent fracture is a complication after TIPS placement using this technique,with limited available literature focusing on it.AIM To assess the incidence of stent fracture after TIPS placement using the BMS/stent-graft combination technique and to identify the risk factors for stent fracture.We proposed technique modifications to improve the clinical results of TIPS placement with the BMS/stent-graft combination technique.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the computed tomography(CT)data of all patients with portal hypertension who underwent the TIPS procedure between June 2011 and December 2021 in a single center.Patients implanted with the BMS/stent graft and had follow-up imaging data available were included.We identified patients with stent fracture and analyzed their characteristics.Multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify the potential predictors of stent fracture.RESULTS Of the 68 included patients,stent fracture occurred in seven(10.3%)patients.Based on CT images,the stent fractures were categorized into three types.Our study consisted of four(57.1%)type I fractures,one(14.3%)type II fracture,one(14.3%)type IIIa fracture,and one(14.3%)type IIIb fracture.After adjusting for covariates,multivariable logistic regression revealed that the risk factors for stent fracture were the implantation of a greater number of stents[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=22.2,95%confidence interval(CI):1.2-415.4,P=0.038]and a larger proximal sagittal stent bending angle(aOR=1.1,95%CI:1.0-1.3,P=0.020).CONCLUSION Stent fracture occurred in approximately 10%of patients with portal hypertension who underwent TIPS with the BMS/stent-graft combination technique.The number of implanted stents and stent bending angle at the inferior vena cava end were predictors of stent fracture,which suggests that the incidence of stent fracture could potentially be reduced by procedural modifications.

主体文化对译者的影响——以弗朗西斯·百灵致两广总督信件翻译为例

翻译是两种语言之间的转换,译者则是两者之间的桥梁,作为桥梁的译者不可避免地受到主体文化的影响,进而对源语进行处理以达到被目的语读者接受的目的。本文以Francis Baring致两广总督的信件翻译为案例来说明主体文化对译者的影响。

热重法研究BaRE(Cu_(0.5)Fe_(0.5))_2O_(5+δ)的氧含量变化及其透氧性能

用热重法研究了BaRE(Cu0.5Fe0.5)2O5+δ(RE=Lu^Pr)样品的氧含量的变化。结果表明仅RE=Pr、Nd、Gd时样品的氧含量随温度和氧分压变化而变化,其它样品的氧含量基本不发生变化。用暂态热重法研究了氧在RE=Pr、Nd、Gd样品的表面反应速度,发现氧在表面吸附速率比脱附要快。

定时截尾场合,指数分布的Bayes单样与双样预测

对时间截尾场合的指数分布,在近似概率匹配先验分布下,给出了Bayes单样与双样预测区间与预测子,并用数值例说明了这些方法。

Baer定理的推广

本文给出了超可解群被超可解群扩张仍为超可解群的几个充要条件．不但推广了Ｂａｅｒ在１９５７年的一个定理，而且获得了ｐ－超可解群和群系的一系列重要结果．

Variations in sap flow of Zenia insignis under different rock bareness rate in North Guangdong,China

Understanding the impact of rock bareness on the transpiration in karst plants is essential to karst rocky desertification control and sustainable management of plantation in karst area.This study focused on the variations in sap flow of Zenia insignis caused by different rock bareness rate,and the impact of climate factors,soil water content(SWC)and leaf area index(LAI) on transpiration in karst plants,by continuously measuring sap flux densities (Fcd)of 12 sample trees using thermal dissipation probes and monitoring micrometeorology and SwC on a typical karst hill in north Guangdong of China during the year of 2016.Results show that:(1)the maximum hourly sap flux density occurred at11:00-14:00 and the peak daily sap flux density occurred in September.(2)Sap flow density of Zenia insignis increased with rock bareness rate at all hourly,daily and monthly scales,with the sequence of extremely severe>severe>moderate>mild rock bareness.(3)The transpiration of Zenia insi.gnis is controlled by different factors at different temporalscales.At hourly scale,transpiration was highly(n=144,R^2>0.72)correlated to Solar radiation(Rs),Air temperature(Ta),relative humidity(RH),and water vapor pressure deficit(VPD).At daily scale,transpiration was greatly(n=366,R2>0.31)affected by Solar radiation(Rs),Air temperature(Ta),and water vapor pressure deficit (VPD).While at monthly scale,transpiration was mainly(n=12,R^2=0.85)controlled by LAI.Our study proved that Zenia insi.gnis has a good physiecological adaption to fragile karst environment,and Zenia insignis plantation has long-term sustainability even in extremely rocky landscapes.The results may provide scientific basis for plantation management and ecological restoration in karst area.

Numerical study on the case effect of a bomb air explosion

When considering the bomb explosion damage effect,the air shock wave and high-speed fragments of the bomb case are two major threats.In experiments,the air shock wave was studied by the bare explosives superseding the real cased bomb;in contrast,the bomb case influence was ignored to reduce risk.The air explosion simulations of the MK84 warhead with and without the case were conducted.The numerical simulation results showed that the bomb case significantly influenced the shock wave generated by the bomb:the spatial distribution of shock wave in the near field changed,and the peak value of shock wave was reduced.Breakage of the case and kinetic energy of the fragmentation consumed 3 and 38% of the explosion energy,respectively.The increasing factors of the peak overpressure induced by the bare explosive on the ground and in the air were 1.43-3.04 and 1.37-1.57,respectively.Four typical stages of case breakage were defined.The mass distribution of the fragments follows the Mott distribution.The initial velocity distribution of the fragments agreed well with the Gurney equation.

Estimation of soil organic carbon storage and its fractions in a small karst watershed

With few available soil organic carbon(SOC)profiles and the heterogeneity of those that do exist, the estimation of SOC pools in karst areas is highly uncertain.Based on the spatial heterogeneity of SOC content of 23,536 samples in a karst watershed, a modified estimation method was determined for SOC storage that exclusively applies to karst areas. The method is a "soil-type method" based on revised calculation indexes for SOC storage. In the present study, the organic carbon contents of different soil types varied greatly, but generally decreased with increasing soil depth. The organic carbon content decreased nearly linearly to a depth of 0–50 cm and then varied at depths of 50–100 cm. Because of the large spatial variability in the karst area, we were able to determine that influences of the different indexes on the estimation of SOC storage decreased as follows: soil thickness > boulder content > rock fragment content > SOC content > bulk density. Using the modified formula, the SOC content in the Houzhai watershed in Puding was estimated to range from 3.53 to 5.44 kg m^(-2), with an average value of 1.24 kg m^(-2) to a depth of 20 cm, and from 4.44 to 14.50 kg m^(-2), with an average value of 12.12 kg m^(-2) to a depth of 100 cm. The total SOC content was estimated at 5.39*10^(5) t.

Intravascular Ultrasound– Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention:An Updated Review

Common practice dictates the performance of percutaneous coronary intervention under conventional angiographic guidance.With studies suggesting the high incidence of intraobserver variability,especially in angiographic borderline lesions,new modalities such as intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)guidance during percutaneous coronary intervention have surfaced.Multiple studies have shown improved outcomes with IVUS guidance,mainly driven by a decrease in ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization.In the past two decades,a multitude of studies have investigated the uses and clinical outcomes associated with this technology.In this review,we highlight the utility,advantages,economic implications,and clinical outcomes of IVUS guidance over standard angiographic guidance,with emphasis on data as they pertain to IVUS-guided stent implantation.

转录组分析揭示BAM1/2与SPL调控拟南芥花药发育的功能关系及调控网络

花药的正常发育对于植物正常繁衍和农作物产量都有着至关重要的作用.转录因子SPL及受体蛋白激酶BAM1和BAM2均在调控孢原细胞分化的过程中发挥重要作用.但迄今对其功能关系及下游信号途径仍缺乏深入研究.本文利用高通量转录组测序手段,通过对拟南芥spl、bam1、bam2、bam1bam2突变体花药的转录组对比分析,明确了:1)BAM1和BAM2功能冗余地调控花药绒毡层发育、脂质转运、花粉壁形成等方面,但两者在调控部分基因表达上存在亚功能化;2)SPL与BAM1/2共同调控791个花粉发育、脂类转运和细胞壁形成等过程相关基因的表达,同时BAM1/2特异调控326个脱落酸、水杨酸、茉莉酸信号途径以及水分、防御等胁迫刺激相关基因的表达,而SPL还单独调控3 789个基因的表达,主要参与到生长素合成和信号响应、水分、温度、光等相关的胁迫刺激.以上结果为生殖发育领域相关研究提供了重要参考.

Effect of climate change on the trends of evaporation of phreatic water from bare soil in Huaibei Plain, China

When the soil condition and depth to water table stay constant, climate condition will then be the only determinant of evaporation intensity of phreatic water from bare soil. Based on a series of long-term quality-controlled data collected at the Wudaogou Hydrological Experiment Station in the Huaibei Plain, Anhui, China, the variation trends of the evaporation rate of phreatic water from bare soil were studied through the Mann-Kendall trend test and the linear regression trend test, followed by the study on the responses of evaporation to climate change. Results indicated that in the Huaibei Plain during 1991-2008, evaporation of phreatic water from bare soil tended to increase at a rate of 5% on monthly scale in March, June and July while in other months the increase was minor. On the seasonal basis, the evaporation saw significant increase in spring and summer. In addition, annual evaporation tended to grow evidently over time. When air temperature rises by 1 °C, the annual evaporation rate increases by 7.24–14.21%, while when the vapor pressure deficit rises by 10%, it changes from-0.09 to 5.40%. The study also provides references for further understanding of the trends and responses of regional evapotranspiration to climate change.

肌电图及神经电图在急性Guillain-Bare综合征中的应用

:目的 :探讨肌电图 (EMG)、神经电图在急性Guillain Bare综合征 (GBS)中的诊断和预后评估价值。方法 :对2 0例急性GBS患者的 60块肌肉 ,80条运动神经 ,60条感觉神经进行EMG和神经电图检测。结果 :EMG出现自发电位占 2 2 % ,每例均有 3条 (不在同一肢体 )以上神经受累。运动神经传导速度 (MCV)减慢占 86% ,远端潜伏期 (ML)延长占 66% ,F波均未引出 ,诱发电位波幅降低 4 8% ,感觉神经传导速度 (SCV)减慢 3 3 % ,波形离散 5 2 %。结论 :EMG和神经电图的无创性、简单及可重复使其成为GBS极为重要的诊断和预后评估手段。

英语副词BARELY主观性演变的历时考察

作为英语形容词BARE的衍生词,副词BARELY在形式和意义上表现为肯定和否定的两种不同极性。基于语料,文章欲从历时的角度考察BARELY的主观性特征。研究发现,从17世纪到20世纪,副词BARELY主观性特征增强,客观性特征减弱。从语言结构维度看,BARELY会与人称代词、认知动词以及否定算子等语言元素进行搭配并体现出特定的语言现象。从语言范畴维度看,BARELY逐渐倾向于以受话人为主体,体现正面情感,具有较强的认知特征。总之,英语副词BARELY的主观性不仅体现为功能和意义上的转变,还表现出明显的范畴分化现象。

TIME-RESOLVED IMPEDANCE RESPONSE OF GUILLOTINEDALUMINIUM UNDER GALVANOSTATIC POLARISATION

Transient repassivation of freshly generated aluminiutn surface is monitored by using time-resolved frequency response spectroscopy. Information relating to the anodic film formation as well as the cathodic evolution of hydrogen on the metal surace is obtained as function of repassivation time and applied constant current. Pronounced effects of anodic and cathodic applied curmnts on the time-resolved impedance spectroscopy support a previous model which suggests that the low frequtncy RC time constants are due to the anodic film growth and the high Asquency one to the cathodic charpetrensfer or clectron transfer process occuwtng simultaneously on the electrode surace.

Remotely sensed estimation and mapping of soil moisture by eliminating the effect of vegetation cover

Soil moisture(SM), which plays a crucial role in studies of the climate, ecology, agriculture and the environment, can be estimated and mapped by remote sensing technology over a wide region. However, remotely sensed SM is constrained by its estimation accuracy, which mainly stems from the influence of vegetation cover on soil spectra information in mixed pixels. To overcome the low-accuracy defects of existing surface albedo method for estimating SM, in this paper, Qinghai Lake Basin, an important animal husbandry production area in Qinghai Province, China, was chosen as an empirical research area. Using the surface albedo computed from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) reflectance products and the actual measured SM data, an albedo/vegetation coverage trapezoid feature space was constructed. Bare soil albedo was extracted from the surface albedo mainly containing information of soil, vegetation, and both albedo models for estimating SM were constructed separately. The accuracy of the bare soil albedo model(root mean square error=4.20, mean absolute percent error=22.75%, and theil inequality coefficient=0.67) was higher than that of the existing surface albedo model(root mean square error=4.66, mean absolute percent error=25.46% and theil inequality coefficient=0.74). This result indicated that the bare soil albedo greatly improved the accuracy of SM estimation and mapping. As this method eliminated the effect of vegetation cover and restored the inherent soil spectra, it not only quantitatively estimates and maps SM at regional scales with high accuracy, but also provides a new way of improving the accuracy of soil organic matter estimation and mapping.

一种新的计算低渗油藏相对渗透率的方程（英文）

In this paper, a novel empirical equation is proposed to calculate the relative permeability of low permeability reservoir. An improved item is introduced on the basis of Rose empirical formula and Al-Fattah empirical formula, with one simple model to describe oil/water relative permeability. The position displacement idea of bare bones particle swarm optimization is applied to change the mutation operator to improve the RNA genetic algorithm. The parameters of the new empirical equation are optimized with the hybrid RNA genetic algorithm(HRGA) based on the experimental data. The data is obtained from a typical low permeability reservoir well 54 core 27-1 in Gu Dong by unsteady method. We carry out matlab programming simulation with HRGA. The comparison and error analysis show that the empirical equation proposed is more accurate than the Rose empirical formula and the exponential model. The generalization of the empirical equation is also verified.

Influences of pika and simulated grazing disturbances on bare patches of alpine meadow in the Yellow River Source Zone

Bare patches in alpine meadow are the main manifestation of its degradation.The change of bare patches in an alpine meadow in the Yellow River Source Zone during 2018-2019 was studied in relation to the disturbances caused by plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)population and simulated grazing via artificial mowing both independently and interactively.The disturbance was set at three levels of high,medium and no disturbance(control group).Bare patches were mapped by from unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)images with fine resolution of 1 cm obtained in August 2018 and August 2019 in ArcGIS.The results showed that the total area of bare patches decreased by 112.05 m2 in sub-plots devoid of pika disturbance but increased by 126.37 m2 in other subplots.The highest rate of increase is 89.02%.The individual effect of pika exceeds the joint effect of pika and mowing disturbances.The sole effect of mowing is lower than the joint effect of pika disturbance and intensive mowing,but higher than the joint influence of pika disturbance and moderate mowing.Strong pika disturbance(14 per sub-plot)caused the influence of mowing from moderate to intensive to increase by five-fold.The area of bare patches treated with moderate mowing and no pika disturbance decreased at the highest pace(-37.22%).Intensive mowing and medium density pikas(100 pikas/ha)are considered the thresholds at which the bare patches start to expand.Even if the meadow is mowed at the medium and high intensity,the area of bare patches can be significantly reduced if plateau pika population is controlled to a low level.ANOVA analysis and longterm macro-scale satellite-derived results reveal that pika disturbance is more important in causing the bare patches to change than simulated grazing.Therefore,it is more important to control the number of pikas than to reduce grazing intensity to prevent the expansion of bare patches in the degraded alpine meadow in the study area.

Estimation of rock Fe content based on hyperspectral indices

Information on the Fe content of bare rocks is needed for implementing geochemical processes and identifying mines.However,the influence of Fe content on the spectra of bare rocks has not been thoroughly analyzed in previous studies.The Saur Mountain region within the Hoboksar of the Russell Hill depression was selected as the study area.Specifically,we analyzed six hyperspectral indices related to rock Fe content based on laboratory measurements(Dataset I)and field measurements(Dataset II).In situ field measurements were acquired to verify the laboratory measurements.Fe content of the rock samples collected from different fresh and weathered rock surfaces were divided into six levels to reveal the spatial distributions of Fe content of these samples.In addition,we clearly displayed wavelengths with obvious characteristics by analyzing the spectra of these samples.The results of this work indicated that Fe content estimation models based on the fresh rock surface measurements in the laboratory can be applied to in situ field or satellite-based measurements of Fe content of the weathered rock surfaces.It is not the best way to use only the single wavelengths reflectance at all absorption wavelengths or the depth of these absorption features to estimate Fe content.Based on sample data analysis,the comparison with other indices revealed that the performance of the modified normalized difference index is the best indicator for estimating rock Fe content,with R2 values of 0.45 and 0.40 corresponding to datasets I and II,respectively.Hence,the modified normalized difference index(the wavelengths of 2220,2290,and 2370 nm)identified in this study could contribute considerably to improve the identification accuracy of rock Fe content in the bare rock areas.The method proposed in this study can obviously provide an efficient solution for large-scale rock Fe content measurements in the field.