Evaluation of the intracellular lipid-lowering effect of polyphenols extract from highland barley in HepG2 cells

Active ingredients from highland barley have received considerable attention as natural products for developing treatments and dietary supplements against obesity.In practical application,the research of food combinations is more significant than a specific food component.This study investigated the lipid-lowering effect of highland barley polyphenols via lipase assay in vitro and HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid(OA).Five indexes,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(T-CHO),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),were used to evaluate the lipidlowering effect of highland barley extract.We also preliminary studied the lipid-lowering mechanism by Realtime fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR).The results indicated that highland barley extract contains many components with lipid-lowering effects,such as hyperoside and scoparone.In vitro,the lipase assay showed an 18.4%lipase inhibition rate when the additive contents of highland barley extract were 100μg/m L.The intracellular lipid-lowering effect of highland barley extract was examined using 0.25 mmol/L OA-induced HepG2 cells.The results showed that intracellular TG,LDL-C,and T-CHO content decreased by 34.4%,51.2%,and 18.4%,respectively.ALT and AST decreased by 51.6%and 20.7%compared with the untreated hyperlipidemic HepG2 cells.q PCR results showed that highland barley polyphenols could up-regulation the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes such as PPARγand Fabp4.

β-Glucans: Characterization, Extraction Methods, and Valorization

β-glucans are bioactive compounds with a wide range of biological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulating properties. Due to their specific physical properties, such as (in)solubility, viscosity, and gelation, β-glucans are increasingly being used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the different types of β-glucans, their sources, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts, and the methods of extraction, isolation, and purification of β-glucans, with the aim of optimizing these methods for the efficient production process. Moreover, the physico-chemical properties, modifications, current applications and future prospects of the use of β-glucans in food, medicines, cosmetics and other potential value-added products are summarized. The data presented indicate that β-glucans will play an increasingly important role in the sector of special-purpose food products as well as in other current and future areas.

The Antioxidant Activity of Barley Malt Rootlet Extracts in Heated Corn Oil at Frying Temperature

In this study the antioxidant activity of barley malt rootlet (BMR) extracts was evaluated in heat treated corn oil up to 5 hours at 185°C frying temperature. The antioxidant activity of BMR extracts was measured at 25, 50, 100 and 150 ppm concentrations. The free and bound antioxidant phenolics were extracted from BMR using three different extraction methods. Conventional solvent extraction (CSE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and autoclave assisted pretreated solvent extraction (APSE). In the present experiment, the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the various extracts were measured. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay was used to evaluate the ability of the BMR to protect lipid peroxidation in corn oil at 185°C frying temperature. The formation of TBARS at 5 hours of heat treated corn oil has shown similar antioxidant levels in 150 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) or MAE free phenolic extract added to corn oil. TBARS value for BHT was 1.896 ± 0.013 μg/mL of corn oil and for MAE was 1.896 ± 0.034 μg/mL of corn oil. The highest level of antioxidant activity was found for the free phenolic extracts. The order of inhibition of oxidation was found to be for free phenolics as follows: BHT (100 ppm) > APSE (50 ppm) > MAE (100 ppm) > CSE (100 ppm).

Antitumor Activities and Apoptosis-regulated Mechanisms of Fermented Barley Extract in the Transplantation Tumor Model of Human HT-29 Cells in Nude Mice

Objective A subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of human HT-29 cells was established in nude mice to study the anticarcinogenic activities and apoptosis-regulatory mechanistic effect of aqueous extract of fermented barley with Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1 （LFBE）. Methods HT-29 cells were transplanted via subcutaneous injection of 1 × 107cells into the right flank of each nude mouse. Then, nude mice were treated for 30 days with LFBE （high-dose 2 g·kg-1·d-1; low-dose 1 g·kg-1·d-1） and for 7 days with 5-fluorouracil （5-FU, 25 g·kg-1·d-1） by gavage and intraperitoneal injection, respectively. Results Tumor volume and weight decreased significantly in both groups of nude mice treated with LFBE. In addition, the cell apoptosis rate of the LFBE group was significantly higher than that of the control group and 5-FU groups as measured by the TUNEL assay. Moreover, the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot methods further confirmed these apoptosis-enhancing and growth-inhibiting effects. The involvement of LFBE in inducing apoptosis was confirmed by the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, and cyclin D1. Conclusion The results showed that LFBE could induce subcutaneous transplantation tumor apoptosis in nude mice and could be used as a natural nutrient supplement or chemopreventive agent in the treatment of human colon cancer.

Fermented Barley Extracts with Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1 Rich in Vanillic Acid Modulate Glucose Consumption in Human HepG2 Cells

Objective To investigate the effect of fermented barley extracts with Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1（LFBE） for modulating glucose consumption in HepG2 cells via miR-212 regulation. Methods Hepatocellular carcinoma（HepG2） cells were treated with palmitate. After 12 h, palmitate-induced HepG2 cells were treated with LFBE and its main components. Changes in glucose consumption, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and miRNA-212 expression in HepG2 cells was observed. Results Treatment with LFBE rich in vanillic acid（VA） increased glucose consumption and reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion in HepG2 cells. LFBE and VA normalized the upregulation of miR-212, which led to the upregulation of dual-specificity phosphatase-9（DUSP9）, a direct target of miR-212, at both protein and mR NA levels. Downregulation of miR-212 markedly increased glucose consumption and reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion by enhancing DUSP9 expression. Conclusion The results showed the benefit of LFBE and miR-212 downregulation in modulating glucose consumption and reducing proinflammatory cytokine secretion by targeting DUSP9. VA in LFBE was a strong regulator of palmitate-induced abnormal glucose consumption in HepG2 cells and can be a primary mediator.

Anti-obesity Action of Fermented Barley Extracts with Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1 and Associated Micro RNA Expression in High-fat Diet-induced Obese Rats

Objective To further explore associated effects of Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1(LFBE) on obesity and lipid metabolism at the gene expression level, the expression of micro RNAs(mi RNAs) was investigated in the liver of high-fat diet(HFD) induced obese rats.Methods Three groups of animal models were established. Changes in mi RNA expression in the liver of each group were analyzed by microarray and RT-q PCR, complemented by bioinformatics. Palmitateinduced hepatocellular carcinoma(Hep G2) cells were used as a model to validate the test.Results LFBE treatment groups and HFD groups were observed to be distinctly different with respect to rates of increase in body weight and body fat percentage and triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol(TC) levels in serum and liver. In addition, the LFBE group showed upregulation of ten mi RNAs and downregulation of five mi RNAs in the liver. Downregulation of mi R-34 a and mi R-212 was observed in the livers of the LFBE group. Gene ontology and kyoto encyelopedia of geues and genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that possible target genes of the deregulated mi RNAs were significantly enriched in the adrenergic and HIF-1 signaling pathways.Conclusion These results demonstrate that LFBE might regulate the expression of mi RNAs in order to inhibit obesity and fatty liver.

微波超声联用处理对青稞β-葡聚糖理化性质及结构特性的影响

以青稞麸皮为原料,采用微波超声联用提取青稞β-葡聚糖,并对其提取效果、理化性质及结构特性进行探究。在相同升温速率下,微波增强了α-淀粉酶活性。青稞β-葡聚糖提取效果与超声的功率和时间有关。提取青稞β-葡聚糖的超声功率600 W、时间30 min,微波加热60℃、时间30 min,β-葡聚糖得率最大,可达(6.30±0.38)%。理化性质结果显示,随着超声处理时间的延长,超声处理时间为40 min时,青稞β-葡聚糖溶解度和起泡能力显著增加(P<0.05),但浊度和乳化能力显著降低(P<0.05)。粒径分布结果显示,随着超声处理时间的延长,提取的青稞β-葡聚糖相对分子质量减小,超声改变了β-葡聚糖的流变行为,溶液黏度降低并出现剪切稀化现象;红外光谱结果显示,超声处理未改变β-葡聚糖的官能团,但使部分糖苷键发生断裂。微观结果显示,超声处理使青稞β-葡聚糖结构变得更加松散,有利于提高青稞β-葡聚糖提取效果。综上所述,微波超声联用提取的青稞β-葡聚糖为其开发新食品类型和功能性产品提供一定的参考。

蛹虫草β-葡聚糖提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性

以β-葡聚糖得率得率为主要评价指标,通过单因素和响应面试验优化蛹虫草β-葡聚糖超声辅助水提工艺,采用红外扫描分析提取物的化学键及官能团信息,测定其中各组分含量及其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,蛹虫草β-葡聚糖最优提取工艺为超声时间1 h、料液比1∶31(g/mL)、水浴温度90℃。最优条件下提取得率为(1.94±0.28)%,与预测值1.95%一致。经过纯化试验得出α-葡聚糖去除最优条件为α-淀粉酶添加量2%、孵育时间60 min、温度50℃,经过纯化处理后β-葡聚糖纯度由19.82%提高至33.93%;红外扫描结果表明,蛹虫草β-葡聚糖具有典型的多糖结构,并含有硫酸根基团。蛹虫草β-葡聚糖对DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力与浓度呈正相关(2.00~10.00 mg/mL),IC_(50)值分别为1.17、2.17、4.35 mg/mL,清除率在浓度为8.34、9.88、9.97 mg/mL时,可达100%。综上,优化后的蛹虫草β-葡聚糖超声辅助水提工艺稳定可行,提取获得的β-葡聚糖具有较好的抗氧化活性。

亚临界水辅助酶联合提取燕麦麸皮β-葡聚糖工艺优化

目的采用亚临界水辅助酶联合提取法提取燕麦麸皮中β-葡聚糖,并对副产物进行测定。方法在单因素实验的基础上,以燕麦麸皮β-葡聚糖得率为指标,通过响应面实验优化亚临界水辅助酶联合提取工艺条件。结果在亚临界水萃取温度为115℃、pH为7.0、酶反应温度为60℃、酶反应时间为30 min、料液比为1:14(g/mL)的条件下,燕麦麸皮中β-葡聚糖的得率最高,达4.385%。酶法提取提升了燕麦麸皮中β-葡聚糖的得率,而亚临界水辅助提取不仅提高得率还大幅缩短了提取时间,最终,燕麦麸皮的综合利用率达到72.78%。结论亚临界水辅助酶联合提取法不仅能够高效高质量提取燕麦麸皮β-葡聚糖,同时有效降低生产成本,提高燕麦资源的利用率。这种方法满足了市场和工业需求,并为相关领域的理论研究提供了重要参考。

青稞酒糟中β-葡聚糖提取工艺优化及理化特性分析

目的 探究青稞酒糟中β-葡聚糖提取工艺及其理化特性。方法 通过单因素和响应面实验优化确定β-葡聚糖提取工艺。利用傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FT-IR)和高效排阻色谱-示差折光检测器-多角度激光光散射仪(high performance size exclusion chromatography-differential refraction detector-multi-angle laser light scatter, HPSEC-RID-MALLS)联用测定提取物中β-葡聚糖的结构和分子量,并对其加工特性及流变特性进行分析。结果 青稞酒糟中β-葡聚糖最优提取条件为:料液比为1:11 (m:V)、pH 8.5、提取温度80℃、搅拌速度600 r/min、提取时间3.0 h,此条件下提取率为16.29%。FT-IR检测结果表明,提取样品中具有β-葡聚糖特征吸收峰。多糖重均分子量为7.84×10^(4)Da,在100~140℃高温条件和中性偏碱性条件下稳定,在碱性条件及低盐离子浓度条件下促进溶解。流变特性结果表明, β-葡聚糖水溶液表现出非牛顿流体的剪切稀化特性,其表观黏度存在浓度依赖性,具有固体弹性特性。结论 从青稞酒糟中提取的β-葡聚糖具有较好的加工特性及流变性,为青稞酒糟的综合加工及增值化利用提供思路。

谷物中β-葡聚糖的提取、纯化及生物活性研究进展

谷物是人类重要食物来源之一,β-葡聚糖是一种功能性多糖。本文综述了谷物来源的β-葡聚糖的提取、纯化及生物活性,分析了不同提取方式对β-葡聚糖纯度和产率的影响,以及不同纯化方法的优缺点、分离效果。旨在为深入和全面地开发利用谷物中β-葡聚糖资源提供参考。

没食子提取物对体外口腔异味影响的研究

目的:探究没食子提取物对于口腔主要致臭菌变形链球菌和牙龈卟啉单胞菌的作用,以及对硫化物的抑制作用。方法:培养变形链球菌和牙龈卟啉单胞菌菌群,抑菌环法评估没食子对菌群的抑制作用,观察没食子提取物对变形链球菌产生的不溶性葡聚糖的影响,最后检测没食子对致臭物质甲硫醇的作用。结果:没食子组与氯己定组可显著降低变形链球菌和牙龈卟啉单胞菌抑菌环直径(均P<0.05),抑制不溶性葡聚糖的产生(P<0.05),而两者之间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);没食子提取物可以显著降低甲硫醇的产生,与空白对照组和氯己定组比较有统计学差异(均P<0.05)。结论:没食子提取物可以去除口腔异味,又可以提供持续的口腔健康控制,是一种优良的口腔维护中药。

青稞酒糟中β-葡聚糖的提取方法

葡聚糖具有显著的健康益处,能改善肠道健康与免疫调节。本文阐述青稞酒糟中β-葡聚糖的常用提取方法,对传统溶剂提取、酶解法提取及微波辅助提取技术进行深入分析与优化,实现了提取效率与质量的显著提升,推动了农业副产品的高值化利用,为β-葡聚糖在食品及医药领域的应用提供了重要的科学依据和技术支持。

香菇子实体中高β-葡聚糖含量多糖提取物制备及体外免疫活性

通过比较不同菌株香菇(Lentinula edodes)子实体中β-葡聚糖含量,筛选出高β-葡聚糖含量的香菇沪香F2子实体。以沪香F2子实体为材料,利用不同工艺制备多糖提取物LF1(0.9%NaCl提取)、LF2(0.9%NaCl提取后,沉淀用80℃水提取)、LF3(0.9%NaCl提取后,沉淀用80℃水提取,沉淀再用5%NaOH提取)、WE(100℃水提取)和AE(100℃水提取后,沉淀用5%NaOH提取),并测定其β-葡聚糖含量。利用高效液相色谱和阴离子色谱分析多糖提取物的重均和数均分子量及单糖组成,并测定其体外激活Dectin-1受体活性。结果表明:LF3的β-葡聚糖含量最高,为68.26%,且其激活Dectin-1受体的活性也最高。研究结果可为制备高β-葡聚糖含量,且免疫活性高的香菇多糖提取物提供参考。

青稞与燕麦蛋白质及β-葡聚糖提取工艺的研究进展

青稞与燕麦中蛋白质及β-葡聚糖的提取工艺主要有碱法、酶法、复合法,本文主要对碱法、酶法以及物理方法辅助其他提取方法进行论述。综合得出,虽然碱法适合提取植物蛋白质,但由于其高浓度碱会使植物蛋白产生反应,使其营养物质变性,进而产生不利于肾脏功能的有毒物质。相对于碱法,酶法反应条件温和且不会产生有毒物质,但其成本较高。此外,在上述提取工艺过程中加入物理法进行辅助不仅可以降低提取成本,而且可显著提升植物蛋白提取效率。

燕麦中β-葡聚糖的提取及分离纯化工艺研究

以燕麦麸皮为原料,水为提取溶剂提取燕麦β-葡聚糖,通过单因素实验及正交实验确定了最佳提取工艺条件。同时,比较了超滤、透析、溶剂沉淀及柱层析法等几种分离纯化手段对β-葡聚糖的分离纯化效果。

从脱壳大麦中提取和纯化β-葡聚糖的研究

分别采用改进的碱法、酵母发酵法从脱壳大麦中提取大麦β- 葡聚糖 ,并对自制 β-葡聚糖进行一系列的理化性质研究 ,结果表明 ,用改进碱法提取的大麦β -葡聚糖纯度较高 ,还原糖含量为 0 .0 0 76 % ,蛋白质含量为 1 3% ,经透析袋透析 ,活性炭脱色 ,SephadexG 10 0纯化后 ,采用刚果红法测定精制品和标准品的β 葡聚糖含量 ,结果为精制β- 葡聚糖纯度是标准品的 98. 2 % ,用该法提取的β -葡聚糖可以作为底物进行 β -葡聚糖酶活力测定。

啤酒酵母中β-(1-3)葡聚糖的提取及其性能分析

本文采用Ｓｅｖａｇｅ脱蛋白法、酸溶液浸提法、碱溶液浸提法对啤酒废酵母细胞壁中的β（１－３）葡聚糖作了提取试验，并对所获多糖进行生化特性分析。

废酵母中碱不溶性葡聚糖的制备及其理化性质

以啤酒废酵母为原料,结合自溶、酶解和碱溶等方法优化碱不溶性葡聚糖的制备条件,同时对成品蛋白质含量、糖含量、糖组分和结构进行分析。结果表明啤酒废酵母采用 1.0mol/L 的NaOH 碱溶处理 7.5h 效果最好,成品不含甘露聚糖,碱不溶性葡聚糖得率为 9.59%,其中葡聚糖含量为 91.91%,蛋白质 1.44%,葡聚糖中 β-(1.6)糖苷键占 29.92%。

河蚌提取物葡聚糖对软骨细胞Wnt通路的调控作用研究

目的 :探讨河蚌肉提取物葡聚糖HBP-A(anodonta glucan HBP-A)对体外软骨细胞Wnt通路的调控作用。方法:体外培养大鼠软骨细胞,添加IL-1β(10 ng/ml)诱导分化,分为空白组,IL-1β组,IL-1β+IWP-2(5μM,Wnt通路抑制剂)组,IL-1β+HBP-A(0.3 mg/ml)组,IL-1β+IWP-2+HBP-A共5组培养,提取各组细胞RNA和蛋白,采用Rt-PCR检测各组细胞Wnt-3a、β-catenin(24、48、72 h)及MMP-13(72 h)的基因表达;采用Western-blot检测β-catenin、MMP-13、Sox-9和Coll-Ⅱ蛋白的表达水平(48 h)。结果:细胞经IL-1β诱导分化,Wnt-3a基因表达升高,β-catenin以及MMP-13基因和蛋白表达升高,Sox-9和Coll-Ⅱ蛋白表达下调。添加HBP-A干预可以抑制IL-1β诱导下软骨细胞Wnt-3a基因的高表达、β-catenin以及MMP-13基因和蛋白的高表达,上调Sox-9和Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的表达。IWP-2和HBP-A合用时,Wnt-3a、β-catenin基因以及β-catenin蛋白表达最低,Sox-9蛋白表达最高。结论:HBP-A可通过降低Wnt/β-catenin信号通路表达,延缓软骨细胞分化,并且可与Wnt抑制剂协同调节Wnt-3a、β-catenin和Sox-9因子的表达。