Microseismic technology has been proven to be a practical approach for in-situ monitoring of fracture growth during hydraulic fracture stimulations. Microseismic monitoring has rapidly evolved in acquisition methodolo...Microseismic technology has been proven to be a practical approach for in-situ monitoring of fracture growth during hydraulic fracture stimulations. Microseismic monitoring has rapidly evolved in acquisition methodology, data processing, and in this paper, we evaluate the progression of this technology with emphasis on their applications in Barnett shale gas reservoir. Microseismic data analysis indicates a direct proportion between microseismic moment magnitude and depth, yet no relation between microseismic activity and either injection rate or injection volume has been observed. However, large microseismic magnitudes have been recorded where hydraulic fracturing stimulation approaches a fault and therefore the geologic framework should be integrated in such programs. In addition, the geometry of fracture growth resulted by proppant interactions with naturally fractured formations follows unpredictable fashion due to redirecting the injection fluids along flow paths associated with the pre-existing fault network in the reservoir. While microseismic imaging is incredibly useful in revealing the fracture geometry and the way the fracture evolves, recently several concerns have been raised regarding the capability of microseismic data to provide the fracture dimensional parameters and the fracture mechanism that could provide detailed information for reservoir characterization.展开更多
The purpose of this descriptive study was to collect quantitative, normative data for the Barnett Balance Assessment-Sitting (BBA-SIT), a newly-developed dynamic sitting balance assessment tool based on the Barnett Ba...The purpose of this descriptive study was to collect quantitative, normative data for the Barnett Balance Assessment-Sitting (BBA-SIT), a newly-developed dynamic sitting balance assessment tool based on the Barnett Balance Assessment (BBA). The BBA-SIT was administered to a total of 180 participants (30 people in each of the following age categories: 18 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59, 60 - 69, and 70+) who did not have any current balance deficits. A review of normative data collected indicated no variation in the total assessment scores within and between groups. Future research on the BBA-SIT is needed with balance-impaired populations to determine if the BBA-SIT is sensitive enough to identify subtle differences in dynamic sitting balance in individuals with various levels of balance impairment.展开更多
得克萨斯州Marathon I esquite井Barnett页岩层序为位于生油窗的成熟烃源岩。该层序自上而下分成5个不连续的小层：第一小层为Marble Fails石灰岩，第二小层主要由富含有机质的非钙质泥岩构成，第三小层为泥质岩，第四、五小层均富含方...得克萨斯州Marathon I esquite井Barnett页岩层序为位于生油窗的成熟烃源岩。该层序自上而下分成5个不连续的小层：第一小层为Marble Fails石灰岩，第二小层主要由富含有机质的非钙质泥岩构成，第三小层为泥质岩，第四、五小层均富含方解石。利用光谱、气相色谱等方法对Barnett页岩层内油气运移、滞留以及排烃反应进行了研究，得出第二小层为有利目的层段，与第三小层相比，第二小层的油品质更高（较多脂肪族），储存潜力更大（海绵骨针衍生的微晶石英），油对有机质的吸附亲和力更低。展开更多
Based on field work, organic geochemical analyses and experimental testing, a six-property assessment method for shale gas is proposed. These six properties include organic matter properies, lithofacies, petrophysical...Based on field work, organic geochemical analyses and experimental testing, a six-property assessment method for shale gas is proposed. These six properties include organic matter properies, lithofacies, petrophysical properties, gas content, brittleness and local stress field. Due to the features of continuous distribution over a large area and low resource abundance in shale plays, a sweet spot should have these following properties： （a） TOC〉2%; （b） brittle minerals content （〉40%） and clay minerals （〈30%）; （c） Ro （〉1.1%）; （d） porosity （〉2%） and permeability （〉0.000 1 mD）, and （e） effective thickness （30-50 m）. Applying these criteria in the Sichuan Basin, the Silurian Longmaxi shale consists of four prospecting sweet spots, including blocks of Changning, Weiyuan, Zhaotong and Fushnn-Yongchuan. Although these four blocks have some similarities, different features were usually observed. After comprehensive analyses using the six-property assessment method, the Fushun-Yongan Block ranks the most favorable sweet spot, followed by the Weiyuan Block. For the other two blocks, the Changning Block is better than the Zbaotong Block. By comparing with the Mississippian Barnett shale, characteristics that are crucial for a high-yielding in the Sichuan Basin include a high content of organic matter （TOC〉2.5%）, a moderate thermal maturity （Ro=0.4%-2%）, a high content of brittle minerals （quartz： 30%-45%）, a high gas content （〉2.5 m^3·t^-1）, and types I and II1 kerogen.展开更多
文摘Microseismic technology has been proven to be a practical approach for in-situ monitoring of fracture growth during hydraulic fracture stimulations. Microseismic monitoring has rapidly evolved in acquisition methodology, data processing, and in this paper, we evaluate the progression of this technology with emphasis on their applications in Barnett shale gas reservoir. Microseismic data analysis indicates a direct proportion between microseismic moment magnitude and depth, yet no relation between microseismic activity and either injection rate or injection volume has been observed. However, large microseismic magnitudes have been recorded where hydraulic fracturing stimulation approaches a fault and therefore the geologic framework should be integrated in such programs. In addition, the geometry of fracture growth resulted by proppant interactions with naturally fractured formations follows unpredictable fashion due to redirecting the injection fluids along flow paths associated with the pre-existing fault network in the reservoir. While microseismic imaging is incredibly useful in revealing the fracture geometry and the way the fracture evolves, recently several concerns have been raised regarding the capability of microseismic data to provide the fracture dimensional parameters and the fracture mechanism that could provide detailed information for reservoir characterization.
文摘The purpose of this descriptive study was to collect quantitative, normative data for the Barnett Balance Assessment-Sitting (BBA-SIT), a newly-developed dynamic sitting balance assessment tool based on the Barnett Balance Assessment (BBA). The BBA-SIT was administered to a total of 180 participants (30 people in each of the following age categories: 18 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59, 60 - 69, and 70+) who did not have any current balance deficits. A review of normative data collected indicated no variation in the total assessment scores within and between groups. Future research on the BBA-SIT is needed with balance-impaired populations to determine if the BBA-SIT is sensitive enough to identify subtle differences in dynamic sitting balance in individuals with various levels of balance impairment.
文摘得克萨斯州Marathon I esquite井Barnett页岩层序为位于生油窗的成熟烃源岩。该层序自上而下分成5个不连续的小层：第一小层为Marble Fails石灰岩，第二小层主要由富含有机质的非钙质泥岩构成，第三小层为泥质岩，第四、五小层均富含方解石。利用光谱、气相色谱等方法对Barnett页岩层内油气运移、滞留以及排烃反应进行了研究，得出第二小层为有利目的层段，与第三小层相比，第二小层的油品质更高（较多脂肪族），储存潜力更大（海绵骨针衍生的微晶石英），油对有机质的吸附亲和力更低。
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2014CB239000)the China Major National Scientific and Technological Project (No. 2011ZX05018-001)
文摘Based on field work, organic geochemical analyses and experimental testing, a six-property assessment method for shale gas is proposed. These six properties include organic matter properies, lithofacies, petrophysical properties, gas content, brittleness and local stress field. Due to the features of continuous distribution over a large area and low resource abundance in shale plays, a sweet spot should have these following properties： （a） TOC〉2%; （b） brittle minerals content （〉40%） and clay minerals （〈30%）; （c） Ro （〉1.1%）; （d） porosity （〉2%） and permeability （〉0.000 1 mD）, and （e） effective thickness （30-50 m）. Applying these criteria in the Sichuan Basin, the Silurian Longmaxi shale consists of four prospecting sweet spots, including blocks of Changning, Weiyuan, Zhaotong and Fushnn-Yongchuan. Although these four blocks have some similarities, different features were usually observed. After comprehensive analyses using the six-property assessment method, the Fushun-Yongan Block ranks the most favorable sweet spot, followed by the Weiyuan Block. For the other two blocks, the Changning Block is better than the Zbaotong Block. By comparing with the Mississippian Barnett shale, characteristics that are crucial for a high-yielding in the Sichuan Basin include a high content of organic matter （TOC〉2.5%）, a moderate thermal maturity （Ro=0.4%-2%）, a high content of brittle minerals （quartz： 30%-45%）, a high gas content （〉2.5 m^3·t^-1）, and types I and II1 kerogen.
