With the aging of society,special groups have had increasing needs of integrating into social life,and higher requirements on life quality,and the society has attached increasing importance to barrier-free design.Taki...With the aging of society,special groups have had increasing needs of integrating into social life,and higher requirements on life quality,and the society has attached increasing importance to barrier-free design.Taking public rental housing for example,both circulation space and furniture design have to fully consider needs of special groups such as the seniors and the disabled.Barrier-free design in living spaces can help improve their ability of self-care,reduce their dependence on family members,fully demonstrate the"human-centered"design concept of public rental housing,and show the designers’sense of social responsibility.展开更多
A new model for self-diffusion coefficients was proposed based oil both the concepts of molecular free volume and activation energy. The unknown parameters of this model were clearly defined and compared with the Chap...A new model for self-diffusion coefficients was proposed based oil both the concepts of molecular free volume and activation energy. The unknown parameters of this model were clearly defined and compared with the Chapman-Enskog model. At the same time a new method for calculating activation energy was devised and applied to the new model. In addition, the free volume was defined by implementing the generic van der Waals equation of state, the radial distribution function of which was obtained by using the Morsali- Goharshadi empirical formula. Under the same conditions, the new model was better than the original free volume model.展开更多
Steel 20Mn23AlV is a type of high aluminum steel with a very low ladle free-opening rate. The aluminum composition of 20Mn23AlV ranges from 1.6% to 2.45% ,which is significantly higher than other types of steel. Accor...Steel 20Mn23AlV is a type of high aluminum steel with a very low ladle free-opening rate. The aluminum composition of 20Mn23AlV ranges from 1.6% to 2.45% ,which is significantly higher than other types of steel. According to the real condition of 40 t ladle in steel-making plant of Baosteel Special Steel Company, previous works show that the key factors affecting the ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel in continuous casting are：sand material, accessories baking, ladle nozzle cleaning, the process and amount of adding sand, and the rate of argon stirring during refining. Therefore, improving the ladle filler sand quality, baking all of the raw materials, controlling the addition of ladle filler sand, cleaning the ladle nozzle, and optimizing argon stirring during the refining process can resolve the problem of a low ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel caused by the long ladle time of liquid steel.展开更多
Mounting evidence indicates that amyloid β protein（Aβ） exerts neurotoxicity by disrupting the blood-brain barrier（BBB） in Alzheimer＇s disease. Hyperoside has neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo ag...Mounting evidence indicates that amyloid β protein（Aβ） exerts neurotoxicity by disrupting the blood-brain barrier（BBB） in Alzheimer＇s disease. Hyperoside has neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo against Aβ. Our previous study found that hyperoside suppressed Aβ1-42-induced leakage of the BBB, however, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, bEnd.3 cells were pretreated with 50, 200, or 500 μM hyperoside for 2 hours, and then exposed to Aβ1-42 for 24 hours. Cell viability was determined using 3-（4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick-end labeling assay were used to analyze cell apoptosis. Western blot assay was carried out to analyze expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspse-8, caspase-9, caspase-12, occludin, claudin-5, zonula occludens-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2（MMP-2）, and MMP-9. Exposure to Aβ1-42 alone remarkably induced bEnd.3 cell apoptosis; increased ratios of cleaved caspase-9/caspase-9, Bax/Bcl-2, cleav ed caspase-8/caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-12/caspase-12; increased expression of cytochrome c and activity of caspase-3; diminished levels of zonula occludens-1, claudin-5, and occludin; and increased levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. However, hyperoside pretreatment reversed these changes in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings confirm that hyperoside alleviates fibrillar Aβ1-42-induced BBB disruption, thus offering a feasible therapeutic application in Alzheimer＇s disease.展开更多
We have been developing debris-free laser plasma sources for EUV lithography since 1996. Two types of debris-free sources, such as cryogenic target and gas-puff target laser plasma sources, were designed and built up ...We have been developing debris-free laser plasma sources for EUV lithography since 1996. Two types of debris-free sources, such as cryogenic target and gas-puff target laser plasma sources, were designed and built up in CIOMP. EUV radiation spectra of the sources with a variety of targets have been obtained by different ways.展开更多
The theoretical model and the numerical analyses on the Gibbs-free-energy of the association states of amphiphilic molecules in nanoconfined aqueous solutions are presented in detail. We exhibit the continuous change ...The theoretical model and the numerical analyses on the Gibbs-free-energy of the association states of amphiphilic molecules in nanoconfined aqueous solutions are presented in detail. We exhibit the continuous change of the Gibbs-free-energy trend, which plays a critical role in the association states of the system transforming from the dispersion state, through the "reversible state", and finally to the aggregation state in amphiphilic molecule solutions. Furthermore, for the "reversible state", we present the difference in the free-energy barrier heights of the dispersion state and aggregation state, resulting from the competition between the entropy,which makes the solute molecules evenly disperse in the solution and the energy contribution driving the amphiphilic molecules to aggregate into a larger cluster. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of confinement effects on the solute association processes in aqueous solutions and may further improve the techniques of material fabrication.展开更多
Ohjectire To examine the hypothesis of normal perjusion pressure breakthrough (NPPB). Methods A modified Spetzler carotid -jugular (CJ) fistula model was created to imitate NPPB. In 9 male adult Sprague- Dawley rats, ...Ohjectire To examine the hypothesis of normal perjusion pressure breakthrough (NPPB). Methods A modified Spetzler carotid -jugular (CJ) fistula model was created to imitate NPPB. In 9 male adult Sprague- Dawley rats, the ipsilateral vertebral artery and bilateral external carotid arteries were occluded. The period of hypoperfusion CJ fistula was extended to 14 weeks, as a modofcation of Spetzler model. The histological change were examtned under transmission electron microscope 14 weeks after creation of the listula. Results Ischemic histological changes such as increased pinocytosis, increased lucency of the basal lamina, and frank necrosis of the cerebral capillary were found in rats of CJ fistula group. Conclusion The findings in this study suggest that blood - braln barrier (BBB) was impaired by chronic hypoperfusion. The impaired BBB mny be one of the important causes of the NPPB phenomenon.展开更多
In this study, two thermal barrier coatings based on YSZ were produced by using a commercially available agglomerated and sintered powder and a special spray powder prepared by high energy ball milling. Both thermal b...In this study, two thermal barrier coatings based on YSZ were produced by using a commercially available agglomerated and sintered powder and a special spray powder prepared by high energy ball milling. Both thermal barrier coatings exhibited similar overall porosities, but significantly different microstructures. Application of the special spray powder prepared by high energy ball milling led to a microstructure with numerous inclusions of semi-molten agglomerates, which introduced a plethora of clusters of fine pores into the coating and several more microstructural defects. This microstructure resulted in a significantly better thermal shock behavior compared to the conventional thermal barrier coating. The heat treatment of both thermal barrier coatings atθ=1150℃for t=100 h led to a sintering of both coatings. The results were reduced overall porosity and significantly increased fracture toughness. A correlation between the fracture toughness of both coatings after the heat treatment and the thermal shock life time could not be identified.展开更多
In this paper,we give all-sided pastic analysis of the rectangular slab with three edges simply-supported and other free.Here we discuss the following four cases:(1)The uniformly distributedload over the area a slab.(...In this paper,we give all-sided pastic analysis of the rectangular slab with three edges simply-supported and other free.Here we discuss the following four cases:(1)The uniformly distributedload over the area a slab.(2).A concentrated load act at midpoint of free edges slab.(3)A concen-trated load act at the center a slab.(4)The line load act along free edge of slab.展开更多
BACKGROUND It is known that under conditions of tissue tolerance to insulin,observed during type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM2),there is an increased production of reactive oxygen species.Moreover,the free radicals can init...BACKGROUND It is known that under conditions of tissue tolerance to insulin,observed during type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM2),there is an increased production of reactive oxygen species.Moreover,the free radicals can initiate lipid peroxidation(LPO)in lipoprotein particles.The concentration of LPO products can influence the state of insulin receptors,repressing their hormone connection activity,which is expressed as a reduction of the glucose consumption by cells.It is possible that reduction in glucose concentration during administration of 10-(6-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium(SkQ1)to rats with DM2 may be related to the antioxidant properties of this substance.AIM To establish the influence of SkQ1 on free-radical homeostasis in the heart and blood serum of rats with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia.METHODS To induce hyperglycemia,rats were fed a high-fat diet for 1 mo and then administered two intra-abdominal injections of streptozotocin with a 7-d interval at a 30 mg/kg of animal weight dose with citrate buffer equal to pH 4.4.SkQ1 solution was administered intraperitoneally at a 1250 nmol/kg dose per day.Tissue samples were taken from control animals,animals with experimental hyperglycemia,rats with streptozotocin-induced glycemia that were administered SkQ1 solution,animals housed under standard vivarium conditions that were administered SkQ1,rats that were administered intraperitoneally citrate buffer equal to pH 4.4 once a week during 2 wk after 1-mo high-fat diet,and animals that were administered intraperitoneally with appropriate amount of solution without SkQ1(98%ethanol diluted eight times with normal saline solution).To determine the intensity of free radical oxidation and total antioxidant activity,we used the biochemiluminescence method.Aconitate hydratase(AH),superoxide dismutase,and catalase activities were estimated using the Hitachi U-1900 spectrophotometer supplied with software.The amount of citrate was determined by means of the Natelson method.Real-time polymerase chain reaction was carried out using an amplifier ANK-32.RESULTS It was found that the mitochondrial-directed antioxidant elicits decrease of biochemiluminescence parameter values that increase by pathology as well as the levels of primary products of LPO,such as diene conjugates and carbonyl compounds,which indicate intensity of free radical oxidation.At the same time,the activity of AH,considered a crucial target of free radicals,which decreased during experimental hyperglycemia,increased.Apparently,increasing activity of AH influenced the speed of citrate utilization,whose concentration decreased after administering SkQ1 by pathology.Moreover,the previously applied antioxidant during hyperglycemia influenced the rate of antioxidant system mobilization.Thus,superoxide dismutase and catalase activity,as well as the level of gene transcript under influence of SkQ1 at pathology,were changing to the direction of control groups values.CONCLUSION According to the results of performed research,SkQ1 can be considered a promising addition to be included in antioxidant therapy of DM2.展开更多
Inspired by natural photosynthesis,fabricating high-performance S-scheme heterojunction is regarded as a successful tactic to address energy and environmental issues.Herein,NH_(2)-MIL-125(Ti)/Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S/NiS(NMT...Inspired by natural photosynthesis,fabricating high-performance S-scheme heterojunction is regarded as a successful tactic to address energy and environmental issues.Herein,NH_(2)-MIL-125(Ti)/Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S/NiS(NMT/ZCS/NiS)S-scheme heterojunction with interfacial coordination bonds is successfully synthesized through in-situ solvothermal strategy.Notably,the optimal NMT/ZCS/NiS S-scheme heterojunction exhibits comparable photocatalytic H_(2)evolution(PHE)rate of about 14876.7μmol h^(−1)g^(−1)with apparent quantum yield of 24.2%at 420 nm,which is significantly higher than that of recently reported MOFs-based photocatalysts.The interfacial coordination bonds(Zn–N,Cd–N,and Ni–N bonds)accelerate the separation and transfer of photogenerated charges,and the NiS as cocatalyst can provide more catalytically active sites,which synergistically improve the photocatalytic performance.Moreover,theoretical calculation results display that the construction of NMT/ZCS/NiS S-scheme heterojunction also optimize the binding energy of active site-adsorbed hydrogen atoms to enable fast adsorption and desorption.Photoassisted Kelvin probe force microscopy,in-situ irradiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy,and theoretical calculations provide sufficient evidence of the S-scheme charge migration mechanism.This work offers unique viewpoints for simultaneously accelerating the charge dynamics and optimizing the binding strength between the active sites and hydrogen adsorbates over S-scheme heterojunction.展开更多
文摘With the aging of society,special groups have had increasing needs of integrating into social life,and higher requirements on life quality,and the society has attached increasing importance to barrier-free design.Taking public rental housing for example,both circulation space and furniture design have to fully consider needs of special groups such as the seniors and the disabled.Barrier-free design in living spaces can help improve their ability of self-care,reduce their dependence on family members,fully demonstrate the"human-centered"design concept of public rental housing,and show the designers’sense of social responsibility.
文摘A new model for self-diffusion coefficients was proposed based oil both the concepts of molecular free volume and activation energy. The unknown parameters of this model were clearly defined and compared with the Chapman-Enskog model. At the same time a new method for calculating activation energy was devised and applied to the new model. In addition, the free volume was defined by implementing the generic van der Waals equation of state, the radial distribution function of which was obtained by using the Morsali- Goharshadi empirical formula. Under the same conditions, the new model was better than the original free volume model.
文摘Steel 20Mn23AlV is a type of high aluminum steel with a very low ladle free-opening rate. The aluminum composition of 20Mn23AlV ranges from 1.6% to 2.45% ,which is significantly higher than other types of steel. According to the real condition of 40 t ladle in steel-making plant of Baosteel Special Steel Company, previous works show that the key factors affecting the ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel in continuous casting are：sand material, accessories baking, ladle nozzle cleaning, the process and amount of adding sand, and the rate of argon stirring during refining. Therefore, improving the ladle filler sand quality, baking all of the raw materials, controlling the addition of ladle filler sand, cleaning the ladle nozzle, and optimizing argon stirring during the refining process can resolve the problem of a low ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel caused by the long ladle time of liquid steel.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81573771the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China,No.BK20151599
文摘Mounting evidence indicates that amyloid β protein（Aβ） exerts neurotoxicity by disrupting the blood-brain barrier（BBB） in Alzheimer＇s disease. Hyperoside has neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo against Aβ. Our previous study found that hyperoside suppressed Aβ1-42-induced leakage of the BBB, however, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, bEnd.3 cells were pretreated with 50, 200, or 500 μM hyperoside for 2 hours, and then exposed to Aβ1-42 for 24 hours. Cell viability was determined using 3-（4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick-end labeling assay were used to analyze cell apoptosis. Western blot assay was carried out to analyze expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspse-8, caspase-9, caspase-12, occludin, claudin-5, zonula occludens-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2（MMP-2）, and MMP-9. Exposure to Aβ1-42 alone remarkably induced bEnd.3 cell apoptosis; increased ratios of cleaved caspase-9/caspase-9, Bax/Bcl-2, cleav ed caspase-8/caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-12/caspase-12; increased expression of cytochrome c and activity of caspase-3; diminished levels of zonula occludens-1, claudin-5, and occludin; and increased levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. However, hyperoside pretreatment reversed these changes in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings confirm that hyperoside alleviates fibrillar Aβ1-42-induced BBB disruption, thus offering a feasible therapeutic application in Alzheimer＇s disease.
文摘We have been developing debris-free laser plasma sources for EUV lithography since 1996. Two types of debris-free sources, such as cryogenic target and gas-puff target laser plasma sources, were designed and built up in CIOMP. EUV radiation spectra of the sources with a variety of targets have been obtained by different ways.
基金Supported by National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars(No.11422542)Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KJZD-EW-M03)+2 种基金Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy Sciencesthe High Performance Computing Center of Shanghai University(No.ZQ4000)Shanghai Supercomputer Center of China
文摘The theoretical model and the numerical analyses on the Gibbs-free-energy of the association states of amphiphilic molecules in nanoconfined aqueous solutions are presented in detail. We exhibit the continuous change of the Gibbs-free-energy trend, which plays a critical role in the association states of the system transforming from the dispersion state, through the "reversible state", and finally to the aggregation state in amphiphilic molecule solutions. Furthermore, for the "reversible state", we present the difference in the free-energy barrier heights of the dispersion state and aggregation state, resulting from the competition between the entropy,which makes the solute molecules evenly disperse in the solution and the energy contribution driving the amphiphilic molecules to aggregate into a larger cluster. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of confinement effects on the solute association processes in aqueous solutions and may further improve the techniques of material fabrication.
文摘Ohjectire To examine the hypothesis of normal perjusion pressure breakthrough (NPPB). Methods A modified Spetzler carotid -jugular (CJ) fistula model was created to imitate NPPB. In 9 male adult Sprague- Dawley rats, the ipsilateral vertebral artery and bilateral external carotid arteries were occluded. The period of hypoperfusion CJ fistula was extended to 14 weeks, as a modofcation of Spetzler model. The histological change were examtned under transmission electron microscope 14 weeks after creation of the listula. Results Ischemic histological changes such as increased pinocytosis, increased lucency of the basal lamina, and frank necrosis of the cerebral capillary were found in rats of CJ fistula group. Conclusion The findings in this study suggest that blood - braln barrier (BBB) was impaired by chronic hypoperfusion. The impaired BBB mny be one of the important causes of the NPPB phenomenon.
基金the German Science Foundation (DFG) for financially supporting the research work within the scope of the DFG projects ZH205/2-1 and BO1979/32-2
文摘In this study, two thermal barrier coatings based on YSZ were produced by using a commercially available agglomerated and sintered powder and a special spray powder prepared by high energy ball milling. Both thermal barrier coatings exhibited similar overall porosities, but significantly different microstructures. Application of the special spray powder prepared by high energy ball milling led to a microstructure with numerous inclusions of semi-molten agglomerates, which introduced a plethora of clusters of fine pores into the coating and several more microstructural defects. This microstructure resulted in a significantly better thermal shock behavior compared to the conventional thermal barrier coating. The heat treatment of both thermal barrier coatings atθ=1150℃for t=100 h led to a sintering of both coatings. The results were reduced overall porosity and significantly increased fracture toughness. A correlation between the fracture toughness of both coatings after the heat treatment and the thermal shock life time could not be identified.
文摘In this paper,we give all-sided pastic analysis of the rectangular slab with three edges simply-supported and other free.Here we discuss the following four cases:(1)The uniformly distributedload over the area a slab.(2).A concentrated load act at midpoint of free edges slab.(3)A concen-trated load act at the center a slab.(4)The line load act along free edge of slab.
文摘BACKGROUND It is known that under conditions of tissue tolerance to insulin,observed during type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM2),there is an increased production of reactive oxygen species.Moreover,the free radicals can initiate lipid peroxidation(LPO)in lipoprotein particles.The concentration of LPO products can influence the state of insulin receptors,repressing their hormone connection activity,which is expressed as a reduction of the glucose consumption by cells.It is possible that reduction in glucose concentration during administration of 10-(6-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium(SkQ1)to rats with DM2 may be related to the antioxidant properties of this substance.AIM To establish the influence of SkQ1 on free-radical homeostasis in the heart and blood serum of rats with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia.METHODS To induce hyperglycemia,rats were fed a high-fat diet for 1 mo and then administered two intra-abdominal injections of streptozotocin with a 7-d interval at a 30 mg/kg of animal weight dose with citrate buffer equal to pH 4.4.SkQ1 solution was administered intraperitoneally at a 1250 nmol/kg dose per day.Tissue samples were taken from control animals,animals with experimental hyperglycemia,rats with streptozotocin-induced glycemia that were administered SkQ1 solution,animals housed under standard vivarium conditions that were administered SkQ1,rats that were administered intraperitoneally citrate buffer equal to pH 4.4 once a week during 2 wk after 1-mo high-fat diet,and animals that were administered intraperitoneally with appropriate amount of solution without SkQ1(98%ethanol diluted eight times with normal saline solution).To determine the intensity of free radical oxidation and total antioxidant activity,we used the biochemiluminescence method.Aconitate hydratase(AH),superoxide dismutase,and catalase activities were estimated using the Hitachi U-1900 spectrophotometer supplied with software.The amount of citrate was determined by means of the Natelson method.Real-time polymerase chain reaction was carried out using an amplifier ANK-32.RESULTS It was found that the mitochondrial-directed antioxidant elicits decrease of biochemiluminescence parameter values that increase by pathology as well as the levels of primary products of LPO,such as diene conjugates and carbonyl compounds,which indicate intensity of free radical oxidation.At the same time,the activity of AH,considered a crucial target of free radicals,which decreased during experimental hyperglycemia,increased.Apparently,increasing activity of AH influenced the speed of citrate utilization,whose concentration decreased after administering SkQ1 by pathology.Moreover,the previously applied antioxidant during hyperglycemia influenced the rate of antioxidant system mobilization.Thus,superoxide dismutase and catalase activity,as well as the level of gene transcript under influence of SkQ1 at pathology,were changing to the direction of control groups values.CONCLUSION According to the results of performed research,SkQ1 can be considered a promising addition to be included in antioxidant therapy of DM2.
文摘Inspired by natural photosynthesis,fabricating high-performance S-scheme heterojunction is regarded as a successful tactic to address energy and environmental issues.Herein,NH_(2)-MIL-125(Ti)/Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S/NiS(NMT/ZCS/NiS)S-scheme heterojunction with interfacial coordination bonds is successfully synthesized through in-situ solvothermal strategy.Notably,the optimal NMT/ZCS/NiS S-scheme heterojunction exhibits comparable photocatalytic H_(2)evolution(PHE)rate of about 14876.7μmol h^(−1)g^(−1)with apparent quantum yield of 24.2%at 420 nm,which is significantly higher than that of recently reported MOFs-based photocatalysts.The interfacial coordination bonds(Zn–N,Cd–N,and Ni–N bonds)accelerate the separation and transfer of photogenerated charges,and the NiS as cocatalyst can provide more catalytically active sites,which synergistically improve the photocatalytic performance.Moreover,theoretical calculation results display that the construction of NMT/ZCS/NiS S-scheme heterojunction also optimize the binding energy of active site-adsorbed hydrogen atoms to enable fast adsorption and desorption.Photoassisted Kelvin probe force microscopy,in-situ irradiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy,and theoretical calculations provide sufficient evidence of the S-scheme charge migration mechanism.This work offers unique viewpoints for simultaneously accelerating the charge dynamics and optimizing the binding strength between the active sites and hydrogen adsorbates over S-scheme heterojunction.
