Effect of diode size and series resistance on barrier height and ideality factor in nearly ideal Au/n type-GaAs micro Schottky contact diodes

Small high-quality Au/n type-GaAs Schottky barrier diodes （SBDs） with low reverse leakage current are produced using lithography. Their effective barrier heights （BHs） and ideality factors from current-voltage （I-V） characteristics are measured by a Pico ampere meter and home-built I-V instrument. In spite of the identical preparation of the diodes there is a diode-to-diode variation in ideality factor and barrier height parameters. Measurement of topology of a surface of a thin metal film with atomic force microscope （AFM） shows that Au-n type-GaAS SD consists of a set of parallel-connected micro and nanocontacts diodes with sizes approximately in a range of 100-200 nm. Between barrier height and ideality factor there is an inversely proportional dependency. With the diameter of contact increasing from 5 μm up to 200 μm, the barrier height increases from 0.833 up to 0.933 eV and its ideality factor decreases from 1.11 down to 1.006. These dependencies show the reduction of the contribution of the peripheral current with the diameter of contact increasing. We find the effect of series resistance on barrier height and ideality factor.

Correlation of vascular endothelial growth factor to permeability of blood-brain barrier and brain edema during high-altitude exposure

BACKGROUND： Many studies have evaluated the role of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in traumatic brain edema and hemorrhagic brain edema. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of VEGF expression on permeability of the blood-brain barrier （BBB） during high-altitude and hypoxia exposure, and to investigate the correlation between VEGF expression and BBB permeability with regard to Evans blue staining and brain edema during high-altitude exposure. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized, controlled, animal study was performed at the Tanggula Etape, Central Laboratory of Chengdu Medical College, and Central Laboratory of General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, China, from July 2003 to November 2004. MATERIALS： Quantitative RT-PCR kit （Sigma, USA）, VEGF ELISA kit （Biosource, USA）, and Evans blue （Jingchun, China） were acquired for this study. METHODS： A total of 180 Wistar rats were equally and randomly assigned to 15 groups： low-altitude （500 m）, middle-altitude （2 880 m）, high-altitude （4 200 m）, super-high-altitude （5 000 m）, 1,3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21 days of super high-altitude exposure. Wistar rats were exposed to various altitude gradients to establish a hypoxia model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Brain water content was calculated according to the wet-to-dry weight ratio. BBB permeability to Evans blue was determined by colorimetric method. VEGF mRNA and protein levels in brain tissues were detected using RT-PCR and double-antibody sandwich ELISA. RESULTS： Brain water content, BBB permeability to Evans blue, and VEGF mRNA and protein levels in brain tissues increased with increasing altitude and prolonged exposure to altitude. The greatest increase was determined on day 9 upon ascending 5 000 m. Simultaneously, VEGF expression positively correlated to BBB permeability of Evans blue and brain water content （r = 0.975, 0.917, P〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Increased VEGF protein and mRNA expression was responsible for increased BBB permeability, which may be an important mechanism underlying brain edema during high-altitude exposure.

The effects of aerobic exercise training on oxidant-antioxidant balance, neurotrophic factor levels, and blood-brain barrier function in obese and non-obese men

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity and aerobic exercise training on oxidant-antioxidant balance,neurotrophic factor levels, and blood-brain barrier(BBB) function.Methods: Ten non-obese healthy men(body mass index < 25 kg/m2) and 10 obese men(body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) were included in the study.Both groups performed treadmill exercise for 40 min 3 times weekly for 8 weeks at 70% heart rate reserve. Blood samples were collected to examine oxidant-antioxidant balance(reactive oxygen species(ROS) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity levels), neurotrophic factors(brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), nerve growth factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor levels), and BBB function(S100βand neuron-specific enolase(NSE) levels) before and after exercise training.Results: The obese group showed significantly greater changes than the non-obese group in serum ROS(-0.46 ± 0.31 mmol/L vs.-0.10 ±0.17 mmol/L,p=0.005),serum S100 p levels(-8.50 ± 5.92 ng/L vs.-0.78 ± 5.45 ng/L,p=0.007),and serum NSE levels(-0.89 ± 0.54 μg/L vs.-0.01 ± 0.74 μg/L,p= 0.007) after training. At baseline,the obese group showed significantly higher serum ROS and S100β levels and significantly lower serum SOD activity and BDNF levels than the non-obese group(p < 0.05). The obese group showed significantly lower serum ROS, S100β,and NSE levels and significantly higher serum SOD activity and BDNF levels after training compared with baseline(p < 0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that obesity can reduce serum neurotrophic factor levels and can induce BBB dysfunction. On the other hand,aerobic exercise can improve an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in obese subjects and limit BBB dysfunction.

Inhibition of chemokine-like factor 1 improves bloodbrain barrier dysfunction in rats following focal cerebral ischemia

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of chemokine-like factor 1(CKLF1),a novel C-C chemokine,on brain-blood barrier(BBB)integrity in rat focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model.METHODS Antibodies against CKLF1 was applied to the rightcerebral ventricle immediately after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.Brain water content,Evans blue leakage and the expression of aquaporin-4(AQP-4),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin were measured.RESULTS After treatment with antiCKLF1 antibody,brain water content and Evans blue leakage in ipsilateral hemisphere were decreased in a dose-dependent manner at 24 h after reperfusion,but not changed in contralateral hemisphere.Anti-CKLF1 antibody reduced the expression of AQP-4 and MMP-9,and upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin.These results suggest that CKLF1 is involved in BBB disruption after reperfusion.CONCLUSION Inhibition of CKLF1 protects against cerebral ischemia by maintaining BBB integrity,possibly via inhibiting the expression of AQP-4 and MMP-9,and increasing the expression of tight junction protein.

Regulatory effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on blood spinal cord barrier in presyrinx state of experimental syringomyelia

BACKGROUND： Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） is able to regulate blood spinal cord barrier function as well as influence neovascularization and cause edema. OBJECTIVE： Through establishment of a rabbit model of syringomyelia, to explore the correlation between VEGF protein and mRNA expressions and function of blood spinal cord barrier and edema degree of spinal cord in presyrinx state. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized controlled animal study was performed in the Tumor Institute of the Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University from January to June 2007. MATERIALS： Atotal of 0.6 mL Kaolin solution （250 g/L, 37℃） was injected into the cisterna magna of 40 rabbits in the kaolin group to establish syringomyelia models. Goat anti-rabbit VEGF monoclonal antibody was provided by DIACLONE Company, USA; RT-PCR related reagents were provided by Huamei Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Beijing. METHODS： Sixty Chinese white rabbits were divided randomly into two groups： Kaolin group （n = 40） and control group （n = 20）. Physiological saline （0.6 mL at 37℃） was injected in rabbits of control group. On days 1,3, 7, 14 and 21 after kaolin injection, cervical cords samples were harvested after sacrifice of animal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： VEGF protein and mRNA expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after kaolin injection. A quantitative analysis of blood spinal cord barrier function was performed by Evans blue technique. Water content of the spinal cord was measured by dry-wet weight technique. The correlation between the expression of VEGF protein and mRNA and the function of blood spinal cord barrier in the upper cervical cord of the presyrinx state was analyzed by linear correlation analysis. RESULTS： The water content and Evans blue content increased in the kaolin group on days 1 and 3 postoperatively compared with the control group （F = 7.387, 61.35, P 〈 0.05, 0.01）, and reached a peak on day 7 （F = 135.94, 528.35, P 〈 0.01）. They declined slowly to day 21 postoperatively, but both contents were still higher than the control group （F = 11.51, 58.63, P 〈 0.01）. VEGF protein expression increased on day 1, and stronger positive expression was seen on days 3, 7 and 14. It decreased on day 21. VEGF protein expression was higher than the control group at each time point （F = 137.4-468.5, P 〈 0.01 ）. VEGF mRNA expression showed the same pattern in the cervical cord at different time points. By statistical analysis, the expression of VEGF protein and mRNA had a significantly positive correlation with the structural and functional changes of the blood spinal cord barrier in the presyrinx state （r = 0.604-0.979, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： In the presyrinx state of syringomyelia, the expressions of VEGF protein and mRNA can influence the structure and function of the blood spinal cord barrier and play an important role in the formation and development of spinal cord edema and syringomyelia.

Intranasal nerve growth factor bypasses the blood-brain barrier and affects spinal cord neurons in spinal cord injury

The purpose of this work was to investigate whether, by intranasal administration, the nerve growth factor bypasses the blood-brain barrier and turns over the spinal cord neurons and if such therapeutic approach could be of value in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats with intact and injured spinal cord received daily intranasal nerve growth factor administration in both nostrils for 1 day or for 3 consecutive weeks. We found an in-creased content of nerve growth factor and enhanced expression of nerve growth factor receptor in the spinal cord 24 hours after a single intranasal administration of nerve growth factor in healthy rats, while daily treatment for 3 weeks in a model of spinal cord injury improved the deifcits in locomotor behaviour and increased spinal content of both nerve growth factor and nerve growth factor receptors. These outcomes suggest that the intranasal nerve growth factor bypasses blood-brain barrier and affects spinal cord neurons in spinal cord injury. They also suggest exploiting the possible therapeutic role of intranasally delivered nerve growth factor for the neuroprotection of damaged spinal nerve cells.

Study on the Microsecond Pulse Homogeneous Dielectric Barrier Discharges in Atmospheric Air and Its Influencing Factors

The homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） in atmospheric air between two symmetric-columnar copper electrodes with epoxy plates as the dielectric barriers is generated using a us pulse high voltage power supply. The discharge characteristics are studied by measurement of its electrical discharge parameters and observation of its light emission phenom- ena, and the main discharge parameters of the homogenous DBD, such as discharge current and average discharge power, are calculated. Results show that the discharge generated is a homogeneous one with one larger single current pulse of about 2 #s duration appearing in each voltage pulse, and its light emission is radially homogeneous and covers the entire surface of the two elec- trodes. The influences of applied voltage amplitude, air gap distance and barrier thickness on the transition of discharge modes are studied. With the increase of air gap distance, the discharge will transit from homogeneous mode to filamentary mode. The higher the thickness of dielectric barriers, the larger the air gap distance for generating the homogeneous discharge mode. The average discharge power increases non-linearly with increasing applied voltage amplitude, and decreases non-linearly with the increase of air gap distance and barrier thickness. In order to generate stable and homogeneous DBD with high discharge power, thin barriers distance should be used, and higher applied voltage amplitude should be applied to small air gap.

Changes in blood-brain barrier permeability and expression of related factors in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage following minocycline treatment

Inflammatory factor aggregation and blood-brain barrier（BBB）damage occur around hematoma foci following intracerebral hemorrhage.Minocycline is lipophilic,can pass through the BBB,and shows anti-inflammatory effects in models of central nervous system disease.We found that minocycline application at 6 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage reduced BBB permeability,decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression,and increased nerve growth factor and heat shock protein 70 expression,primarily in neurons and microglia.Early intraperitoneal injection of minocycline attenuated BBB damage possibly by reducing vascular endothelial growth factor expression and enhancing nerve growth factor and heat shock protein 70 expression.

Effect of platelet activating factor on blood spinal cord barrier following cervical cord injury

Effect of platelet activating factor(PAF) on blood spinal cord barrier in cervical cord injury was investigated. Methods: Spinal cord injury at C6 segment was induced with Allen’s ’method in cats. PAF and PAF receptor antagonist BN52021 were administered by arachnoid space and intravenous injection respectively, and their effects on PAF levels, blood spinal cord barrier and cervical cord edema in the injuried zone and adjacent cervical cord tissue following cervical cord injury were investigated. Results: PAF levels, Evens content and water content in the injuried and adjacent cervical cord tissues significantly increased following trauma. PAF levels, Evens content and water content were evidently elevated with PAF by arachnoid space injection. PAF receptor antagonist BN52021 could inhibit the increase in PAF levels and reduce Evens and water content in the cervical cord tissue following trauma. Conclusion: PAF is an important contributing factor causing post-traumatic damage to the blood spinal cord barrier, while PAF receptor antagonist can effectively relieve post-traumatic damage to the blood spinal cord barrier.

Analysis and simulation of a 4H-SiC semi-superjunction Schottky barrier diode for softer reverse-recovery

In this paper, a 4H-SiC semi-superjunction （S J） Schottky barrier diode is analysed and simulated. The semi-SJ structure has an optimized design and a specific on-resistance lower than that of conventional SJ structures, which can be achieved without increasing the process difficulty. The simulation results show that the specific on-resistance and the softness factor depend on the aspect and thickness ratios, and that by using the semi-SJ structure, specific on-resistance can be reduced without decreasing the softness factor. It is observed that a trade-off exists between the specific on-resistance and the softness of the diode.

Moxibustion regulates inflammatory mediators and colonic mucosal barrier in ulcerative colitis rats

AIM: To observe the efficacy and mechanism of grain-sized moxibustion at different acupoints in a rat model of ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, UC model, grain-sized moxibustion at a single acupoint (CV 12), grain-sized moxibustion at two acupoints (CV 12 and CV 4), grain-sized moxibustion at three acupoints (CV 12, CV 4, and ST 36), and medication groups (n = 8/group). The UC model was established by enema of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Direct moxibustion was used once a day for 7 d. Disease activity index (DAI) was evaluated before and after the treatment. Morphologic changes of intestinal tissue were observed under an optical microscope. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in colonic tissue was detected using Western blot, and the levels of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) mRNAs were detected using reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the intestinal mucosae were incomplete in the model group, glandular structures were irregular, and submucosae were edematous, hyperemic, and infiltrated with inflammatory cells. The DAI scores and expression of TNF-alpha and p38MAPK were increased significantly in the model group compared to controls (Ps < 0.01), while the mRNA levels of occludin and ZO-1 were reduced significantly (Ps < 0.01). Compared with the model group, colonic mucosa and the arrangement of glands were complete and regular in the treatment groups. DAI scores and the expression of TNF-alpha and p38MAPK were reduced significantly in moxibustion groups compared to controls (Ps < 0.01), while the mRNA levels of occludin and ZO-1 were increased significantly (Ps < 0.01). The improvements in the above indices in the three acupoints group and the medication group were superior to those in the single and two acupoints groups (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Reduction of TNF-alpha and p38MAPK and increased expression of occludin and ZO-1 in colonic tissue represent a potential mechanism for improved intestinal mucosal tissue repair with grain-sized moxibustion.

糖尿病足患者运动管理循证实践方案临床应用的障碍因素和促进因素分析

目的 了解糖尿病足(DF)患者运动管理循证实践方案临床应用的障碍因素与促进因素,为临床护理工作提供参考。方法 采用立意抽样法,2022年8-10月在我院选取20位与证据临床应用的相关人员进行半结构式访谈,应用Colaizzi 7步分析法对访谈资料进行整理和分析。结果 形成4个主题,分别是变革层面、接受者层面、组织环境层面障碍因素和促进因素。结论 应综合临床实际情境不断完善证据应用,增加实践者的职业获益感和组织支持感,加大对患者宣教力度,制定完整清晰的护理质量管理体系,改善运动设备与场所,促进多学科紧密合作,以利于促进证据在临床中的应用。

Thermal insulation and cooling properties of thermal barrier coatings of flame baffles

In order to study the thermal insulation and cooling properties of thermal barrier coatings of a flame baffle,several ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings with different thicknesses were prepared on the surface of aluminium-alloy flame-baffle samples by plasma spraying.The relations between temperature and time of these samples were tested when they were heated by combustion flame.The relations between temperature of the coatings and the sample bodies and time were also tested when the samples at high temperatures were cooled by water.The experimental results indicated that ① the thicker the thermal barrier coatings,the better the thermal insulation effect of the thermal barrier;② the higher the temperature,the more significant of the thermal insulation of the thermal barrier.Also,in the case of water-cooling,the cooling rate of the coatings was greatly subject to the plate body and the cooling rate of coatings below 1.0mm was equivalent to that of the plate body.

Infl iximab relieves blood retinal barrier breakdown through the p38 MAPK pathway in a diabetic rat model

AIM： To clarify the mechanism of infliximab treatment in diabetic macular edema （DME） and to provide a new alternative therapy for DME. METHODS： Rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group and the infliximab treatment group. A diabetic rat model was created. The concentration of TNF-α in the vitreous body was detected by ELISA. The expressions of B-Raf, p38, claudin-1 and occludin in the retina were detected by Western blot. The integrity of the blood retinal barrier （BRB） was measured using Evan＇s blue as a tracer. RESULTS： After three months and six months of the diabetes model, the vitreous TNF-α level in the model group was higher than that of the control group. It was also higher in treated group than that of the control group but was lower than that of the model group. The differences among the three groups were statistically significant （at 3mo, F=857.098, P〈0.001; 6mo, F=1261.897, P〈0.001）. The retina B-Raf and p38 levels in the model group were higher than that of the control group. They were also higher in treated group than that of the control group but were lower than that of the model group. The differences among the three groups were statistically significant （B-Raf at 3mo, F=106.596, P〈0.001 and at 6mo, F=200.681, P〈0.001; p38 at 3mo, F=41.662, P〈0.001 and at 6mo, F=67.979, P〈0.001）. The retina claudin-1 and occludin levels in the model group were lower than that of the control group. They were also lower in treated group than that of the control group but were higher than that of the model group. The differences among three groups were statistically significant （claudin-1 at3mo, F=-139.088, P〈0.001 and at 6mo, F=128.415, P〈0.001; occludin at 3mo, F=-92.733, P〈0.001 and at 6mo, F--104.478, P〈0.001）. The retinal Evans blue leakage in the model group was higher than that of the control group. It was also higher in treated group than that of the control group but was lower than that of the model group. The differences among the three groups were statistically significant （at 3mo, F=-447.946, P〈0.001; at 6mo, F＇=-1610.732, P〈0.001）. CONCLUSION： In-α diabetic rat model, infliximab may relieve TNF-α induced BRB breakdown via the B-Raf and p38 signaling pathway.

Protective effect of exogenous IGF-I on the intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with severe acute pancreatitis

Severe acute pancreatitis （SAP） can result in intestinal mucosal barrier （IMB） dysfunction. This study was undertaken to demonstrate the effect of IGF-I on the intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with SAP and its possible mechanisms. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups： a sham operation （SO group, n=24）, a SAP group not treated with IGF-I （SAP group, n=24）, and a SAP group treated with IGF-I （IGF-I group, n=24）. SAP was induced in the rats by injecting 5.0% sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct. The SO rats were given an infusion of normal saline instead. The rats in the IGF-I group underwent the SAP procedure and were given a subcutaneous injection of IGF-I at 30 minutes before the operation and at 3 hours after the operation. Eight rats in each group were sacrificed at 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation. Apoptosis of mucosal cells in the small intestine was determined by TUNEL. The levels of endotoxin and DAO and serum amylase were also measured. Pathologic changes in the small intestine were monitored. Changes of bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression in the small intestine were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The levels of serum amylase were lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group at all three time points （P〈0.05）. The levels of endotoxin in the IGF-I group were higher than those in the SAP group at 6 hours, but lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group at 12 and 24 hours （P〈0.05）. The levels of diamine oxidase were higher in the IGF-I group at 6 hours but lower than those in the SAP group at 12 and 24 hours. The pathological score of the small intestine was lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group, and the difference was statistically significant at 12 and 24 hours. The pathologic changes observed under electron microscopy were better in the IGF-I group than those in the SAP group. The apoptosis index of intestinal epithelial cells was significantly decreased in the IGF-I group compared with the SAP group. Compared with the SO group, the mRNA expression levels of bax were increased at each time point in the SAP group, and were significantly decreased in the IGF-I group as compared with the SAP group at each time point （P〈0.05）. The expression levels of bcl-2 were weak and not different between the SO group and the SAP group （P〉0.05）. They were significantly increased in the IGF-I group versus the SO and SAP groups （P〈0.05）. The ratio of bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression levels at each time point in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the SO group, but they were obviously decreased in the IGF-I group. Exogenous IGF-I seems to protect mucosal cells in the small intestine against SAP-induced apoptosis and could alleviate SAP-induced injury of the intestinal mucosa. The underlying mechanisms include enhanced mRNA expression of bcl-2 and inhibition of bax mRNA expression.

Functions of Müller cell-derived vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic retinopathy

Müller cells are macroglia and play many essential roles as supporting cells in the retina.To respond to pathological changes in diabetic retinopathy(DR),a major complication in the eye of diabetic patients,retinal Müller glia produce a high level of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF or VEGF-A).As VEGF is expressed by multiple retinal cell-types and Müller glia comprise only a small portion of cells in the retina,it has been a great challenge to reveal the function of VEGF or other globally expressed proteins produced by Müller cells.With the development of conditional gene targeting tools,it is now possible to dissect the function of Müller cell-derived VEGF in vivo.By using conditional gene targeting approach,we demonstrate that Müller glia are a major source of retinal VEGF in diabetic mice and Müller cell-derived VEGF plays a significant role in the alteration of protein expression and peroxynitration,which leads to retinal inflammation,neovascularization,vascular leakage,and vascular lesion,key pathological changes in DR.Therefore,Müller glia are a potential cellular target for the treatment of DR,a leading cause of blindness.

阿托伐他汀联合胞磷胆碱治疗脑小血管病轻度认知障碍疗效观察

目的 分析阿托伐他汀联合胞磷胆碱治疗脑小血管病(CSVD)轻度认知障碍(MCI)的疗效及对患者血-脑屏障功能和炎症因子的影响。方法 选取2021-03—2023-03自贡市第四人民医院收治的102例CSVD合并MCI患者为研究对象,分为观察组与对照组各51例。对照组口服胞磷胆碱钠片,观察组在对照组基础上加用阿托伐他汀钙片口服,2组均持续治疗3个月。治疗结束后比较2组患者临床疗效,以及治疗前、治疗3个月后蒙特利尔评定量表(MoCA)评分、血-脑屏障功能、炎症因子水平[血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]和血脂水平[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)],记录治疗期间不良反应。结果 治疗后观察组总有效率优于对照组(94.12%比78.43%,P<0.05)。2组患者MoCA评分较治疗前均显著升高,观察组为(27.07±1.05)分,高于对照组的(25.89±1.54)分(P<0.05)。2组患者治疗后伊文思蓝水平、血清CRP、IL-6水平、血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平较治疗前均降低,观察组分别为(10.29±1.17)μg/g、(4.67±1.03)mg/L、(101.76±10.54)ng/L、(2.06±0.46)mmol/L、(1.65±0.32)mmol/L、(1.84±0.30)mmol/L,均低于对照组的(13.87±1.56)μg/g、(6.93±1.78)mg/L、(109.34±11.12)ng/L、(3.24±0.49)mmol/L、(2.24±0.48)mmol/L、(2.39±0.46)mmol/L(P<0.05)。2组患者治疗期间相关不良反应发生率无统计学差异(7.84%比5.88%,P>0.05)。结论 阿托伐他汀联合胞磷胆碱治疗CSVD合并MCI疗效确切,有利于改善患者认知功能、血-脑屏障功能,并降低炎症因子和脂质代谢水平。

淮海经济区绿色发展水平时空演变特征及障碍因子识别

文章基于绿色发展理念,构建淮海经济区绿色发展的综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法、空间自相关及障碍度模型测度和分析了2012-2018年淮海经济区19个地级市绿色发展水平的时空格局及其主要障碍因子。研究表明,(1)淮海经济区绿色发展水平在波动中略有提升,江苏省的绿色发展水平一直高于淮海经济区整体水平。(2)淮海经济区绿色发展呈现出“东南高,西部低”的特征,绿色发展存在差异性,经济因素是区域差异的主要原因,区内与区间的差异贡献度相近。绿色发展水平存在异质性,“高-高”区域主要集中在东南部,“低-低”区域主要集中在河南及其与山东和安徽交界区域。(3)外商直接投资、创新投入、工业企业生产效率、城市基础设施和城市环境治理水平的障碍作用较大。

市域乡村振兴发展水平测度及障碍因子诊断——基于长江经济带108个地级市样本分析

乡村振兴是国家的重大战略部署,是对“三农”工作总目标的细化和具体化,是新时代做好“三农”工作的总抓手,为我国农业农村现代化指明了方向。从乡村振兴战略总要求的五个维度延伸出26个具体指标,构建乡村振兴评估指标体系,运用熵值法对长江经济带108个地级市的乡村振兴发展水平进行测度,并建立障碍度模型分析其发展的阻碍因素。结果表明:2010—2021年长江经济带乡村振兴综合水平及其五个维度的发展水平总体呈现稳步上升趋势,维度中生活富裕发展水平最高,治理有效发展水平相对较低;在空间上,长江经济带乡村振兴发展水平呈现由东向西递减的分布格局;城乡居民收入比、农村居民人均收入增长率和化肥农药施用强度是阻碍长江经济带乡村振兴发展的主要因素。

枇杷叶三萜酸联合重组人表皮生长因子对激素依赖性皮炎豚鼠皮肤屏障功能的修复及免疫失衡的影响

目的 观察枇杷叶三萜酸(TAL)联合重组人表皮生长因子(rh-EGF)对激素依赖性皮炎(HDD)豚鼠模型皮肤屏障功能修复及免疫失衡的影响。方法 选取40只无特定病原(SPF)级豚鼠,随机分为对照组、模型组、rh-EGF组、TAL组和联合组,每组各8只。除对照组外,其他各组涂抹0.05%卤米松乳膏,连续45 d,构建HDD模型。构建成功后,rh-EGF组涂抹rh-EGF凝胶,TAL组涂抹TAL溶液,联合组涂抹TAL和rh-EGF凝胶,对照组和模型组涂抹生理盐水,共15 d。记录各组临床症状并打分;检测经皮水分丢失(TEWL)、角质层含水量(WCSC)和皮脂量(SC);HE染色观察各组豚鼠皮肤组织病理变化;采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测总免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平。结果 与对照组比较,模型组症状明显、皮肤组织损坏严重,TEWL增加,WCSC和SC减少;免疫因子Ig E和IL-4水平升高、IFN-γ水平降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,rh-EGF组、TAL组和联合组用药后临床症状减轻、皮肤组织损伤不明显;TEWL减少,WCSC和SC增加,免疫因子IgE和IL-4水平降低、IFN-γ水平升高(P<0.05)。且联合组与rh-EGF组和TAL组比较,作用效果更加明显(P<0.05)。TAL组和联合组各指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 TAL联合rh-EGF可有效缓解HDD豚鼠的临床症状,改善皮肤细胞损伤,修复皮肤屏障功能,提升免疫能力。