Developing web-based urban energy environmental database

Unbalanced energy consumption distribution caused by the concentration of facilities and population topples the natural energy equilibrium of a city and causes environmental problems such as urban tropical night,heat island phenomenon,global warming deterioration.Therefore,to secure eco-friendliness and sustainability of a city,it is necessary to introduce measures to alleviate the unequal distribution phenomenon of urban energy consumption from the city planning stage.For this purpose,the first step is to understand the current energy environment.The urban energy environment is affected by many factors in addition to gathering of buildings.Therefore,there is a limit to fully understanding advanced urban energy environment with only simple statistical urban information management technique.Research on methods of analyzing urban energy environment through simulation of recent urban scale is underway.There is not enough discussion about basic informaion databases for environmental analysis simulation of urban energy.This study presents a method using GIS(geographic information system) and web-based environmental information database as a way to improve the simulation accuracy.First,environmental information factors used for urban simulation were derived,and a web-based environmental information database targeting Daegu metropolitan city of Korea was built.Then,the urban energy environment was analyzed on a trial basis by linking the database with GIS.

Market-based solutions:An appropriate approach to resolve environmental problems

It was the first time that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC),which was founded in 1988,regarded climate change as a significant international political problem(O'Brien and Williams 2007).Over the next decades,environmentalist and policy makers have been applying many efficient ways to solve various environmental problems and have gained achievements.With the support of successful cases,this paper will focus on the market-based solutions and discuss its advantages compared with the conventional approach.

Online Monitoring Volume Deformation of Cement-based Materials in Multiple Environments

Comparing and analyzing some volume deformation measuring means for cement-based materials at home and abroad, a continuous online monitor of cement-based material volume deformation in multiple environments is developed. The device is designed based on the environmental simulation technology, micro-distance measuring technology of laser and eddy current, and transmission agent online monitoring the deformation of multi-group samples. This device can be used widely, such as glass, ceramics, walling material, and so on, with high precision, low testing cost, and intellectualization.

Geoacoustic Inversion Based on Modal Dispersion Curve for Range-Dependent Environment

A geoacoustic inversion method is proposed based on the modal dispersion curve of two-wideband explosive signals for range-dependent environment. It is applied to the wideband explosive sound source data from the South China Sea in 2012. The travel time differences of different modes at various frequencies and distances are extracted by warping transform. The mean bottom acoustic parameters are inverted by matching the theoretical modal time differences to that of the experimental data. The inversion results are validated by using other explosive signals at different distances.

Source Range Estimation Based on Pulse Waveform Matching in a Slope Environment

An approach of source range estimation in an ocean environment with sloping bottom is presented. The approach is based on pulse waveform correlation matching between the received and simulated signals. An acoustic prop- agation experiment is carried out in a slope environment. The pulse signal is received by the vertical line array, and the depth structure can be obtained. For the experimental data, the depth structures of pulse waveforms are different, which depends on the source range. For a source with unknown range, the depth structure of pulse waveform can be first obtained from the experimental data. Next, the depth structures of pulse waveforms in dif- ferent ranges are numerically calculated. After the process of correlating the experimental and simulated signals, the range corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient is the estimated source range. For the explosive sources in the experiment with two depths, the mean relative errors of range estimation are both less than 7%.

A Reconstruction and Discussion of the Effect of Diagenetic Environment on Hydrocarbon Generation Based on Diagenetic Mineral Assemblage in Mudstone

Inorganic minerals in mudstone are composed of clay minerals,carbonate and detrital minerals.Detrital minerals(such as quartz and feldspar)are mainly original deposit.However,clay minerals(kaolinite,illite,and chlorite)and carbonate(calcite and dolomite)are mostly diagenetic minerals.Furthermore,conversion of the four kinds of clay minerals are common.The formation of clay minerals and carbonate is controlled by temperature,pressure,p H,Eh and type of cations during diagenesis.Therefore mineral assemblage can indicate the characteristics and change of diagenetic environment.In addition to inorganic minerals,there are also organic matter of different sources and chemical properties in mudstone.Traditionally,it is considered that evolution of organic matter is controlled by thermal effect.Now studies show that inorganic and organic matter can interact with each other and form clay-organic complexes.This suggest that attention should be paid to the influence of diagenetic mineral assemblage and diagenetic environment on the evolution of organic matter* Samples of mudstone from 1500-4500m of the Palaeogene in the Dongying Depression,China,were collected to investigate the changes of mudstone diagenetic environment.XRD,thin section and SEM were used to detect diagenetic minerals and assemblage characteristics.Results showed that content of detrital minerals,which are floating in mud matrix or preserved as silt laminae,is basically unchanged from shallow to deep strata.Clay minerals which are gathered as argillaceous matrix or preserved as argillaceous laminae have growth and decline relation to carbonate which mainly appear as micropoikilitic ferriferous calcite and ferriferous dolomite.All these characteristics indicate that detrital minerals are exogenetic,whereas carbonate is diagenetic minerals.Based on the SEM analysis of the clay minerals,it was found that smectite present honeycomb and reticulate structure,while illite present filiform and schistose structure and there are growth and decline relationship between them.Nevertheless,hexagonal tabular and stratified kaolinite has the highest content from 2400m to3300m.Rosette and stratified chlorite shows increase trend when the burial depth is deeper than 3300m.These characteristics indicated that clay minerals are diagenetic minerals and there are conversions among the four types.Therefore form shallow to deep,three diagenetic mineral assemblage zones can be divided based on the characteristics of carbonate and clay minerals in mudstone.Namely,smectite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2000-2500m;kaolinite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2500-3300m and illite+chlorite+carbonate zone below 3300m.Previous studies showed that kaolinite is stable under acidic conditions,while other clay minerals and carbonate are stable under alkaline conditions.Hence according to mineral assemblages feature,it was inferred that diagenetic environment of mudstonehasundergonethechangeof alkaline-acid-alkaline.For the organic matter with different chemical properties in mudstone,the hydrocarbon generation will be different in the acidic and alkaline diagenetic environment even if the conditions of temperature and pressure are the same.Therefore,for hydrocarbon generation we should not only focus on thermal effect,but also pay more attention to the differences of diagenetic environment which have great significance for the understanding of hydrocarbon generation,hydrocarbon expulsion and reservoir formation in mudstone.

Solving Multi-Area Environmental/Economic Dispatch by Pareto-Based Chemical-Reaction Optimization Algorithm

In this study, we present a Pareto-based chemicalreaction optimization(PCRO) algorithm for solving the multiarea environmental/economic dispatch optimization problems.Two objectives are minimized simultaneously, i.e., total fuel cost and emission. In the proposed algorithm, each solution is represented by a chemical molecule. A novel encoding mechanism for solving the multi-area environmental/economic dispatch optimization problems is designed to dynamically enhance the performance of the proposed algorithm. Then, an ensemble of effective neighborhood approaches is developed, and a selfadaptive neighborhood structure selection mechanism is also embedded in PCRO to increase the search ability while maintaining population diversity. In addition, a grid-based crowding distance strategy is introduced, which can obviously enable the algorithm to easily converge near the Pareto front. Furthermore,a kinetic-energy-based search procedure is developed to enhance the global search ability. Finally, the proposed algorithm is tested on sets of the instances that are generated based on realistic production. Through the analysis of experimental results, the highly effective performance of the proposed PCRO algorithm is favorably compared with several algorithms, with regards to both solution quality and diversity.

Research on market-based policy instruments for eco-environmental protection

The selection of policy instruments involves policy efficiency and policy effect.Effective settlement of eco-environment problems in the process of industrialization and implementation of active eco-environment protection depend on the innovation of policy instruments.In this paper,based on a descriptive analysis of the policy instruments for ecoenvironmental protection of our country,combined with the theoretical analysis and the empirical research on current marketization of eco-environmental protection,the authors indicate that eco-environmental problems originate fi'om the damage of eco-environment and the extemalities of eco-service,and that the market-based policy instruments which are helpful to balance the relationship between fight,responsibility and interest in the eco-service are effective measures to eliminate externalities and protect eco-environment.

Main issues in research and practice of environmental protection for water conservancy and hydropower projects in China

In this paper,we generally summarize the main issues in the operational period of water conservancy and hydropower projects in China over the past several decades.First,the adverse impacts of these projects since the technical guidelines were proposed in 2006 are analyzed.Then,combined with projects and experience from 2006 to 2014,the four main issues are summarized:(1) There exist many questions in the design and construction of fishways,which are useful for fish migration,and the migration effects are not as expected.(2) Temperature stratification affecting the downstream fish is the major impact of temperature,and alters fish spawning in the reproduction season.(3)Ecological base flow has been one of the primary questions of the last 30 years in China,the greatest related difficulty being quantification of the amount and flow process necessary to satisfy fish life history.(4) Fish habitat protection and restoration are popular topics in recent years with the development of river ecosystem restoration.Fish habitat loss due to the impacts of dam construction and habitat fragmentation has become more and more serious.These four issues are now the main difficulties in water project management,and interact with one another to bear combined effects on river ecosystems.The issues of eco-hydraulic consideration in the design period are the key factors.Finally,future priorities for research and practice of environmental protection for water conservancy and hydropower projects in China are proposed.The main purpose of this paper is to enhance the scientific research,monitoring,and assessment of operating effectiveness.

Coordination Control of Greenhouse Environmental Factors

Optimal control of greenhouse climate is one of the key techniques in digital agriculture.Greenhouse climate,a nonlinear and uncertain system,consists of several major environmental factors such as temperature,humidity,light intensity,and CO 2 concentration.Due to the complex coupled correlations,it is a challenge to achieve coordination control of greenhouse environmental factors.This paper proposes a model-free coordination control approach for greenhouse environmental factors based on Q-learning.Coordination control policy is found through systematic interaction with the dynamic environment to achieve optimal control for greenhouse climate with the control cost constraints.In order to decrease systematic trial-and-error risk and reduce the computational complexity in Q-learning algorithm,case-based reasoning （CBR） is seamlessly incorporated into the Q-learning process.The experimental results demonstrate that this approach is practical,highly effective and efficient.

市场型环境规制、碳减排与企业环境绩效:来自中国碳市场的证据

中国碳市场政策的持续推进,标志着环境规制体系逐步从命令控制型向市场激励型转变,准确测度碳市场作为环境规制工具的政策效应对于碳达峰碳中和的实现具有重要意义。基于A股上市企业ESG环境得分和财务数据,运用主成分分析法改进的BP神经网络模型估算的上市公司碳排放强度,并使用多时点DID模型实证检验发电行业全国碳排放权交易市场对于参与企业碳排放量及环境表现的影响。研究结果显示:发电行业全国碳市场的推行显著降低了参与企业的碳排放量,并提升了企业ESG环境得分;发电行业全国碳市场可以通过提高控排企业的创新水平来改善企业环境绩效。因此,中国应逐步扩大碳市场覆盖的行业和范围,引导企业不断加大创新投入,通过技术创新提高污染治理能力。

Agent-Based Modeling: An Application to Natural Resource Management

Computer programs have been categorized as a useful tool to evaluate the complexity of systems. In fact, agent-based modeling (ABM) is considered a new method to model complex systems characterized by the role of independent and interrelating agents. Simulations contribute in estimating and comprehending emerging behaviors that require the development of new regulations for local agents that would make improvements to the system. This paper offers an example of a methodology and a process utilized to develop a simulation model named Befergyonet, an ABM used to conduct computer simulations within a spatio-intertemporal environment. The methodology discussed in this paper is intended solely to stimulate the use of innovative computer programs to simulate complex systems as an approach to represent real world events and may be a methodological guide for readers interested in developing their own ABM.

基于纸基微流控的荧光技术在环境检测中的应用

微流控纸基分析器件(microfluidic paper-based analysisdevice,μ-PADs)凭借成本低廉、绿色环保的优点,在环境检测与分析化学等领域得到广泛的关注。基于纸基微流控的荧光检测技术灵敏度高、易于操作,在现场快速检测方面具有独特的优势,近年来国内外研究者在这一领域的探索日益深入。介绍了μ-PADs的制作方法,探讨了荧光传导机制,并对基于μ-PADs的荧光检测技术在环境污染物检测的研究现状和应用潜力进行了分析总结,同时对其未来发展方向进行了展望。

页岩油储层环保型高性能水基钻井液体系研究及应用

为了满足页岩油储层钻井对钻井液环保性能的要求,以环保型页岩抑制剂HBY-S和环保型复合润滑剂HBR-L为主要处理剂,并结合其他环保型处理剂,研制出了一种适合页岩油储层钻井的环保型高性能水基钻井液体系。室内对钻井液体系的耐温性能、抗污染性能和环保性能进行了评价,结果表明:体系具有良好的耐温性能,经过160℃老化后钻井液体系的高温高压滤失量为9.6mL,岩屑滚动回收率可以达到90.6%,润滑系数为0.089;体系具有较强的抗污染能力,钻井液中加入10%NaCl、1.0%CaCl_(2)或者15%岩屑粉时流变性能和滤失性能均比较稳定;体系的环保性能优良,钻井液的EC_(50)值为85000(无毒),BOD_(5)/COD值为26.5%(易降解),重金属含量均低于行业标准值。环保型高性能水基钻井液在某页岩油区块水平井钻井过程中进行了成功应用,其中DG-1井钻井期间未出现井下复杂事故,现场钻井液性能稳定,环保性能达标,实现了安全高效钻井的目标,在页岩油水平井钻井中具有良好的推广应用前景。

利用自然类研学课程产品赋能乡村振兴——珠海生态基地资源整合与路径探索

该文探讨整合珠海生态基地资源的自然类研学旅行课程产品如何赋能乡村振兴。通过对珠海市多个生态研学基地的走访调研,运用扎根理论对访谈文本进行三级编码。结果发现,珠海市生态基地存在资源分散、各方协同不足、基础设施不完善、教育资源整合和市场开发不力等问题。提出资源整合与规划、强化协同合作、完善基础设施、整合研学教育资源、优化市场推广途径的解决路径。通过整合珠海市生态基地资源和开发自然类研学课程,为促进乡村振兴提供创新性和可行的方案,具有重要的实践意义和指导价值。

“双碳”目标下资源禀赋、环境规制与绿色经济效率——来自中国地级市的经验证据

党的二十大把绿色发展与“双碳”同时纳入生态文明建设的目标体系,并强调运用市场力量推动生产方式绿色转型。本文基于2005—2020年全国地级市面板数据,从双重环境规制的视角,实证分析资源禀赋和环境规制对绿色经济效率的影响,并区分两类环境规制的调节机制,研究发现:绿色经济发展存在“资源诅咒”效应,命令型环境规制抑制了绿色经济效率的提升,市场型环境规制促进了绿色经济效率的提升。异质性分析发现,中、西部地区绿色经济发展存在“资源诅咒”效应,而东部地区不存在;市场型环境规制促进了东、中部地区绿色经济效率的提升,命令型环境规制抑制了中、西部地区绿色经济效率的提升。调节机制表明,市场型环境规制可以缓解绿色经济发展的“资源诅咒”效应,而命令型环境规制会强化这种效应。

Environmental Justice through Community-Policy Participatory Partnerships

Geographical information systems (GIS) are often used to design environmental justice (EJ) policy interventions. Leveraging GIS and other graphics, overburdened EJ communities can learn from maps that geographically link environmental burden (EB) and social disparity (SD) data. Visually representing EB and SD data concretizes the unjust distributions of environmental and broader inequitable societal policies. These maps can be used to efficaciously assess EJ disparities created by such policies through exploring socioeconomic characteristics with local communities. Given the great variation in how GIS EJ applications measure and visualize EB and SD, we present a community-based participatory design (CBPD) lens to collaboratively work across overburdened communities and support making EJ data accessible to all stakeholders. Our location proximity approach is a powerful way to assess overburdened EJ communities because it relies on user-predefined boundaries, and it doesn’t use a single fixed unit of reference to prioritize areas of intervention. Moreover, most areal unit applications use ordinal measures, such as percentiles, and multidimensional indexes, which are intelligible to understand by many residents. Leveraging a community-based participatory design methodology, we present our novel Proximity to Hazards Dashboard (PHD) that includes data on asphalt plants and industrial corridors, hazards often missing from state-level dashboards but very relevant for city policymaking, as well as more traditionally used environmental hazard sources. The use of the tool by policymakers and community members suggests that EJ categorization should focus less on procedural benchmarks and more on systemic change for policy impacts in ways that sustain the participatory nature of our approach.

马来海松基环氧树脂的制备与性能研究

在“双碳”发展战略目标的背景下,为探索绿色环保型生物基环氧树脂在电工设备上的应用前景,本文以可再生资源松香为原料,制备了一种生物基树脂——马来海松基环氧树脂(MPAER)。以甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐(MHHPA)为固化剂,对MPAER/MHHPA体系的固化特性、热性能、力学性能和电气性能进行了系统研究,并和商用双酚A二缩水甘油醚(DGEBA)组成的DGEBA/MHHPA体系进行对比。结果表明:MPAER/MHHPA和DGEBA/MHHPA体系的固化反应活性相当,MPAER/MHHPA体系的玻璃化转变温度为112.8℃,其力学性能和电气性能均稍弱于DGEBA/MHHPA体系,其中MPAER/MHHPA体系的电气强度比DGEBA/MHHPA体系低9.4%。但MPAER/MHHPA体系的综合性能仍较好,可以通过对MPAER进行结构优化或者与其他类型的环氧树脂共混来进一步提高其性能。

逐绿前行:政府绿色采购增进企业绿色治理研究

如何充分发挥市场型环境政策作用激发企业绿色治理动力,是当前完善国家环境治理体系、筑牢高质量发展绿色基底需解决的重要命题。本文根据节能产品与环境标志产品政府采购清单,手工采集清单内提及企业,基于观念治理、过程治理以及末端治理的三方视角,从理论和实证两个层面探讨政府绿色采购对企业绿色治理的影响。研究结果表明,进入政府绿色采购清单能够改善企业绿色治理表现,该结论在考虑潜在的内生性问题并经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析结果显示,政府绿色采购有助于强化企业环境治理意识、发挥绿色创新补偿以及激励环保设备投资,进而提升其绿色治理水平。横截面分析发现,政府绿色采购的微观绿色治理效应对重污染、严规制、强竞争和高科技行业更明显,且通过强制采购方式执行的政策激励效力高于优先采购。本文为全面理解政府绿色采购带来的环境经济效益提供了经验证据,对进一步完善政府绿色采购制度框架、提高环境治理综合质效具有启示意义。

碳中和视角下皮革企业环境成本核算与控制研究

碳中和是应对未来全球气候变暖、实现绿色可持续发展的重要举措。本文以碳中和背景下我国全面开展绿色可持续发展为抓手,对皮革企业的环境成本管理的成本核算、成本控制等工作的现状进行总结,认为当前我国皮革企业环境成本核算中存在环境成本确认不全面、环境成本分配不合理等问题;环境成本控制中存在环境成本披露实用性差、控制流程不完整等问题,针对这些问题提出了相应的优化方法。