The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the task to ensure all elderly people enjoy basic senior care services.In an aging society,basic senior care services are key to protecting the ba...The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the task to ensure all elderly people enjoy basic senior care services.In an aging society,basic senior care services are key to protecting the basic human rights of the elderly.The government-society partnership is an ideal model to guarantee basic senior care services.In terms of responsibility distribution,the government and social organizations should follow the principle of subsidiarity.On the one hand,social organizations undertake the responsibility to provide basic senior care services under public constraints with regard to service prices,service content,and service targets;On the other hand,the government is the responsible guarantor for minimum senior care services and the prevention of risks.The government’s responsibility of guaranteeing minimum senior care services lies in the government taking over relevant projects after the occurrence of risks.Constrained by the principle of subsidiarity,the government’s responsibility for risk prevention shifts from ex-ante prevention to interim and ex-post prevention.Emphasis should be placed on the principle of the government and society assuming shared responsibilities for risk prevention and achieving risk prevention through government spending.展开更多
Background: Improving Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in health care settings is a critical prerequisite for achieving national health goals and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The World Health Organization (WHO) ...Background: Improving Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in health care settings is a critical prerequisite for achieving national health goals and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target for each United Nations member state to reach by 2030. Each member state is required to reach by 2022, 2025 and 2030 at least 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively of basic level of service of the five elements which are water, sanitation, hygiene, waste management and environmental cleaning. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate and document the current state of basic water, sanitation, and hygiene services in all lower-level health care facilities in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania as of July 2022. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 99 public dispensaries in the Dar es Salaam region’s five councils: Ubungo, Kigamboni, Kinondoni and Temeke Municipalities, and Ilala City. The interviewee form and observational checklists were both digitalized using the Kobo tool software. The respondents were health care facility in-charges or nurse in-charges. Data were downloaded, validated, and imported to Stata version 15 for analysis. Results: The basic WASH level per JMP is far below the target in 2022. Each member state by 2022 is required to reach at least 60% of the basic level of service of each element. We found a low coverage of basic WASH in the 99 dispensaries included in this study. The basic WASH coverage was met in only 10 (10.1%) of the dispensaries, while the remaining 89 (89.9%) dispensaries fall on limited WASH services. Conclusion: This study revealed lower coverage of basic WASH services in dispensaries. An urgent need is required to improve the status of WASH in all the dispensaries and facilitate the provision of quality health care services, patient safety and reduce health care associated infections.展开更多
目的研制普通病房护士安宁疗护基本能力量表,并检测其信效度。方法通过文献回顾、小组讨论、专家咨询、小样本预调查等方法募集、筛选条目初步形成测试量表;于2021年1-3月用该量表对1000名来自各内科、各外科、急诊科、妇产科及重症监...目的研制普通病房护士安宁疗护基本能力量表,并检测其信效度。方法通过文献回顾、小组讨论、专家咨询、小样本预调查等方法募集、筛选条目初步形成测试量表;于2021年1-3月用该量表对1000名来自各内科、各外科、急诊科、妇产科及重症监护室等科室的护士进行调查;使用SPSS和AMOS软件对数据进行项目分析、探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,以验证量表的信效度,最终形成正式量表。结果经因子分析提取5个公因子,37个条目,累计方差贡献率71.031%,量表整体Cronbach’sα系数为0.953,折半信度为0.772,重测信度为0.963,验证性因子分析模型拟合良好,χ^(2)/df=2.57,近似误差均方根(root mean square error of approximation,RMSEA)=0.059,比较拟合指数(comparative fit index,CFI)=0.909,增量拟合指数(incremental fit index,IFI)=0.910,非规范拟合指数(Tucker-Lewis index,TLI)=0.901。结论本研究构建的普通病房护士安宁疗护基本能力评估量表信效度良好,可以用于评价普通病房护士安宁疗护基本能力。展开更多
基金a phased research result of the 2021 Major Project of the National Human Rights Education and Training Base for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education(No.21JJD820005).
文摘The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the task to ensure all elderly people enjoy basic senior care services.In an aging society,basic senior care services are key to protecting the basic human rights of the elderly.The government-society partnership is an ideal model to guarantee basic senior care services.In terms of responsibility distribution,the government and social organizations should follow the principle of subsidiarity.On the one hand,social organizations undertake the responsibility to provide basic senior care services under public constraints with regard to service prices,service content,and service targets;On the other hand,the government is the responsible guarantor for minimum senior care services and the prevention of risks.The government’s responsibility of guaranteeing minimum senior care services lies in the government taking over relevant projects after the occurrence of risks.Constrained by the principle of subsidiarity,the government’s responsibility for risk prevention shifts from ex-ante prevention to interim and ex-post prevention.Emphasis should be placed on the principle of the government and society assuming shared responsibilities for risk prevention and achieving risk prevention through government spending.
文摘Background: Improving Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in health care settings is a critical prerequisite for achieving national health goals and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target for each United Nations member state to reach by 2030. Each member state is required to reach by 2022, 2025 and 2030 at least 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively of basic level of service of the five elements which are water, sanitation, hygiene, waste management and environmental cleaning. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate and document the current state of basic water, sanitation, and hygiene services in all lower-level health care facilities in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania as of July 2022. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 99 public dispensaries in the Dar es Salaam region’s five councils: Ubungo, Kigamboni, Kinondoni and Temeke Municipalities, and Ilala City. The interviewee form and observational checklists were both digitalized using the Kobo tool software. The respondents were health care facility in-charges or nurse in-charges. Data were downloaded, validated, and imported to Stata version 15 for analysis. Results: The basic WASH level per JMP is far below the target in 2022. Each member state by 2022 is required to reach at least 60% of the basic level of service of each element. We found a low coverage of basic WASH in the 99 dispensaries included in this study. The basic WASH coverage was met in only 10 (10.1%) of the dispensaries, while the remaining 89 (89.9%) dispensaries fall on limited WASH services. Conclusion: This study revealed lower coverage of basic WASH services in dispensaries. An urgent need is required to improve the status of WASH in all the dispensaries and facilitate the provision of quality health care services, patient safety and reduce health care associated infections.
文摘目的研制普通病房护士安宁疗护基本能力量表,并检测其信效度。方法通过文献回顾、小组讨论、专家咨询、小样本预调查等方法募集、筛选条目初步形成测试量表;于2021年1-3月用该量表对1000名来自各内科、各外科、急诊科、妇产科及重症监护室等科室的护士进行调查;使用SPSS和AMOS软件对数据进行项目分析、探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,以验证量表的信效度,最终形成正式量表。结果经因子分析提取5个公因子,37个条目,累计方差贡献率71.031%,量表整体Cronbach’sα系数为0.953,折半信度为0.772,重测信度为0.963,验证性因子分析模型拟合良好,χ^(2)/df=2.57,近似误差均方根(root mean square error of approximation,RMSEA)=0.059,比较拟合指数(comparative fit index,CFI)=0.909,增量拟合指数(incremental fit index,IFI)=0.910,非规范拟合指数(Tucker-Lewis index,TLI)=0.901。结论本研究构建的普通病房护士安宁疗护基本能力评估量表信效度良好,可以用于评价普通病房护士安宁疗护基本能力。
