Where sustainable development is concerned, there is an urgent need to establish new information systems that integrate economic, social and ecological factors. The emergence of demand for this information makes the d...Where sustainable development is concerned, there is an urgent need to establish new information systems that integrate economic, social and ecological factors. The emergence of demand for this information makes the development of ecological accounting possible. Yet, most current research on ecological accounting focuses on two aspects: (1) the theoretical aspect, including background, concepts and models and (2) specific research on ecological accounting. Some scholars have proposed a conceptual framework, but this is not systematic or thorough enough. Seizing the opportunity of sustainable development in a key strategic location of the world, this paper begins by analyzing the logical evolution of ecological accounting, summarizes the existing ecological accounting theory, and combines the mature theoretical study of resources accounting with environmental accounting. All of these efforts result in this paper forwarding a framework of ecological accounting that aims to provide a guideline for future development.展开更多
通过文献回顾,梳理绿色铁路工程领域的研究现状和不足,指出绿色铁路工程发展的关键问题,并提出绿色铁路建造能力提升的研究框架。以中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science作为数据来源,采用文献计量分析方法,利用知识图谱软件CiteSpace进行发...通过文献回顾,梳理绿色铁路工程领域的研究现状和不足,指出绿色铁路工程发展的关键问题,并提出绿色铁路建造能力提升的研究框架。以中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science作为数据来源,采用文献计量分析方法,利用知识图谱软件CiteSpace进行发文量和关键词分析。研究发现:在绿色铁路工程方面,国内研究主题呈现阶段集中性,工程实践成果丰富,且基于相关法规政策形成部分评价指标体系;国外研究主题相对分散,环保措施可操作性强,但评价标准缺乏针对性。总体上国内外都有较好的认识基础,但系统性认识不足;有较好的实践基础和共性的政策基础,但尚未形成系统化的评价体系,且评价指标缺乏铁路工程特征。在绿色建造能力方面,国内外现有绿色建造技术不断成熟,但未形成系统体系,尤其在铁路领域最为明显;现有绿色建造能力研究更多针对制造业企业和建筑企业,对铁路工程企业的指导性弱,绿色铁路建造能力存在研究空白。提炼出绿色铁路工程发展的关键问题:绿色铁路工程评价标准研发与推广问题、绿色铁路建造技术统筹与创新问题、绿色铁路建造能力识别与建设问题,并论述其相互关系,探索性提出绿色铁路建造能力提升的研究框架。研究成果可为未来深化研究提供思路和指明方向,最终以达到推动绿色铁路工程可持续发展的目的。展开更多
Quality of software systems is highly demanded in today’s scenario. Highly testable system enhances the reliability also. More than 50% of test effort-time and cost are used to produce a highly testable system. Thus,...Quality of software systems is highly demanded in today’s scenario. Highly testable system enhances the reliability also. More than 50% of test effort-time and cost are used to produce a highly testable system. Thus, design-for-testability is needed to reduce the test effort. In order to enhance the quality, productivity and reduced cost of the software organizations are promoting to produce the reuse-oriented products. Incorporating reuse technology in both aspects-software development process and test process may payoff many folds. Keeping this view, our study focus the testability of the object-oriented framework based software systems and identify that flexibility at the variable points of the object-oriented framework, chosen for framework instantiation, greatly affects the testability of object-oriented framework based software at each level of testing. In the current paper, we propose a testability model considering the flexible aspect of the variable point to estimate testability in the early phase, requirement analysis phase, of development process of the framework based software. The proposed model helps to improve the testability of the software before the implementation starts thus reducing the overall development cost.展开更多
文摘Where sustainable development is concerned, there is an urgent need to establish new information systems that integrate economic, social and ecological factors. The emergence of demand for this information makes the development of ecological accounting possible. Yet, most current research on ecological accounting focuses on two aspects: (1) the theoretical aspect, including background, concepts and models and (2) specific research on ecological accounting. Some scholars have proposed a conceptual framework, but this is not systematic or thorough enough. Seizing the opportunity of sustainable development in a key strategic location of the world, this paper begins by analyzing the logical evolution of ecological accounting, summarizes the existing ecological accounting theory, and combines the mature theoretical study of resources accounting with environmental accounting. All of these efforts result in this paper forwarding a framework of ecological accounting that aims to provide a guideline for future development.
文摘通过文献回顾,梳理绿色铁路工程领域的研究现状和不足,指出绿色铁路工程发展的关键问题,并提出绿色铁路建造能力提升的研究框架。以中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science作为数据来源,采用文献计量分析方法,利用知识图谱软件CiteSpace进行发文量和关键词分析。研究发现:在绿色铁路工程方面,国内研究主题呈现阶段集中性,工程实践成果丰富,且基于相关法规政策形成部分评价指标体系;国外研究主题相对分散,环保措施可操作性强,但评价标准缺乏针对性。总体上国内外都有较好的认识基础,但系统性认识不足;有较好的实践基础和共性的政策基础,但尚未形成系统化的评价体系,且评价指标缺乏铁路工程特征。在绿色建造能力方面,国内外现有绿色建造技术不断成熟,但未形成系统体系,尤其在铁路领域最为明显;现有绿色建造能力研究更多针对制造业企业和建筑企业,对铁路工程企业的指导性弱,绿色铁路建造能力存在研究空白。提炼出绿色铁路工程发展的关键问题:绿色铁路工程评价标准研发与推广问题、绿色铁路建造技术统筹与创新问题、绿色铁路建造能力识别与建设问题,并论述其相互关系,探索性提出绿色铁路建造能力提升的研究框架。研究成果可为未来深化研究提供思路和指明方向,最终以达到推动绿色铁路工程可持续发展的目的。
文摘Quality of software systems is highly demanded in today’s scenario. Highly testable system enhances the reliability also. More than 50% of test effort-time and cost are used to produce a highly testable system. Thus, design-for-testability is needed to reduce the test effort. In order to enhance the quality, productivity and reduced cost of the software organizations are promoting to produce the reuse-oriented products. Incorporating reuse technology in both aspects-software development process and test process may payoff many folds. Keeping this view, our study focus the testability of the object-oriented framework based software systems and identify that flexibility at the variable points of the object-oriented framework, chosen for framework instantiation, greatly affects the testability of object-oriented framework based software at each level of testing. In the current paper, we propose a testability model considering the flexible aspect of the variable point to estimate testability in the early phase, requirement analysis phase, of development process of the framework based software. The proposed model helps to improve the testability of the software before the implementation starts thus reducing the overall development cost.
