Interpretation of the Standards of Basic Dataset of Chronic Diseases Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance in Adults

BACKGROUND China’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System(BRFSS)originated from the World Bankfunded HealthⅦLoan Project in the 1990s,which conducted behavioral risk factor surveillance in seven cities and one province^([1]).Drawing on the World Health Organization’s(WHO)STEPwise approach to surveillance(STEPs)and the U.S.Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System(BRFSS)^([2,3]).

Research funding and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine, 2019-2020

Purpose:The goal of this study is a comparative analysis of the relation between funding(a main driver for scientific research)and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine over 2019-2020 and the same relation in these research fields as a whole.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes a power law model to explore the relationship between research funding and citations of related papers.The study here analyzes 3,539 recorded documents by Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine and a broader dataset of 183,016 documents related to the fields of physics,medicine,and chemistry recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:Results reveal that in chemistry and medicine,funded researches published in papers of Nobel Laureates have higher citations than unfunded studies published in articles;vice versa high citations of Nobel Laureates in physics are for unfunded studies published in papers.Instead,when overall data of publications and citations in physics,chemistry and medicine are analyzed,all papers based on funded researches show higher citations than unfunded ones.Originality/value:Results clarify the driving role of research funding for science diffusion that are systematized in general properties:a)articles concerning funded researches receive more citations than(un)funded studies published in papers of physics,chemistry and medicine sciences,generating a high Matthew effect(a higher growth of citations with the increase in the number of papers);b)research funding increases the citations of articles in fields oriented to applied research(e.g.,chemistry and medicine)more than fields oriented towards basic research(e.g.,physics).Practical implications:The results here explain some characteristics of scientific development and diffusion,highlighting the critical role of research funding in fostering citations and the expansion of scientific knowledge.This finding can support decision-making of policymakers and R&D managers to improve the effectiveness in allocating financial resources in science policies to generate a higher positive scientific and societal impact.

Research on Accounting Issues of the Pension Insurance Fund for Urban Employees

Pension insurance is a vital component of China's social security system,ensuring the welfare of the general publie.This study centers on the revenue and expenses of City S's urban employee basic pension insurance fund.It introduces and analyzes the fund's accounting status from four key perspectives:fund raising.expenditure,financial statement system,and accounting information disclosure.The research identifes existing problems in City S's accounting system and conducts in-depth research on these issues.Furthermore,an empirical analysis is conducted on the management of the pension insurance fund.Through this empirical study,the paper aims to offer insights and recommendations for promoting stable and healthy development measures for City S'8 urban employee basic pension insurance fund.

An overview of Fintech applications to solve the puzzle of health care funding:state-of-the-art in medical crowdfunding

Crowdfunding is emerging as an alternative form of funding for medical purposes,with capital being raised directly from a broader and more diverse audience of investors.In this paper,we have systematically researched and reviewed the literature on medical crowdfunding to determine how crowdfunding connects with the health care industry.The health care industry has been struggling to develop sustainable research and business models for economic systems and investors alike,especially in pharmaceuticals.The research results have revealed a wealth of evidence concerning the way crowdfunding is applied in real life.Patients and caregivers utilize web platform–based campaigns all over the world to fund their medical expenses,generally on a spot basis,using donation-based or even reward-based schemes,regardless of the health care system archetype(public,private insurance-based or hybrid).Academics have also focused on funding campaigns and the predictors of success(which range from social behaviour and environment to the basic demographics of the campaigners and their diseases)and on social and regulatory concerns,including heightened social inequality and stigma.While equity crowdfunding is disrupting the way many ventures/businesses seek capital in the market,our research indicates that there are no relevant or consistent data on the practice of medical equity crowdfunding in health care,apart from a few anecdotal cases.

LIRR "R&D and Industrialization of High PerformanceFunctional Refractories for Metallurgy New Technology" Project Gained Fund Support

Checked by Henan Province Development and Relbrm Commission and Henan Province MunicipalFinance （）ffice, the “R ＆ I） and Industrialization of High Performance Functional Refractories for Metallurgy New Technology” project declared by 1,1RR gained a special fund support on self-renovation and products structure adjustment. The project will realize the technology integration and industriali-zation of key refractories including purging component, metering nozzle and toil and belt continuous casting nozzle, etc. through building high performance functional refractories production lines for metallurgy new technology.

Will the State-owned Capital Transfer Policy Enhance the Sustainability of the Urban Employee Basic Pension Insurance Fund in China?

To analyze the efect of the state-owned capital transfer policy on the sustainability of China's urban employee basic pension insurance fund(CUEBPIF),this study develops an actuarial model for pension insurance.The results reveal the following:(i)Without policy intervention,the CUEBPIF would face a deficit in 2027 and a cumulative shortfall of RMB207.44 trillion by 2050,and the proportion of fiscal subsidies for the CUEBPIF in the total fiscal expenditure would increase to 12.86 percent in 2050.(i)Based on a delayed retirement policy,the transfer of 10 percent of state-owned capital can delay the onset of the fund deficit by 6 years,and the accumulated shortfall in 2050 would fall to RMB39.42 trillion,and the proportion of fiscal subsidies would decrease by I1.77 percentage points.(ii)The state-owned capital transfer policy can improve the sustainability of the CUEBPIF and reduce the burden of enterprise social security contributions when the transfer ratio increases to 20 percent.

R&D经费投入趋势演变与启示——基于交叉结构视角的国际比较

以科技创新关键要素R&D经费为切入点,从宏观视角分析中国与主要创新型国家R&D经费总量的变化趋势,并从来源、执行以及配置的交叉结构视角展开深入分析,研究发现:中国R&D经费支出规模稳居世界第二位且长期保持良好的增长态势,但R&D经费投入强度偏低,与中国经济发展水平和当前工业化程度不相匹配。政府公共投资滞后致使其引导作用逐渐弱化,而政府资金重点支持的科研机构和高校科研布局更偏重创新链条后端,加之企业作为R&D经费最大的来源和执行部门,对基础研究参与程度严重不足,致使中国R&D经费配置结构呈现出“重试验发展、轻基础研究”的失衡状态。建议加速调整R&D经费配置结构,推动企业加大研发投资力度,持续引导企业加强基础研究活动,并着力提升高校对基础研究的投入。

Circadian fluctuations in three types of sensory modules in healthy subjects

This study was designed to observe and compare the circadian fluctuations in tactile sense, joint reposition sense and two-point discrimination in healthy subjects. Twenty-one healthy adult subjects received perceptual ability tests through these three different sensory modules at approximately 9：00, 13：00 and 18：00 in a day. The distribution of ranking for perceptual ability was significantly different among the three different time points in each individual, with highest perceptual ability in the evening compared with noon and morning, in terms of tactile sense and two-point discrimination. These findings suggest that the perceptual ability of healthy subjects fluctuates according to the time points in a day.

Balance of Import-Export Achieved in China's Foreign Trade

China’s foreign trade has seen sustained and high speed development this year. Its US$12.18 billion unfavourable balance in trade last year changed quickly with a gradual monthly and quarterly increase in exports and a slow-down in import. By the end of July, the balance of exports and imports has been basically achieved. According to statistics of customs office the total volume of exports and imports for the first seven months of 1994

Research on the Impact of Venture Risk Tolerance on R&D investments:Based on Entrepreneur Ability

How do start-ups enhance risk tolerance and core competition through product,technology,and service development?What is the relationship between the core competitiveness of start-ups and R&D investments?Based on the perspective of entrepreneurial ability,222 questionnaires were used to study the factors affecting the risk tolerance of start-ups and analyze the effect of risk tolerance on R&D investments.The research shows that the interactions of entrepreneur ability and start-up funds have a positive effect on the risk tolerance of start-ups,and the risk tolerance can positively promote R&D investment willingness and intensity for new products,technologies,and services.Also,R&D investment willingness plays a partial intermediary role between the risk tolerance of start-ups and the intensity of R&D investments.

PL-5 Research and Development of Neurological and Psychiatric Drugs Supported by National Science and Technology Major Project of“Major New Drugs R&D”

National Science and Technology Major Project of“Major New Drugs R&D”have made great achievements during nearly 10 years since it was launched in 2008.In major drug research and development,a batch of innovative drugs for treatment of major diseases which seriously endanger the health of our people,such as cancer,cardiovascular disease,inflammatory disease,bacterial and virus bacterial infection diseases,etc.,have been successfully developed.On the other hand,a number of common clinical drugs have been reformed technically and the qualities of them are improved signifi cantly,aiming at the requirements of clinical medication.The research and development of new drugs of neuropsychiatric diseases are one of the important fi eld supported by“Major New Drugs R&D”project.Up to now,more that 180 new drug projects of neuropsychiatric diseases in different research and development stages have been supported by the project,and some of them have made signifi cant progresses and show potential and good prospects for development.For example,Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides,an antidepressant,has been approved and available to the public.971,a new drug for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease,has completed phaseⅢclinical trials and obtained very good and encouraging results.Orcinoside,an antidepressant,is undergoing PhaseⅡclinical trials.The research of sustained-release microsphere of antipsychotic drug,risperidone,has made signifi cant progress.The period of the 13th Five-Year Plan is the fi nal fi ve years and fi nal stage for implementation of“Major New Drugs R&D”Project.With the economic and social development,the demands of protecting health and improving people’s livelihood are even greater and stronger.Thus,it is of great signifi cance to implement“Major New Drugs R&D”Project better and faster.During the 13th Five-Year Plan,the project fully implements the innovation-driven development strategy,and further focuses on its purpose,emphasizes the key points and accelerates implementation according to the principle of focus development.Further more,the project focuses on new drug research and development and the related key technology studies,and strengthens the construction of innovation capabilities.The main tasks have been arranged according to the“Three Importance”principle which means research and development of major new drugs,meeting important needs and solving important problems,so that to make the aims and tasks of the project more focused and clearer.Next,the development strategy study of the14th Five-Year Plan for“Major New Drugs R&D”project will be initiated.The research and development of neuropsychiatric drugs would still be a major field in the project.On one hand,“Major New Drugs R&D”project would further advance of technological innovation and research innovative drugs.Meanwhile,based on long-term development,the project would support and strengthen the related basic research of neuropsychiatric disease,translate and apply the results of basic research to provide rich knowledge for new drugs research and development.On the other hand,fully taking advantage of traditional Chinese medicine to discover and develop new neuropsychiatric drugs from traditional Chinese medicine is of great signifi cance with a broad application perspective.

浙江R&D经费投入分析

通过分析2000年以来浙江R&D经费投入情况,全面把握浙江R&D经费投入发展趋势,认为存在R&D经费投入和地方财政科技拨款投入增速放缓、经费来源和支出均以企业为主、过分重视技术研究与开发、人均R&D经费水平较低等问题,进而提出坚持优先保障R&D经费投入、健全科技创新体制、进一步优化资金结构、进一步提高人均R&D经费水平等政策建议。

教育、科技、人才一体推进背景下高等教育对基础研究资助的新需求

基础研究是整个科学体系的源头,是所有技术问题的总机关,目前正在由快速增长转为高质量发展。在这个关键转折点上,国家自然科学基金作为我国基础研究主要的资助渠道,如何在教育、科技、人才的统一战略布局下优化资助,成为了首要关注的问题。在此背景下,本文依据党的二十大报告中“实施科教兴国战略,强化现代化建设人才支撑”的战略部署,深入阐述了新形势下基础研究资助面临的挑战,分析了国内外基础研究的发展动态和需求。通过调研,发现了我国在人才、学科教育、科研组织模式等方面的不足,总结了高等教育对于基础研究资助在学科建设、产学研一体化、人才培养等方面的新需求,并以南京大学为例进行了阐述说明,以期为国家自然科学基金的全面深化改革提供具体的建议和决策参考。

新时代高校教育、科技、人才一体化布局与科学基金发展策略

在世界新一轮科技产业革命加速演进的背景下,教育、科技、人才“三位一体”统筹布局成为我国全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性和战略性支撑。高校是科技强国、人才强国、教育强国三大战略的交汇点,科学基金作为促进创新链—产业链—资金链—人才链—学科链深度融合的重要渠道和枢纽,在一体布局下面临新的要求和挑战。文章围绕如何“有力统筹教育、科技、人才工作”的关键问题,明确新时代高校在教育、科技、人才一体布局的定位、内涵和要求,挖掘教育优先、科技自强、人才引领的现实困境与发展前景,以期为科学基金发展提出有针对性的方案和建议。

企业职工基本养老保险个人账户改革方案比较研究

企业职工基本养老保险的参保职工去世时其个人账户有余额的,余额部分可继承;领空个人账户余额仍然存活的参保职工可以继续领取个人账户待遇直至身故,带来个人账户基金收支缺口。在计发月数偏小、个人账户投资收益率不高、记账利率虚高情况下,基金收支缺口进一步扩大。本文对四种个人账户改革方案进行模拟,比较不同改革方案的优缺点。研究发现:(1)在“仅取消可继承规定”的方案一下,或“不可继承+按平均退休余命调整计发月数”的方案二下,遗产差都远小于长寿差,个人账户无法实现基金收支平衡;(2)如取消可继承规定,能消除个人账户收支缺口的计发月数远高于可支付至平均退休余命的计发月数;(3)在“可继承+个人账户实际余额‘领空不领’”的方案三下,或“可继承+按极限年龄调整计发月数”的方案四下均可实现个人账户基金收支平衡;但方案三下长寿参保职工在领空个人账户余额后养老金替代率会大幅陡降,方案四则将待遇降低的冲击分摊在整个待遇领取期。个人账户改革方案需要在可继承规定、基金收支平衡和养老金替代率之间做权衡选择。上述研究发现对机关事业单位工作人员基本养老保险和城乡居民基本养老保险个人账户改革同样具有参考意义。

Challenges and opportunities in rare cancer research in China

Cancer is one of the major public health challenges in China.Rare cancers collectively account for a considerable proportion of all malignancies.The lack of awareness of rare cancers among healthcare professionals and the general public,the typically complex and delayed diagnosis,and limited access to clinical trials are key challenges.Recent years have witnessed an increase in funding for research related to rare cancers in China.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of rare cancers and summarize the status of research on rare cancers in China and overseas,including the trends of funding and publications.We also highlight the challenges and perspectives regarding rare cancers in China.

基本医疗保险基金模型构建:基于系统动力学

[目的]梳理影响宁夏城乡居民基本医疗保险基金结余的相关因素,廓清系统边界绘制居民医保基金因果关系图和系统流图,探讨医保基金平衡。[方法]收集相关政策和统计年鉴数据,基于系统动力学理论,运用Vensim PLE软件构建宁夏居民医保基金结余系统动力学模型。[结果]系统动力学模型通过量纲检验、敏感性检验和历史性检验。样本省的居民基本医保基金的当期余额呈现先负后正的变化趋势,在模拟的终止年(2035年),宁夏居民医保基金的结余将达到499599万元。[结论]系统动力学方法的选择具有合理性,建立的模型是科学合理的且能够进行基金结余仿真预测。

基本养老保险基金投资、股票收益率与股价波动性

以2017—2022年各季度基本养老保险基金投资数据为样本,考察基本养老保险基金投资对股票收益率与股价波动性的影响。结果显示:基本养老保险基金持股比例变化对股票未来收益率有一定预测效应,持股比例增加会加剧股价波动。异质性检验表明,被持股公司规模越大,持股比例变化对股票收益率的影响越不明显,对股价波动性影响的时滞性越强。对于短期持股而言,持股比例增加会加剧股价波动,而对于长期持股而言,持股比例增加有利于稳定股价。鉴于此,应继续推动基本养老保险基金全国统筹,进一步扩大其市场化投资规模、延长投资考核期限,提升基金可持续发展能力。

基础研究原始创新的政策探索:从非共识创新到原创探索计划

国家自然科学基金委员会(以下简称“自然科学基金委”)自成立以来,在推动我国基础研究发展、支持基础研究原始创新中发挥了重要作用。在广泛系统收集和分析档案、文献、访谈和统计数据等资料的基础上,本文回顾了自然科学基金委资助基础研究原始创新的政策探索历程,考察了相关资助政策设立的初衷及其历史背景,理清了政策演进脉络。研究发现:自然科学基金委资助基础研究原始创新起步较早(1987年),起始于建委之初,通过妥善处理申请人“申述”资助非共识创新研究;在政策供给方面,先后探索了非共识创新项目(1987年至今)、小额项目(2001—2018年)和原创探索计划项目(2019年至今)3种途径;政策走向经历了从缘起与初探(1987—1991年)、同行评议下的保护(1992—2017年)到专设资助计划下的激励(2018年至今)三个阶段的演进历程。回顾38年来,自然科学基金委资助基础研究原始创新的政策探索、发展及成效,有助于研究人员深入理解自然科学基金委相关资助政策,是新时期基础研究原始创新资助政策优化的重要参考。

城乡居民基本医疗保险基金运行状况研究——基于覆盖、筹资、待遇的视角

城乡居民基本医疗保险基金(以下简称居民医保基金)的运行状况取决于基金收支大小,受覆盖面、筹资标准、医保待遇等因素影响。这些因素如何影响居民医保基金的可持续运行?本文运用精算模型发现,若维持2020年的覆盖面、医保待遇等条件不变,居民医保基金将于2036年出现累计赤字,不能实现长期持续运行,且至2050年累计赤字额为99535.25亿元,会出现较大幅度的基金亏空。扩大覆盖面会影响基金收支,但不会改变基金发生当期赤字和累计赤字的节点。无论是2035年还是2050年实现全民医保,基金开始发生当期赤字和累计赤字的节点都分别是2026年和2036年。2050年实现全民医保相较于参保率不变,累计赤字额多出4123.68亿元。由此可见,扩大覆盖面不利于居民医保基金的可持续运行。当基准情境下出现累计赤字时,若只用个人缴费额弥补赤字,2050年个人缴费金额将增加至3249.87元,政府补助金额与个人缴费金额的比例为0.89;若以财政补贴弥补赤字,财政累计额外补贴将达到99535.25亿元;若降低门诊保障待遇以减少基金支出,即使门诊费用报销比例降为0,居民医保基金仍会在2049年出现累计赤字;若降低住院保障待遇以减少基金支出,当住院费用实际报销比例最低降至49.4%时,可以使医保基金2050年不出现累计赤字;若同时降低门诊和住院保障待遇,则门诊和住院费用报销比例最低分别降至41.1%和51.1%的组合可以使2050年不出现累计赤字,实现医保基金的长期平稳运行。