Background: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are well known and widely used assessment tool. They can be used to measure the different levels of educational outcomes: knowledge, understanding, judgment and problem sol...Background: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are well known and widely used assessment tool. They can be used to measure the different levels of educational outcomes: knowledge, understanding, judgment and problem solving. Traditional MCQs (stand-alone MCQs) often are used as a tool for facts recall. Advantages of using Scenario-based questions (SBQs) include more focus on learning objectives and ability to assess higher levels of learning. Shifting to scenario-based questions can increase the level of difficulty and measure higher levels of cognition. Purpose: This study explores the current knowledge and overall awareness of the undergraduate teaching staff about the use and difficulties of scenario-based single-best answer, multiple-choice questions (SB-SBA-MCQs) in assessments of the basic medical sciences. Method: We used an e-Likert scale questionnaire to explore this issue. The questionnaire covered the current knowledge, experience of staff in writing (SB-SBA-MCQs), courses or postgraduate degrees they attended and difficulties they face or anticipate in writing (SB-SBA-MCQs). Results: The majority (86%) are familiar with courses or workshops related to MCQs writing and assessment in general, a small minority have not attended any. The majority (86%) had some experience in writing MCQs. Only, a small percentage have not tried writing this type of MCQs. Nearly 60% think it takes time to construct, the majority (96%) of those researched are in support of shifting to scenario-based MCQs in basic medical sciences. Conclusion: The study has shown most of the teachers of basic medical sciences are aware of and with good knowledge in (SB-SBA-MCQs). It also highlighted the importance and need for regular training courses and workshops on the same.展开更多
Objective To put forward some suggestions for the development of urban basic medical insurance of Liaoning by comparing the development situations in 14 cities of Liaoning Province.Methods Relevant data of urban basic...Objective To put forward some suggestions for the development of urban basic medical insurance of Liaoning by comparing the development situations in 14 cities of Liaoning Province.Methods Relevant data of urban basic medical insurance from 2008 to 2018 in 14 cities were collected to make a comparative analysis,and the 5 why analysis chart was drawn to investigate the development differences in 14 cities.Results and Conclusion The average growth rate of the number of urban residents covered by urban basic medical insurance varied greatly from 2014 to 2018.The range of average growth rate of urban residents’medical insurance is 19.1%,and the range of average growth rate of urban workers’medical insurance is 9.1%.Funding standards are basically the same.It is suggested each municipal government should attach importance to this issue.They can make full use of information technology to coordinate with various authorities and ensure the smooth development of medical insurance.Besides,they must actively adapt to their conditions to better develop the urban basic medical insurance of Liaoning.展开更多
The 2016 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award honors three physician-scientists:William G.Kaelin,Jr.from Harvard Medical School,Peter J.Ratcliffe from University of Oxford and Gregg L.Semenza,from Johns Hopkins ...The 2016 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award honors three physician-scientists:William G.Kaelin,Jr.from Harvard Medical School,Peter J.Ratcliffe from University of Oxford and Gregg L.Semenza,from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,for their discovery展开更多
ETIOLOGICAL TERMSIn traditional Chinese medicine, etiology is commonly called "cause of disease". The various factors that may cause disease are called "pathogenic factors". In the past they were c...ETIOLOGICAL TERMSIn traditional Chinese medicine, etiology is commonly called "cause of disease". The various factors that may cause disease are called "pathogenic factors". In the past they were classified into three categories: "exogenous factors", "endogenous factors", and "non-exo-endogenous factors". In the modern textbooks this tri-causal hypothesis is not so widely used, while a new classification has been developed.展开更多
Blood in Western medicine and血〔xue〕inTCM refer to the same substance,but some writ-ers insisted the use of xue or hsueh for TCM be-cause the latter’s knowledge about blood is differ-
文摘Background: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are well known and widely used assessment tool. They can be used to measure the different levels of educational outcomes: knowledge, understanding, judgment and problem solving. Traditional MCQs (stand-alone MCQs) often are used as a tool for facts recall. Advantages of using Scenario-based questions (SBQs) include more focus on learning objectives and ability to assess higher levels of learning. Shifting to scenario-based questions can increase the level of difficulty and measure higher levels of cognition. Purpose: This study explores the current knowledge and overall awareness of the undergraduate teaching staff about the use and difficulties of scenario-based single-best answer, multiple-choice questions (SB-SBA-MCQs) in assessments of the basic medical sciences. Method: We used an e-Likert scale questionnaire to explore this issue. The questionnaire covered the current knowledge, experience of staff in writing (SB-SBA-MCQs), courses or postgraduate degrees they attended and difficulties they face or anticipate in writing (SB-SBA-MCQs). Results: The majority (86%) are familiar with courses or workshops related to MCQs writing and assessment in general, a small minority have not attended any. The majority (86%) had some experience in writing MCQs. Only, a small percentage have not tried writing this type of MCQs. Nearly 60% think it takes time to construct, the majority (96%) of those researched are in support of shifting to scenario-based MCQs in basic medical sciences. Conclusion: The study has shown most of the teachers of basic medical sciences are aware of and with good knowledge in (SB-SBA-MCQs). It also highlighted the importance and need for regular training courses and workshops on the same.
文摘Objective To put forward some suggestions for the development of urban basic medical insurance of Liaoning by comparing the development situations in 14 cities of Liaoning Province.Methods Relevant data of urban basic medical insurance from 2008 to 2018 in 14 cities were collected to make a comparative analysis,and the 5 why analysis chart was drawn to investigate the development differences in 14 cities.Results and Conclusion The average growth rate of the number of urban residents covered by urban basic medical insurance varied greatly from 2014 to 2018.The range of average growth rate of urban residents’medical insurance is 19.1%,and the range of average growth rate of urban workers’medical insurance is 9.1%.Funding standards are basically the same.It is suggested each municipal government should attach importance to this issue.They can make full use of information technology to coordinate with various authorities and ensure the smooth development of medical insurance.Besides,they must actively adapt to their conditions to better develop the urban basic medical insurance of Liaoning.
文摘The 2016 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award honors three physician-scientists:William G.Kaelin,Jr.from Harvard Medical School,Peter J.Ratcliffe from University of Oxford and Gregg L.Semenza,from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,for their discovery
文摘ETIOLOGICAL TERMSIn traditional Chinese medicine, etiology is commonly called "cause of disease". The various factors that may cause disease are called "pathogenic factors". In the past they were classified into three categories: "exogenous factors", "endogenous factors", and "non-exo-endogenous factors". In the modern textbooks this tri-causal hypothesis is not so widely used, while a new classification has been developed.
文摘Blood in Western medicine and血〔xue〕inTCM refer to the same substance,but some writ-ers insisted the use of xue or hsueh for TCM be-cause the latter’s knowledge about blood is differ-