Acetic acid additive in NaNO_(3)aqueous electrolyte for long-lifespan Mg-air batteries

Mg-air batteries have attracted tremendous attention as a potential next-generation power source for portable electronics and e-transportation due to their remarkable high theoretical volumetric energy density,environmental sustainability,and cost-effectiveness.However,the fast hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in NaCl-based aqueous electrolytes impairs the performance of Mg-air batteries and leads to poor specific capacity,low energy density,and low utilization.Thus,the conventionally used NaCl solute was proposed to be replaced by NaNO_(3)and acetic acid additive as a corrosion inhibitor,therefore an electrolyte engineering for long-life time Mg-air batteries is reported.The resulting Mg-air batteries based on this optimized electrolyte demonstrate an improved discharge voltage reaching~1.8 V for initial 5 h at a current density of 0.5 mA/cm^(2) and significantly prolonged cells'operational lifetime to over 360 h,in contrast to only~17 h observed in NaCl electrolyte.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry were employed to analyse the composition of surface film and scanning electron microscopy combined with transmission electron microscopy to clarify the morphology changes of the surface layer as a function of acetic acid addition.The thorough studies of chemical composition and morphology of corrosion products have allowed us to elucidate the working mechanism of Mg anode in this optimized electrolyte for Mg-air batteries.

Effect of Aminoaromatic Acids as Additives on the Activity and Selectivity of the Platinum-catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Alkenes

一系列芳香的酸与 triethoxysilane 为苯乙烯的催化铂的 hydrosilylation 作为添加剂被测试了。两赞成 &#x3b2 的苯乙烯和选择的优秀变换；使内收是用氨基的安息香的酸被完成添加剂。而且， 4-aminobenzoic 酸的使用在测试的氨基的安息香的酸之中在催化活动和选择导致了显著地优异的改进。确实，苯乙烯的 100% 变换和赞成 &#x3b2 的 98.4% 选择；使内收被获得。另外，有许多铂催化剂的各种各样的链烯的 hydrosilylations 也被测试了，并且在每种情况中底层的变换和 &#x3b2 的选择；使内收被是使用 4-aminobenzoic 酸支持添加剂。

Oils with different degree of saturation:effects on ileal digestibility of fat and corresponding additivity and bacterial community in growing pigs

Background Oils are important sources of energy in pig diets.The combination of oils with different degree of saturation contributes to improve the utilization efficiency of the mixed oils and may reduce the cost of oil supplemented.An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of oils with different degree of saturation on the fat digestibility and corresponding additivity and bacterial community in growing pigs.Methods Eighteen crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)barrows(initial body weight:29.3±2.8 kg)were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum.The experimental diets included a fat-free basal diet and 5 oil-added diets.The 5 oil-added diets were formulated by adding 6%oil with different ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids(U:S)to the basal diet.The 5 oils were palm oil(U:S=1.2),canola oil(U:S=12.0),and palm oil and canola oil were mixed in different proportions to prepare a combination of U:S of 2.5,3.5 and 4.5,respectively.Results The apparent and standardized ileal digestibility(AID and SID)of fat and fatty acids increased linearly(P<0.05)as the U:S of dietary oils increased except for SID of fat and C18:2.The AID and SID of fat and fatty acids differed among the dietary treatments(P<0.05)except for SID of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA)and C18:2.Fitted one-slope broken-line analyses for the SID of fat,saturated fatty acids(SFA)and UFA indicated that the breakpoint for U:S of oil was 4.14(R^(2)=0.89,P<0.01),2.91(R^(2)=0.98,P<0.01)and 3.84(R^(2)=0.85,P<0.01),respectively.The determined SID of fat,C18:1,C18:2 and UFA in the mixtures was not different from the calculated SID of fat,C18:1,C18:2 and UFA.However,the determined SID of C16:0,C18:0 and SFA in the mixtures were greater than the calculated SID values(P<0.05).The abundance of Romboutsia and Turicibacter in pigs fed diet containing palm oil was greater than that in rapeseed oil treatment group,and the two bacteria were negatively correlated with SID of C16:0,C18:0 and SFA(P<0.05).Conclusions The optimal U:S for improving the utilization efficiency of mixed oil was 4.14.The SID of fat and UFA for palm oil and canola oil were additive in growing pigs,whereas the SID of SFA in the mixture of two oils was greater than the sum of the values of pure oils.Differences in fat digestibility caused by oils differing in degree of saturation has a significant impact on bacterial community in the foregut.

Novel additives for the separation of organic acids by ion-pair chromatography

This paper proposes the use of novel surfactant additives for the separation of organic acids by ion-pair chromatography and studies the influences of surfactants on the chromatographic separation behaviors.Researches have been carried out on both silica gel matrix and polymer supporters in order to compare the two ordinary kinds of stationary phases,and the phenomenon is similar. Separation is based on differences in the stabilities of analyte-additive complexes in solution.Retention times of analytes can ...

Assessment of the Performances of Carboxylic Acid Monomers as Fluid Loss Additives for Oil-Well Cement

The application of polycarboxylic acid as a fluid loss additive for cement(i.e.,a substance specifically designed to lower the volume of filtrate that passes through the cement)can prolong the thickening time of cement slurries.Given the lack of data about the effects of carboxylic acid monomers as possible components for the additives traditionally used for oil-well cement,in this study different cases are experimentally investigated considering different types of these substances,concentrations,temperatures,and magnesium ion contamination.The results demonstrate that itaconic acid has a strong retarding side effect,while maleic and acrylic acids have similar influences on the thickening time of the cement slurry.The rheological properties of the cement slurry tend to deteriorate when the carboxylic acid monomer content in the fluid loss additive is increased to 40%.If the temperature exceeds 80°C,there is a significant decrease in the related impact on the thickening duration.With an increase in the intrusion of magnesium ions to>0.5%,both the rheological properties of the cement slurry and the thickening time are affected in a negative way.

Steam reforming of acetic acid over Ni-Ba/Al2O3 catalysts:Impacts of barium addition on coking behaviors and formation of reaction intermediates

The influence of barium addition to a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst on the reaction intermediates formed,the activity,resistance of the catalyst to coking,and properties of the coke formed after acetic acid steam reforming were investigated in this study.The results showed the drastic effects of barium addition on the physicochemical properties and performances of the catalyst.The solid-phase reaction between alumina and BaO formed BaAl2O4,which re-constructed the alumina structure,resulting in a decrease in the specific surface area and an increase in the resistance of metallic Ni to sintering.The addition of barium was also beneficial for enhancing the catalytic activity,resulting from the changed catalytic reaction network.The in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) study of the acetic acid steam reforming indicated that barium could effectively suppress the accumulation of the reaction intermediates of carbonyl,formate,and C=C functional groups on the catalyst surface,attributed to its relatively high ability to cause the gasification of these species.In addition,coking was considerably more significant over the Ba-Ni/Al2O3 catalyst.Moreover,the Ba-Ni/Al2O3 catalyst was more stable than the Ni/Al2O3catalyst,owing to the distinct forms of coke formed (carbon nanotube form over the Ba-Ni/Al2O3 catalyst,and the amorphous form over the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst).

Adsorption of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid/sulfuric acid from their solution by weakly basic resin:equilibrium

Experiments for single and bisolute competitive adsorption were carried out to investigate the adsorption behavior of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid(NSA) and sulfuric acid (H_2SO_4) from their solution at 25℃ onto weakly basic resin D301R. Adsorption affinity of sulfuric acid on D301R was found to be much higher than that of NSA. The data of single-solute adsorption were fitted to the Langmuir model and the Freundlich adsorption model. The ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST) coupled with the single-solute adsorption models were used to predict the bisolute competitive adsorption equilibria. The IAST coupled with the Langmuir and the Freundlich model for sulfuric acid and NSA, respectively, yields the favorable representation of the bisolute competitive adsorption behavior.

Improved perovskite solar cell efficiency by tuning the colloidal size and free ion concentration in precursor solution using formic acid additive

Improving the quality of the perovskite active layer is crucial to obtaining high performance perovskite solar cells(PSCs). In this work, by introducing formic acid into the formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI3)precursor solution, we managed to achieve reduced colloidal size in the solution, leading to more uniform deposition of FAPbI3 film with lower trap state density and higher carrier mobility. The solar cells based on the FAPbI3 absorber layer modified with formic acid show significantly better photovoltaic performance than that on the reference FAPbI3 film without formic acid. The device performance shows a close correlation with the colloidal size. Within the range studied from 6.7 to 1.0 nm, the smaller the colloidal size is, the higher the solar cell efficiency. More specifically, the cell efficiency is improved from17.82% for the control cell without formic acid to 19.81% when 0.764 M formic acid was used. Formic acid has also been added into a CH3NH3PbI3(MAPbI3) precursor solution, which exhibits a similar effect on the resulting MAPb I3 films and solar cells, with efficiency improved from 16.07% to 17.00%.

Effect of charge at an amino acid of basic fibroblast growth factor on its mitogenic activity

The amino acid at the 119th position of human basic fibroblast growth factor(hbFGF),lysine(K119),is a critical component for its mitogenic activity.However,little is known about the effects of the characteristics of this residue including charge on the mitogenic activity of hbFGF.Herein,this basic residue was replaced with neutral glutamine residue and acidic glutamic acid residue to construct mutants hbFGF^(K119Q) and hbFGF^(K119E),respectively.The mutants were produced by BL21(DE3)/pET3c expression system...

Study on the influence of humic acid of different molecular weight on basic ion exchange resin's adsorption capacity

在这篇论文，腐殖的酸(哈) 是进不同分子的重量节的 ultra-filtered 并且被多元素分析，紫外 254/TOC, 英尺红外和三维的荧光描绘度谱。因为不同分子的重量的腐殖的酸有不同吸水、分子的尺寸，基本离子交换树脂的最大的吸附能力在其分子的重量从 6000 ～ 10,000 Da 的腐殖的酸上出现。

Adsorption of β-Naphthalenesulfonic Acid/Sulfuric Acid from Their Solution by Weakly Basic Resin

Experiments for single and bisolute competitive adsorption were carried out to investigate the adsorption behavior of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid(NSA and sulfuric acid from their solution at 25℃ onto weakly basic resin D301R,Adsorption affinity of sulfuric acid on D301R was found to be much higher than that of NSA.The data of single-solute adsorption were fitted to the Langmuir model and the Freundlich adsorption model.The ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST) coupled with the single-solute adsorption models were used to predict the bisolute competitive adsorption equilibria.The IAST coupled with the Langmuir and the Freundlich model for sulfuric acid and NSA.Respectively,yields the favorable representation of the bisolute competitive adsorption behavior.

Sorption of Pyruvic Acid with Weakly Basic Polymer Sorbents

为商业地可得到的弱基本的聚合物吸着剂， D301G 和 D301R 的二种类型的焦葡萄酸酸的举起，在一个宽 pH 范围上并且在 MgSO4 的各种各样的咸度被测量了。焦葡萄酸酸的过载的吸附发生在弱基本的聚合物吸着剂，和过载的模型上的结果表演能预言举起的试验性的数据很好。为 D301G 的过载的价值为 D301R 比那大。为两聚合吸着剂的焦葡萄酸酸的吸附等温线被答案 pH 和 MgSO4 集中极大地从水的答案在水的阶段，和焦葡萄酸酸的高恢复效率影响能在 2 附近在答案 pH 被获得。

Removal of 5-Amino-2-chlorotoluene-4-sulfonic and Chlorhydric Acids from Wastewater by Weakly Basic Resin

This research deals with an investigation of the adsorption of two acids, namely, 5-amino- 2-chlorotoluene-4-sulfonic and chlorhydric acids from their solution onto weakly basic resin. The screening of res-ins, kinetics, and isotherm were studied. The results indicate that the D301R is more appropriate for the removal of acids from solution. The adsorption of acids obeys Langmuir isotherm and the first-order kinetics model. Sorptive affinity of the two acids on D301R was found to be in the order of 5-amino-2-chlorotoluene-4-sulfonic acid> chlorhydric acid. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of acids were calculated and discussed. The maxi-mum removal of acids was observed around 97% and 76% at 25℃ for 5-amino-2-chlorotoluene-4-sulfonic acid and chlorhydric acid , respectively.

Effect of Mixed Solvents and Additives on the Habit Modification of 6-APA Crystals

6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) crystals obtained under different physical and chemical conditions of the solutions may present different habits. The habits of diamond-shaped plates are desirable compared with other habits of 6-APA crystals. To obtain ideal 6-APA crystals, the effects of the mixed solvents and additives on 6-APA crystal habits were investigated. Ethanol or acetone was used as the organic solvent, and impurities existing in the 6-APA purification process were used as the additives. 6-APA growth habits were changed when the concentrations of ethanol, acetone or phenyl acetic acid were increased to exceed their critical concentration. The observed results show that the dominant face on 6-APA crystals was identified to be {020}, but the overall habit was controlled by the relative growth rates of the {101} and {002} faces. Crystal growth rates and habits can be appreciably changed by specific adsorption of additives on crystal faces.In some cases solvent molecules can act in a similar way and may be regarded as bulk additives. The effects of additives and organic solvents on 6-APA crystal habits were the results of adsorption effect, which fitted the experimental results quite well.

Morphologies of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles adjusted by organic additives in hydrothermal synthesis

Properties of hydroxyapatite (HA,Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2),including bioactivity,biocompatibility,solubility and adsorption could be tailored over wide ranges by the control of particle composition,particle size and morphology. In order to satisfy various applications,well-crystallized pure HA nanoparticles were synthesized at moderate temperatures by hydrothermal synthesis,and HA nanoparticles with different lengths were obtained by adding organic additives. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry were used to characterize these nanoparticles,and the morphologies of the HA particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results demonstrate that shorter rod-like HA particles can be prepared by adding cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB),as the additive of CTAB can block the HA crystal growth along with c-axis. And whisker HA particles are obtained by adding ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA),since EDTA may have effect on the dissolution-reprecipitation process of HA.

Removal of 5-Amino-2-chlorotoluene-4-sulfonic and Chlorhydric Acids From Wastewater by Weakly Basic Resin: Equilibrium and Kinetics

Objective To study the adsorption of 5-Amino-2-chlorotoluene-4-sulfonic (CLT) and chlorhydric (HCl) acids from wastewater by weakly basic resin. Methods The kinetics and isotherm were studied. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of acids were calculated and discussed. Results The adsorption of CLT and HCl acids followed Langmuir isotherm and the first-order kinetics model. Conclusion The adsorptive affinity of the two acids on D301R is in the order of CLT acid 〉 HCl acid. CLT and HCl acids can be separated.

Relative Basicity of Trioctylamine to Carboxylic Acid in Selected Organic Diluents

trioctylamine ( TOA )的相对盐基度，pK_(一，噻开黑)在 protic polar diluent ( 1-octanol )， non-protic polar diluent [甲基.异丁基酮( MIBK )]并且惰性diluent ( CCl_4 )为pK_的 11 单音羧基的酸，和依赖被决定(一，噻开黑)在溶质和diluent 的性质上，类型被讨论。结果显示出那pK_(一，噻开黑)与溶质由半中立化决定羧酸在为 fixedTOA 集中的 l-octanol】MIBK】CCl_4 的顺序，并且它与与提取的溶质(酸味和 hydrophobicity )的二个参数增加 carboxylicacid.Compared 的酸味和 hydrophobicity 增加，pK_(一，噻开黑)对 acid.A 的 hydrophobicity 更敏感代表在明显的抽取平衡(K_( 11 ))和系统性质之间的关系的数学方程(pK_(一，噻开黑)并且 pK_a )被建议：Ig K_(11 )=2pK_( 一，噻开黑)- pK_a.It 被证明抽取平衡 ofmono 羧基的酸能被上述方程与合理精确性预言。

Solid Additive-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Processing for 19%Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells

Morphology is of great significance to the performance of organic solar cells(OSCs),since appropriate morphology could not only promote the exciton dissociation,but also reduce the charge recombination.In this work,we have developed a solid additive-assisted layer-by-layer(SAA-LBL)processing to fabricate high-efficiency OSCs.By adding the solid additive of fatty acid(FA)into polymer donor PM6 solution,controllable pre-phase separation forms between PM6 and FA.This intermixed morphology facilitates the diffusion of acceptor Y6 into the donor PM6 during the LBL processing,due to the good miscibility and fast-solvation of the FA with chloroform solution dripping.Interestingly,this results in the desired morphology with refined phase-separated domain and vertical phase-separation structure to better balance the charge transport/collection and exciton dissociation.Consequently,the binary single junction OSCs based on PM6:Y6 blend reach champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 18.16%with SAA-LBL processing,which can be generally applicable to diverse systems,e.g.,the PM6:L8-BO-based devices and thick-film devices.The efficacy of SAA-LBL is confirmed in binary OSCs based on PM6:L8-BO,where record PCEs of 19.02%and 16.44%are realized for devices with 100 and 250 nm active layers,respectively.The work provides a simple but effective way to control the morphology for high-efficiency OSCs and demonstrates the SAA-LBL processing a promising methodology for boosting the industrial manufacturing of OSCs.