Objective: To describe the different pathological characteristics of congenital basilar invaginations and discuss the surgical treatment of such cases. Methods: A total of 139 patients diagnosed with basilar invaginat...Objective: To describe the different pathological characteristics of congenital basilar invaginations and discuss the surgical treatment of such cases. Methods: A total of 139 patients diagnosed with basilar invaginations underwent surgical treatment from 2008 to 2015. Based on Atul Goel's classification and simultaneous consideration of atlantoaxial dislocation or syringomyelia,the cases were subdivided into four groups. Individualized posterior surgical decompression and/or atlantoaxial reset procedures were performed to correct atlantoaxial dislocation,decompress the brain stem,or resolve syringomyelia. The indications and critical points of each procedure were documented. Results: All 139 patients were surgically treated; 27 patients(19.4%) had underwent at least one decompression surgery previously. On an average,there was gratifying clinical improvement based on the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score analysis.One patient exhibited severe post-operative infection,and the fusion instrument was removed. One patient experienced fracture of internal fixation. Two patients exhibited persistent respiratory symptoms at early stages after the surgery. Four patients felt worse at the latest follow-up. There was no surgical mortality. The poor outcome/morbidity in this series was 5.8%(8/139). Conclusion: The different pathological image characteristics of congenital basilar invaginations based on the presence or absence of syringomyelia and/or atlantoaxial dislocation,reflected the pathological features of complicated basilar invaginations more accurately. Based on these features,different posterior decompression and/or reset procedures,combined with occipitocervical fusion and C1-2 fusion,could be tailored to different patients. These individualized surgeries could reduce surgical complications,decrease morbidity and mortality,and further promote positive outcomes.展开更多
目的:探讨后路松解复位侧块关节植骨融合枕颈内固定术治疗颅底凹陷症合并难复性寰枢椎脱位的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月~2020年1月于我院行后路松解复位侧块关节植骨融合枕颈内固定术治疗颅底凹陷症合并难复性寰枢椎脱位患者...目的:探讨后路松解复位侧块关节植骨融合枕颈内固定术治疗颅底凹陷症合并难复性寰枢椎脱位的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月~2020年1月于我院行后路松解复位侧块关节植骨融合枕颈内固定术治疗颅底凹陷症合并难复性寰枢椎脱位患者的资料,其中男11例,女8例,年龄37.4±13.9岁(13~69岁),随访时间为54.7±29.4个月(25~131个月)。术前、术后1周、术后6个月、末次随访时分别通过视觉模拟(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分和日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分评估患者的疼痛和神经功能情况。术前、术后1周、术后6个月、末次随访时在颈椎正中矢状位CT上测量寰齿前间距(atlantodental interval,ADI)、齿突尖至Chamberlain线的距离(distance of the top of odontoid to Chamberlain′s line,DOCL),在颈椎MRI上测量延髓脊髓角(cervico-medullary angle,CMA)。通过CT评估植骨融合情况,记录术后并发症。结果:所有患者手术顺利,手术时间136.1±29.0min(95~210min),出血量为189.7±85.0mL(100~455mL)。术前、术后1周、术后6个月及末次随访时VAS评分分别为6.06±1.21分、2.35±0.76分、1.24±0.81分、1.12±0.90分,JOA评分分别为9.26±2.24分、14.05±2.01分、15.05±1.57、15.16±1.42分;与术前相比,患者术后1周、术后6个月和末次随访时的VAS评分和JOA评分均显著改善(P<0.05)。影像学方面,术前、术后1周、术后6个月及末次随访时ADI分别为9.63±1.93mm、1.21±1.10mm、1.16±1.09mm、1.26±1.02mm,DOCL分别为11.47±3.93mm、2.53±3.30mm、2.32±3.20mm、2.26±2.73mm,CMA分别为114.31°±11.00°、144.16°±9.33°、145.31°±8.83、143.42°±9.12°;与术前相比,患者术后1周、术后6个月和末次随访时的ADI、DOCL和CMA均显著性改善(F=41.05,P<0.001)。所有患者均实现骨性融合,融合时间为10.3±2.7个月(5~15个月)。术后发生并发症2例(脑脊液漏1例,切口深部组织感染1例),给予对症支持治疗后均治愈。结论:后路松解复位侧块关节植骨融合枕颈内固定术是治疗颅底凹陷症合并难复性寰枢椎脱位安全有效的手术方式。展开更多
目的:探讨后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术在1~5岁幼儿上颈椎疾患中的应用效果。方法:回顾性研究本团队2013年5月~2022年3月采用寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术治疗的上颈椎疾患幼儿13例,男10例,女3例;年龄15~68个月,平均43.85±17.56...目的:探讨后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术在1~5岁幼儿上颈椎疾患中的应用效果。方法:回顾性研究本团队2013年5月~2022年3月采用寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术治疗的上颈椎疾患幼儿13例,男10例,女3例;年龄15~68个月,平均43.85±17.56个月;体重9~22.5kg,平均16.32±3.23kg。患儿的主要临床表现为颈部疼痛伴活动受限,其中2例患儿伴有四肢乏力,1例患儿颈部偏斜为主要表现;术前美国脊髓损伤协会(American Spinal Injury Association,ASIA)分级C级2例,D级1例,E级10例。术前常规行张口位正侧位以及动力位X线片、CT骨三维重建、椎动脉CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)、MRI平扫或增强检查。常规行床边枕颌带或颅骨牵引,麻醉下颅骨牵引,13例患儿皆可获得完全或大部分复位,遂行后路寰枢椎复位椎弓根钉棒内固定术,所有椎弓根螺钉直径为3.5mm;除外4例新鲜单纯Ⅱ型齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位患儿,其他病例皆行自体髂骨植骨融合;对3例因颅颈交界畸形或寰枢椎发育异常无法行寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定术患儿采用枕颈固定融合方式治疗。结果:所有患儿手术过程顺利,未发生硬脊膜、脊髓、椎动脉或神经根损伤。共置入颈椎后路螺钉50枚,枕骨钢板3个;其中寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉41枚,枢椎椎板螺钉3枚,C3、C4侧块螺钉6枚。手术时长100~180min,平均136.92±30.38min;术中出血30~150ml,平均73.33±35.43ml,均未输血。住院时间5~31d,平均15.58±8.37d。所有患儿皆获得随访,随访时间3~109个月,平均47.46±36.26个月。术后寰枢间距减小,椎管最小矢状径增大,与术前相比差异均具有统计学意义(1.19±0.19cm vs 1.81±0.34cm,1.42±0.30cm vs 1.08±0.43cm,P<0.05)。术后3个月随访时,所有患儿均无颈部疼痛,除枕颈固定融合病例颈部活动受影响明显外,其余患儿仅轻微颈部旋转受限;JOA评分与术前比较差异无统计学意义(17.00±0.00 vs 16.23±0.48,P>0.05);术前1例脊髓功能ASIA C级,2例ASIA D级患儿末次随访时恢复至E级。所有行融合手术患儿骨性融合时间为2.5~6个月,平均4.15±1.60个月。4例行单纯寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定患儿,齿状突骨折愈合后返院拆除内固定,在后续随访中,寰枢椎无不稳并恢复正常功能。结论:直径3.5mm成人椎弓根螺钉能够安全有效应用于大部分上颈椎疾患幼儿,长期随访疗效满意。对于部分寰枢椎发育不良或颅颈交界畸形患儿,寰椎椎弓根螺钉联合枢椎椎板螺钉或枕颈固定融合是有效的补救方式。展开更多
基金funded by Construction Project of National Clinical Key Specialties of People’s Republic of China(Ministry of Health of People’s Republic of China 873(2011))the Capital Health Researchand Development of Special 2014-2-8011
文摘Objective: To describe the different pathological characteristics of congenital basilar invaginations and discuss the surgical treatment of such cases. Methods: A total of 139 patients diagnosed with basilar invaginations underwent surgical treatment from 2008 to 2015. Based on Atul Goel's classification and simultaneous consideration of atlantoaxial dislocation or syringomyelia,the cases were subdivided into four groups. Individualized posterior surgical decompression and/or atlantoaxial reset procedures were performed to correct atlantoaxial dislocation,decompress the brain stem,or resolve syringomyelia. The indications and critical points of each procedure were documented. Results: All 139 patients were surgically treated; 27 patients(19.4%) had underwent at least one decompression surgery previously. On an average,there was gratifying clinical improvement based on the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score analysis.One patient exhibited severe post-operative infection,and the fusion instrument was removed. One patient experienced fracture of internal fixation. Two patients exhibited persistent respiratory symptoms at early stages after the surgery. Four patients felt worse at the latest follow-up. There was no surgical mortality. The poor outcome/morbidity in this series was 5.8%(8/139). Conclusion: The different pathological image characteristics of congenital basilar invaginations based on the presence or absence of syringomyelia and/or atlantoaxial dislocation,reflected the pathological features of complicated basilar invaginations more accurately. Based on these features,different posterior decompression and/or reset procedures,combined with occipitocervical fusion and C1-2 fusion,could be tailored to different patients. These individualized surgeries could reduce surgical complications,decrease morbidity and mortality,and further promote positive outcomes.
文摘目的:探讨后路松解复位侧块关节植骨融合枕颈内固定术治疗颅底凹陷症合并难复性寰枢椎脱位的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月~2020年1月于我院行后路松解复位侧块关节植骨融合枕颈内固定术治疗颅底凹陷症合并难复性寰枢椎脱位患者的资料,其中男11例,女8例,年龄37.4±13.9岁(13~69岁),随访时间为54.7±29.4个月(25~131个月)。术前、术后1周、术后6个月、末次随访时分别通过视觉模拟(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分和日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分评估患者的疼痛和神经功能情况。术前、术后1周、术后6个月、末次随访时在颈椎正中矢状位CT上测量寰齿前间距(atlantodental interval,ADI)、齿突尖至Chamberlain线的距离(distance of the top of odontoid to Chamberlain′s line,DOCL),在颈椎MRI上测量延髓脊髓角(cervico-medullary angle,CMA)。通过CT评估植骨融合情况,记录术后并发症。结果:所有患者手术顺利,手术时间136.1±29.0min(95~210min),出血量为189.7±85.0mL(100~455mL)。术前、术后1周、术后6个月及末次随访时VAS评分分别为6.06±1.21分、2.35±0.76分、1.24±0.81分、1.12±0.90分,JOA评分分别为9.26±2.24分、14.05±2.01分、15.05±1.57、15.16±1.42分;与术前相比,患者术后1周、术后6个月和末次随访时的VAS评分和JOA评分均显著改善(P<0.05)。影像学方面,术前、术后1周、术后6个月及末次随访时ADI分别为9.63±1.93mm、1.21±1.10mm、1.16±1.09mm、1.26±1.02mm,DOCL分别为11.47±3.93mm、2.53±3.30mm、2.32±3.20mm、2.26±2.73mm,CMA分别为114.31°±11.00°、144.16°±9.33°、145.31°±8.83、143.42°±9.12°;与术前相比,患者术后1周、术后6个月和末次随访时的ADI、DOCL和CMA均显著性改善(F=41.05,P<0.001)。所有患者均实现骨性融合,融合时间为10.3±2.7个月(5~15个月)。术后发生并发症2例(脑脊液漏1例,切口深部组织感染1例),给予对症支持治疗后均治愈。结论:后路松解复位侧块关节植骨融合枕颈内固定术是治疗颅底凹陷症合并难复性寰枢椎脱位安全有效的手术方式。
文摘目的:探讨后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术在1~5岁幼儿上颈椎疾患中的应用效果。方法:回顾性研究本团队2013年5月~2022年3月采用寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术治疗的上颈椎疾患幼儿13例,男10例,女3例;年龄15~68个月,平均43.85±17.56个月;体重9~22.5kg,平均16.32±3.23kg。患儿的主要临床表现为颈部疼痛伴活动受限,其中2例患儿伴有四肢乏力,1例患儿颈部偏斜为主要表现;术前美国脊髓损伤协会(American Spinal Injury Association,ASIA)分级C级2例,D级1例,E级10例。术前常规行张口位正侧位以及动力位X线片、CT骨三维重建、椎动脉CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)、MRI平扫或增强检查。常规行床边枕颌带或颅骨牵引,麻醉下颅骨牵引,13例患儿皆可获得完全或大部分复位,遂行后路寰枢椎复位椎弓根钉棒内固定术,所有椎弓根螺钉直径为3.5mm;除外4例新鲜单纯Ⅱ型齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位患儿,其他病例皆行自体髂骨植骨融合;对3例因颅颈交界畸形或寰枢椎发育异常无法行寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定术患儿采用枕颈固定融合方式治疗。结果:所有患儿手术过程顺利,未发生硬脊膜、脊髓、椎动脉或神经根损伤。共置入颈椎后路螺钉50枚,枕骨钢板3个;其中寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉41枚,枢椎椎板螺钉3枚,C3、C4侧块螺钉6枚。手术时长100~180min,平均136.92±30.38min;术中出血30~150ml,平均73.33±35.43ml,均未输血。住院时间5~31d,平均15.58±8.37d。所有患儿皆获得随访,随访时间3~109个月,平均47.46±36.26个月。术后寰枢间距减小,椎管最小矢状径增大,与术前相比差异均具有统计学意义(1.19±0.19cm vs 1.81±0.34cm,1.42±0.30cm vs 1.08±0.43cm,P<0.05)。术后3个月随访时,所有患儿均无颈部疼痛,除枕颈固定融合病例颈部活动受影响明显外,其余患儿仅轻微颈部旋转受限;JOA评分与术前比较差异无统计学意义(17.00±0.00 vs 16.23±0.48,P>0.05);术前1例脊髓功能ASIA C级,2例ASIA D级患儿末次随访时恢复至E级。所有行融合手术患儿骨性融合时间为2.5~6个月,平均4.15±1.60个月。4例行单纯寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定患儿,齿状突骨折愈合后返院拆除内固定,在后续随访中,寰枢椎无不稳并恢复正常功能。结论:直径3.5mm成人椎弓根螺钉能够安全有效应用于大部分上颈椎疾患幼儿,长期随访疗效满意。对于部分寰枢椎发育不良或颅颈交界畸形患儿,寰椎椎弓根螺钉联合枢椎椎板螺钉或枕颈固定融合是有效的补救方式。
