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Adaptive mechanisms underlying the bat biosonar behavior
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作者 Philip H.-S.JEN 《Frontiers in Biology》 CSCD 2010年第2期128-155,共28页
For survival,bats of the suborder Microchiropetra emit intense ultrasonic pulses and analyze the weak returning echoes to extract the direction,distance,velocity,size,and shape of the prey.Although these bats and othe... For survival,bats of the suborder Microchiropetra emit intense ultrasonic pulses and analyze the weak returning echoes to extract the direction,distance,velocity,size,and shape of the prey.Although these bats and other mammals share the common layout of the auditory pathway and sound coding mechanism,they have highly developed auditory systems to process biologically relevant pulses at the expense of a reduced visual system.During this active biosonar behavior,they progressively shorten the pulse duration,decrease the amplitude and pulse-echo gap as they search,approach and finally intercept the prey.Presumably,these changes in multiple pulse parameters throughout the entire course of hunting enable them to extract maximal information about localized prey from the returning echoes.To hunt successfully,the auditory system of these bats must be less sensitive to intense emitted pulses but highly sensitive to weak returning echoes.They also need to recognize and differentiate the echoes of their emitted pulses from echoes of pulses emitted by other conspecifics.Past studies have shown the following mechanical and neural adaptive mechanisms underlying the successful bat biosonar behavior:(1)Forward orienting and highly mobile pinnae for effective scanning,signal reception,sound pressure transformation and mobile auditory sensitivity;(2)Avoiding and detecting moving targets more successfully than stationary ones;(3)Coordinated activity of highly developed laryngeal and middle ear muscles during pulse emission and reception;(4)Mechanical and neural attenuation of intense emitted pulses to prepare for better reception of weak returning echoes;(5)Increasing pulse repetition rate to improve multiple-parametric selectivity to echoes;(6)Dynamic variation of duration selectivity and recovery cycle of auditory neurons with hunting phase for better echo analysis;(7)Maximal multiple-parametric selectivity to expected echoes returning within a time window after pulse emission;(8)Pulse-echo delaysensitive neurons in higher auditory centers for echo ranging;(9)Corticofugal modulation to improve on-going multiple-parametric signal processing and reorganize signal representation,and(10)A large area of the superior colliculus,pontine nuclei and cerebellum that is sensitive to sound for sensori-motor integration.All these adaptive mechanisms facilitate the bat to effectively extract prey features for successful hunting. 展开更多
关键词 adaptive mechanisms bat biosonar BEHAVIOR
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利用残差网络分析普氏蹄蝠耳朵对恒频声源定向的影响 被引量:2
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作者 杨璐慧 杨蕊 +1 位作者 张留军 庄桥 《声学学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第2期406-414,共9页
为研究恒频蝙蝠耳朵与空间定位的关系,利用深度学习算法和仿蝙蝠静态双耳接收器,分析蝙蝠耳朵对恒频声源定向的影响。首先根据普氏蹄蝠耳朵模型设计不同双耳夹角和间距的仿生双耳接收器,并从多个空间方位采集声源发射的不同频率的恒频... 为研究恒频蝙蝠耳朵与空间定位的关系,利用深度学习算法和仿蝙蝠静态双耳接收器,分析蝙蝠耳朵对恒频声源定向的影响。首先根据普氏蹄蝠耳朵模型设计不同双耳夹角和间距的仿生双耳接收器,并从多个空间方位采集声源发射的不同频率的恒频声呐信号,然后提取双耳同步采集信号的时频图并归一化作为输入特征,最后利用残差网络实现声源定向。实验结果表明,静态双耳接收器对恒频声源的定向误差平均值基本保持在3.5°以下,但高于动态单耳接收器的定向误差;定向精度与声源频率及声源所在空间方位有关,声源位于接收器水平方向±30°范围内时,定向精度相对较高;双耳夹角和间距也会影响定向精度,且前者影响较为显著。 展开更多
关键词 蝙蝠声呐 耳朵 声源定向 残差网络
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普氏蹄蝠声呐脉冲序列与结构形变的模式匹配
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作者 刘彦茗 张舒心 杨璐慧 《声学技术》 CSCD 北大核心 2021年第2期269-274,共6页
普氏蹄蝠的声呐系统具有显著的动态特性,包括声呐结构的动态形变(鼻叶运动、耳廓运动)和超声脉冲序列的动态调整(脉冲数目、激发时刻等)。为了研究这两种动态特性之间是否存在耦合关系,通过生物实验同步采集普氏蹄蝠的鼻叶运动、耳廓运... 普氏蹄蝠的声呐系统具有显著的动态特性,包括声呐结构的动态形变(鼻叶运动、耳廓运动)和超声脉冲序列的动态调整(脉冲数目、激发时刻等)。为了研究这两种动态特性之间是否存在耦合关系,通过生物实验同步采集普氏蹄蝠的鼻叶运动、耳廓运动和声呐脉冲序列;针对出现频率较高的两种鼻叶/耳廓耦合运动模式,利用神经脉冲模式分类方法(Spike train SIMilarity Space,SSIMS),对其同步的声呐脉冲序列进行分类。分析结果表明,普氏蹄蝠声呐脉冲序列的变化与其声呐系统结构的动态形变相匹配,即不同鼻叶/耳廓耦合运动模式对应不同脉冲数目和脉冲激发时刻的声呐脉冲序列。 展开更多
关键词 普氏蹄蝠 鼻叶/耳廓运动 生物声呐脉冲序列 脉冲模式分类
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