Iterative Learning Model Predictive Control for a Class of Continuous/Batch Processes

一个反复的学习模型预兆的控制(ILMPC ) 技术被用于 continuous/batch 过程的一个班。如此的过程被产生周期的强壮的骚乱到连续过程的批过程的操作描绘，传统的规章的控制器是不能的消除这些周期的骚乱。ILMPC 集成处理重复信号和灵活性的反复的学习控制(ILC ) 的特征为预兆的控制(MPC ) 建模。由联机监视，批的操作地位处理，事件驱动为批的反复的学习算法重复骚乱被开始，软限制被调整象可行区域及时离开需要的操作地区。一个工业应用程序的结果证明建议 ILMPC 方法为 continuous/batch 进程的一个类是有效的。

An LMI Method to Robust Iterative Learning Fault-tolerant Guaranteed Cost Control for Batch Processes

Based on an equivalent two-dimensional Fornasini-Marchsini model for a batch process in industry, a closed-loop robust iterative learning fault-tolerant guaranteed cost control scheme is proposed for batch processes with actuator failures. This paper introduces relevant concepts of the fault-tolerant guaranteed cost control and formulates the robust iterative learning reliable guaranteed cost controller (ILRGCC). A significant advantage is that the proposed ILRGCC design method can be used for on-line optimization against batch-to-batch process uncertainties to realize robust tracking of set-point trajectory in time and batch-to-batch sequences. For the convenience of implementation, only measured output errors of current and previous cycles are used to design a synthetic controller for iterative learning control, consisting of dynamic output feedback plus feed-forward control. The proposed controller can not only guarantee the closed-loop convergency along time and cycle sequences but also satisfy the H∞performance level and a cost function with upper bounds for all admissible uncertainties and any actuator failures. Sufficient conditions for the controller solution are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), and design procedures, which formulate a convex optimization problem with LMI constraints, are presented. An example of injection molding is given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the ILRGCC design approach.

Just-in-time learning based integrated MPC-ILC control for batch processes

Considering the two-dimension(2 D) characteristic and the unknown optimal trajectory problem of the batch processes, an integrated model predictive control-iterative learning control(MPC-ILC) for batch processes is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the batch-axis information and time-axis information are combined into one quadratic performance index. It implies the integration of ILC and MPC algorithm idea, which leads to superior tracking performance and better robustness against disturbance and uncertainty. To address the problem of the unknown optimal trajectory, both time-varying prediction horizon and end product quality control are employed. Moreover, an integrated 2 D just-in-time learning(JITL) model is used to improve the predictive accuracy. Furthermore, rigorous description and proof are presented to prove the convergence and tracking performance of the proposed MPC-ILC strategy. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Modelling and Multi-Objective Optimal Control of Batch Processes Using Recurrent Neuro-fuzzy Networks

In this paper, the modelling and multi-objective optimal control of batch processes, using a recurrent neuro-fuzzy network, are presented. The recurrent neuro-fuzzy network, forms a ＂global＂ nonlinear long-range prediction model through the fuzzy conjunction of a number of ＂local＂ linear dynamic models. Network output is fed back to network input through one or more time delay units, which ensure that predictions from the recurrent neuro-fuzzy network are long-range. In building a recurrent neural network model, process knowledge is used initially to partition the processes non-linear characteristics into several local operating regions, and to aid in the initialisation of corresponding network weights. Process operational data is then used to train the network. Membership functions of the local regimes are identified, and local models are discovered via network training. Based on a recurrent neuro-fuzzy network model, a multi-objective optimal control policy can be obtained. The proposed technique is applied to a fed-batch reactor.

An Anticipatory Terminal Iterative Learning Control Approach with Applications to Constrained Batch Processes

This work presents an anticipatory terminal iterative learning control scheme for a class of batch processes, where only the final system output is measurable and the control input is constant in each operations. The proposed approach works well with input constraints provided that the desired control input with respect to the desired trajectory is within the saturation bound. The tracking error convergence is established with rigorous mathematical analysis. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Batch Process Modelling and Optimal Control Based on Neural Network Model

This paper presents several neural network based modelling, reliable optimal control, and iterative learning control methods for batch processes. In order to overcome the lack of robustness of a single neural network, bootstrap aggregated neural networks are used to build reliable data based empirical models. Apart from improving the model generalisation capability, a bootstrap aggregated neural network can also provide model prediction confidence bounds. A reliable optimal control method by incorporating model prediction confidence bounds into the optimisation objective function is presented. A neural network based iterative learning control strategy is presented to overcome the problem due to unknown disturbances and model-plant mismatches. The proposed methods are demonstrated on a simulated batch polymerisation process.

Optimal Iterative Learning Control for Batch Processes Based on Linear Time-varying Perturbation Model

为在批的产品质量的追踪的控制的最佳的反复的学习控制(ILC ) 策略处理的 batch-to-batch 被介绍。线性变化时间的不安(LTVP ) 模型在名字的轨道附近为产品质量被造。到模型植物失配的地址问题，在以前的成批处理的模型预言错误为当前的成批处理被加到模型预言。然后追踪错误转变模型能被造，并且有直接错误反馈的 ILC 法律明确地被获得。一条严密定理被建议，到证明在 ILC 下面追踪错误的集中。建议方法论在一个典型的批反应堆和轨道追踪的表演被 ILC 逐渐地改进的结果表演上被说明。

Robustness of reinforced gradient-type iterative learning control for batch processes with Gaussian noise

In this paper,a reinforced gradient-type iterative learning control pro file is proposed by making use of system matrices and a proper learning step to improve the tracking performance of batch processes disturbed by external Gaussian white noise.The robustness is analyzed and the range of the step is speci fied by means of statistical technique and matrix theory.Compared with the conventional one,the proposed algorithm is more ef ficient to resist external noise.Numerical simulations of an injection molding process illustrate that the proposed scheme is feasible and effective.

Run-to-run product quality control of batch processes

Batch processes have been increasingly used in the production of low volume and high value added products. Consequently, optimization control in batch processes is crucial in order to derive the maximum benefit. In this paper, a run-to-run product quality control based on iterative learning optimization control is developed. Moreover, a rigorous theorem is proposed and proven in this paper, which states that the tracking error under the optimal iterative learning control （ILC） law can converge to zero. In this paper, a typical nonlinear batch continuous stirred tank reactor （CSTR） is considered, and the results show that the performance of trajectory tracking is gradually improved by the ILC.

Predictive Sliding Mode Control to a Thermal Process for Batch Dyeing

The batch dyeing process is a typical nonlinear process with time-delay,where precise controlling of temperature plays a vital role on the dyeing quality.Because the accuracy and robustness of the commonly used proportion integration differentiation(PID) algorithm had been limited,a novel method was developed to precisely control the heating and cooling stages for batch dyeing process based on predictive sliding mode control(SMC) algorithm.Firstly,a special predictive sliding mode model was constructed according to the principle of generalized predictive control(GPC);secondly,an appropriate reference trajectory for SMC was designed based on the improved approaching law;finally,the predictive sliding mode model and the Diophantine equation were used to predict the output and then the optimized control law was derived using the generalized predictive law.This method combined GPC and the SMC with their respective advantages,so it could be applied to time-delay process,making the control system more robust.Simulation experiments show that this algorithm can well track the temperature variation for the batch dyeing process.

Design and control of a middle-vessel batch distillation for separating DMC–EMC–DEC mixture

In this paper, the mixture of dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate was separated by middle-vessel batch distillation with feeding in middle-vessel and process control characteristics were researched. The steady state simulation results in Aspen Plus were exported to Aspen Dynamics. Then control effect of liquid level control with HighSelector, composition control(structure1, structure2) and temperature control(proportional action, proportional integration action) were proposed. Composition control structure 2 and temperature control with PI action were investigated to achieve a good control effect.

Automatic Synthesis of Batch Process Operating Procedures

A three-step synthesis strategy for the automatic synthesis of operating procedures in batch processoperations is presented in this paper.The first step is pre-operation which consists of a set of checks that mustbe considered before starting the basic process operation.The second step is operation which is described by a setof basic control instructions.The third step is post-operation described by a set of instructions that must becarried out when the basic process operation is terminated.The three-step synthesis method has been imple-mented as part of a prototype recipe management system.

Learning control of fermentation process with an improved DHP algorithm

Control of the fed-batch ethanol fermentation processes to produce maximum product ethanol is one of the key issues in the bioreactor system.However,ethanol fermentation processes exhibit complex behavior and nonlinear dynamics with respect to the cell mass,substrate,feed-rate,etc.An improved dual heuristic programming algorithm based on the least squares temporal difference with gradient correction(LSTDC) algorithm(LSTDC-DHP) is proposed to solve the learning control problem of a fed-batch ethanol fermentation process.As a new algorithm of adaptive critic designs,LSTDC-DHP is used to realize online learning control of chemical dynamical plants,where LSTDC is commonly employed to approximate the value functions.Application of the LSTDC-DHP algorithm to ethanol fermentation process can realize efficient online learning control in continuous spaces.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of LSTDC-DHP,and show that LSTDC-DHP can obtain the near-optimal feed rate trajectory faster than other-based algorithms.

Monitoring Saccharification Process in Brewery Industry Using Quality Control Charts

The aim of this study was to establish a control system for saccharification process using quality control charts. To achieve this goal, temperature, pH and brix were measured at 12 minutes intervals for 15 consecutive batches which took 2 hours each. The time variations for three process parameters were assessed to establish a good understanding of the saccharification process. The temperature varied between 58℃ and 62℃ while the pH decreased slowly due to oxidation, values of which varied between 5.7 and 5.0. Brix values increased linearly with time. The initial and final values of the three parameters varied from one batch to another. Of the three parameters, brix was not well represented on the quality control charts due to wide difference between initial and final values during saccharification. The final brix values varied between batches, from 10.6% to 11.6%. The control charts used in this study were X-bar and Range charts. The rules for interpreting control charts were implemented for both X-bar and R charts, results of which showed that the process was out of control, although some rules were not violated due to little number of batches studied. The values of for temperature and pH data (2.27℃ and 0.35, respectively) were lower compared to brix data (11.2%). The corresponding values of span between control limits, SPx and SPR for temperature and pH were also comparatively lower than those established from brix data. Due to larger values of for brix measurements, the corresponding control charts for brix were insensitive in identifying out-of-control points during saccharification process.

疫苗类批签发检验流程中的风险点控制分析

目的:在疫苗类批签发实验室建立风险点控制,保证最终检验数据和结果准确、合规。方法:依据批签发检验流程中各个环节及涉及的因素,结合实验室一线的实践操作,通过监督检查的方式,发现风险点,从而提出风险点的控制措施。结果与结论:随着批签发机构的扩容和批签发品种目录的扩大,批签发检验中的风险也随之增加。本文总结了疫苗类批签发检验流程中的风险点控制,为同行提供参考,保证上市的疫苗质量,助力我国疫苗产品在国际社会发挥更大的作用。

面向飞机装配批架次完工时间的仿真预测方法

针对传统离散事件仿真方法缺乏对产品间差异化分析的局限性,提出一种面向飞机装配批架次作业过程的仿真预测方法。围绕飞机架次标签,研究对批架次装配作业过程中各类基本要素与交互关系的形式化定义,由此完成站位、整线仿真模型的构建;研究支持产品差异化分析的仿真推进框架与执行机制;以仿真结果数据为基础,提出基于区间估计法的架次完工时间预测方法。实验结果表明:该方法能准确地输出各架次预计完工时间的置信区间,为现场提供可靠的评估依据。

一种间歇测量下产品质量轨迹跟踪控制方法

在间歇过程中,传统工艺缺少产品质量的在线传感器,因此很难直接跟踪产品质量轨迹。基于过程变量与产品质量之间的偏最小二乘(PLS)模型,提出一种间歇测量下产品质量轨迹跟踪控制方法。在批内设定时间窗口,首先利用缺失数据算法估计未知的过程变量,再根据过程变量预测产品质量,并采用迭代学习控制和模型预测控制(MPC)相结合的方法设计控制器,达到跟踪当前批次产品质量设定点的目的。该方法采用移动窗口实现MPC的滚动优化,克服了批间和批内的干扰,从而使输出轨迹能精确跟踪期望轨迹。最后,在连续搅拌反应釜(CSTR)上进行仿真研究,仿真结果说明了该方法的有效性。

基于动态时间规整的制丝批次间差异评价方法

在卷烟制丝生产中,通常采用统计过程控制的方法评价生产过程质量,由于其基于稳态性的假设,忽略料头与料尾的数据,该研究使用生产全过程数据针对不同批次之间的质量差异如何评价的问题,提出一种基于动态时间规整(DTW)的批次间差异评价方法。首先,介绍烟草加工批次间差异的成因及其评价的意义;然后,对异常检测相关理论进行综述,分析统计模型、聚类、神经网络等方法在批次生产场景下的局限性,指出弹性相似度测量在变速时间序列比较中的优势;随后,详细介绍DTW算法原理,并将其推广到处理多变量时间序列数据的场景。在此基础上,设计一种利用DTW距离来评价不同加工批次与优质批次差异的框架。最后,以卷烟生产中的松散回潮工序为例,应用所提方法对100个批次进行差异性评估并进行可视化,验证该方法的有效性,进一步结合统计过程控制来说明可能的应用场景。该研究可为烟草制丝质量控制提供一种数据驱动的新思路,存在扩展至其他流程生产过程的可能性。

Optimal iterative learning control for end-point product qualities in semi-batch process based on neural network model

An optimal iterative learning control （ILC） strategy of improving endpoint products in semi-batch processes is presented by combining a neural network model. Control affine feed-forward neural network （CAFNN） is proposed to build a model of semi-batch process. The main advantage of CAFNN is to obtain analytically its gradient of endpoint products with respect to input. Therefore, an optimal ILC law with direct error feedback is obtained explicitly, and the convergence of tracking error can be analyzed theoretically. It has been proved that the tracking errors may converge to small values. The proposed modeling and control strategy is illustrated on a simulated isothermal semi-batch reactor, and the results show that the endpoint products can be improved gradually from batch to batch.

小批量多品种模式下SPC监控系统的设计与运用

文章以铁路交通行业某小批量多品种产品加工工厂为研究对象。在收集实际生产过程数据的基础上,分析统计过程控制(Statistical Process Control,SPC)监控系统的结构与功能,建立了适用于小批量多品种产品的SPC监控系统,并将其运用于实际生产过程。结果表明,在小批量多品种的生产模式下可以进行SPC实时监控分析,对生产过程中可能存在的异常提出预警,从而提升生产过程的稳定性。