This study covers the transportation of Cu（Ⅱ） ions by multi-dropped liquid membrane（MDLM） system and tri-noctylamine（TNOA） as carrier in kerosene. Batch experiments are held to obtain optimum conditions for the...This study covers the transportation of Cu（Ⅱ） ions by multi-dropped liquid membrane（MDLM） system and tri-noctylamine（TNOA） as carrier in kerosene. Batch experiments are held to obtain optimum conditions for the transportation of Cu（Ⅱ） ions such as volume of donor, organic, and acceptor phase 100 ml, pH of donor phase9.00, temperature 298.15 K, concentration of H2SO4 in acceptor phase 1.00 mol·L^-1, concentration of TNOA in organic phase 5.00 × 10^-3mol·L^-1and rate of peristaltic pump 50 ml·min^-1. Optimum circumstances of this extraction are as follows： pH of donor phase is 9.00, concentration of TNOA is 5.00 × 10^-3mol·L^-1,1.00 mol·L^-1H2SO4 as acceptor phase, and flux rate is 50 ml·min^-1. Cu（Ⅱ） ion transportation is consecutive first order irreversible reaction. Activation energy is found as 5.22 kcal·mol^-1（21.82 kJ·mol^-1, this process is called as diffusion controlled system. Selective transportation of Cu（Ⅱ） ions with alkaline, alkaline earth, and different heavy metal ions at optimum conditions of single Cu（Ⅱ） extraction was conducted. According to the selective transportation Cu（Ⅱ） ions with alkaline and alkaline earth metal ions, Na^＋, K^＋, and Ba^2＋ions are not detected in the acceptor phase, but 12.00% of Ca-（2＋）ions is transported from donor phase to acceptor phase. At the end of the simultaneous extraction of Zn（Ⅱ）, Fe（Ⅲ）, and Mo（Ⅵ） with Cu（Ⅱ） ions, 2.20% of Mo（Ⅵ）, 0.80% of Fe（Ⅲ） and 3.60% of Zn（Ⅱ） are detected in the acceptor phase.展开更多
The batch transportation process of several kinds of crude oil is accomplished by an entire coupled pipeline system,which exhibits complex thermo-hydraulic characteristics.Based on the coupled characteristics among so...The batch transportation process of several kinds of crude oil is accomplished by an entire coupled pipeline system,which exhibits complex thermo-hydraulic characteristics.Based on the coupled characteristics among soil,pipelines and devices(including pumps,heating furnaces and valves),a coupled simulation model of batch transportation for the crude oil pipeline system is established,and a novel coupled simulation algorithm is proposed.The simulation results are in good agreement with the field data of an actual crude oil pipeline system.In addition,based on the numerical simulation,thermo-hydraulic characteristics of pipeline system are investigated,and some new thermo-hydraulic characteristics are obtained.In the batch transportation process with constant flowrate,the change trends of temperature at the outlet of each pipeline segment are hysteretic and the change ranges of temperature become small along mileage.And the adjustment of devices influences thermohydraulic characteristics to some extent.In the batch transportation process with variable flowrate,the complex thermo-hydraulic characteristics are exhibited,which are induced by the comprehensive influence of the changes of oil type,flowrate and absorbed/released heat.Compared with the transportation process with constant flowrate,the high-viscosity oil exhibits similar minimum temperature and lower maximum pressure in the transportation process with variable flowrate,which means that the higher transportation safety of pipeline system is obtained.This study can provide a scientific reference for making the safer batch transportation scheme of crude oil pipeline system.展开更多
Contamination between batches in multi-products pipeline transport is studied. The influences of convection and diffusion on the contamination are studied in detail. Diffusion equations, which are mainly controlled by...Contamination between batches in multi-products pipeline transport is studied. The influences of convection and diffusion on the contamination are studied in detail. Diffusion equations, which are mainly controlled by convection, are developed under turbulent pipe flow. The diffusion equation is separated into a pure convection equation and a pure diffusion equation which are solved by characteristics method and finite difference method respectively to obtain numerical solutions. The results of numerical computation explain the forming and developing of contamination very well.展开更多
基金Supported by Pamukkale University as a Scientific Research Project(PAUBAP2012FBE077)
文摘This study covers the transportation of Cu（Ⅱ） ions by multi-dropped liquid membrane（MDLM） system and tri-noctylamine（TNOA） as carrier in kerosene. Batch experiments are held to obtain optimum conditions for the transportation of Cu（Ⅱ） ions such as volume of donor, organic, and acceptor phase 100 ml, pH of donor phase9.00, temperature 298.15 K, concentration of H2SO4 in acceptor phase 1.00 mol·L^-1, concentration of TNOA in organic phase 5.00 × 10^-3mol·L^-1and rate of peristaltic pump 50 ml·min^-1. Optimum circumstances of this extraction are as follows： pH of donor phase is 9.00, concentration of TNOA is 5.00 × 10^-3mol·L^-1,1.00 mol·L^-1H2SO4 as acceptor phase, and flux rate is 50 ml·min^-1. Cu（Ⅱ） ion transportation is consecutive first order irreversible reaction. Activation energy is found as 5.22 kcal·mol^-1（21.82 kJ·mol^-1, this process is called as diffusion controlled system. Selective transportation of Cu（Ⅱ） ions with alkaline, alkaline earth, and different heavy metal ions at optimum conditions of single Cu（Ⅱ） extraction was conducted. According to the selective transportation Cu（Ⅱ） ions with alkaline and alkaline earth metal ions, Na^＋, K^＋, and Ba^2＋ions are not detected in the acceptor phase, but 12.00% of Ca-（2＋）ions is transported from donor phase to acceptor phase. At the end of the simultaneous extraction of Zn（Ⅱ）, Fe（Ⅲ）, and Mo（Ⅵ） with Cu（Ⅱ） ions, 2.20% of Mo（Ⅵ）, 0.80% of Fe（Ⅲ） and 3.60% of Zn（Ⅱ） are detected in the acceptor phase.
基金supported by the fund of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission(No.22019821001)Award Cultivation Foundation from Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology(No.BIPTACF-002)。
文摘The batch transportation process of several kinds of crude oil is accomplished by an entire coupled pipeline system,which exhibits complex thermo-hydraulic characteristics.Based on the coupled characteristics among soil,pipelines and devices(including pumps,heating furnaces and valves),a coupled simulation model of batch transportation for the crude oil pipeline system is established,and a novel coupled simulation algorithm is proposed.The simulation results are in good agreement with the field data of an actual crude oil pipeline system.In addition,based on the numerical simulation,thermo-hydraulic characteristics of pipeline system are investigated,and some new thermo-hydraulic characteristics are obtained.In the batch transportation process with constant flowrate,the change trends of temperature at the outlet of each pipeline segment are hysteretic and the change ranges of temperature become small along mileage.And the adjustment of devices influences thermohydraulic characteristics to some extent.In the batch transportation process with variable flowrate,the complex thermo-hydraulic characteristics are exhibited,which are induced by the comprehensive influence of the changes of oil type,flowrate and absorbed/released heat.Compared with the transportation process with constant flowrate,the high-viscosity oil exhibits similar minimum temperature and lower maximum pressure in the transportation process with variable flowrate,which means that the higher transportation safety of pipeline system is obtained.This study can provide a scientific reference for making the safer batch transportation scheme of crude oil pipeline system.
文摘Contamination between batches in multi-products pipeline transport is studied. The influences of convection and diffusion on the contamination are studied in detail. Diffusion equations, which are mainly controlled by convection, are developed under turbulent pipe flow. The diffusion equation is separated into a pure convection equation and a pure diffusion equation which are solved by characteristics method and finite difference method respectively to obtain numerical solutions. The results of numerical computation explain the forming and developing of contamination very well.
