Examination of the Appropriateness of Teaching Materials for Preventing Dangers during Ablution and Bathing of Infants by Mothers and Family Members

Purpose: This study aimed to develop teaching materials to prevent the dangers of ablution and bathing infants, based on the dangerous experiences of mothers and family members, and examine their appropriateness. Methods: A total of 20 midwives and public health nurses were selected as participants. Teaching materials and anonymous self-administered questionnaires were distributed, and the participants were asked to view the teaching materials and fill in the questionnaires. Retrieval was done by mail. The teaching materials included digital content, such as videos, sounds, and characters, which incorporated dangerous situations, preventions, and innovations in ablution and bathing procedures. The analysis was conducted by simple tabulation for each survey item. The free description was coded to preserve anonymity. This study was conducted with the approval of the Research Ethics Review Board of the authors’ affiliated university. Results: The teaching materials were found to be appropriate in terms of suitability to purpose, degree of difficulty of content, ease of viewing the videos, validity of time, appropriateness of expression, and usability. Conclusions: Ablution teaching materials that are used at the present time do not focus on dangers, and to date, no resources on bathing have been used as teaching materials. The created teaching materials in this study can be viewed multiple times, and mothers and family members who are unfamiliar with ablution and bathing can acquire knowledge regarding dangers and danger prevention. The addition of specific preventive measures and countermeasures for the occurrence of danger, along with practice, would result in the development of further appropriate teaching materials to reduce danger and alleviate anxiety.

A Comparative Study on the Bathing Cultures and the Spread of Plague Between China and the West-Taking the Spread of the Black Death in China and Europe in the 14th Century as an Example

An unprecedented catastrophe shrouded over the Chinese Empire ruled by the Yuan Dynasty and Medieval Europe-the Black Death during the 14th century with rapid spread,widespread impact,serious damage to property,and substantial deaths and injuries.In the aftermath of the Black Death,lifestyle changes were made and more sensible bathing habits evolved.In feudal China,Bathing Culture had variously adapted to each dynasty;while its existence in the West was heavily influenced by religion and other factors.In the post-pandemic era,this paper is dedicated to exploring the possible relevance of Bathing Cultures to the Black Death,and to conducting a comparative study of the plague spread in Yuan and Europe and its impact on ethnic Bathing Cultures,reckoning to present informative information to regular prevention and control of the following pandemics.

Effects of Short-Term Forest Bathing on Human Health in a Broad-Leaved Evergreen Forest in Zhejiang Province,China

Objective To investigate the effects of short-term forest bathing on human health. Methods Twenty healthy male university students participated as subjects and were randomly divided into two groups of 10. One group was sent on a two-night trip to a broad-leaved evergreen forest, and the other was sent to a city area. Serum cytokine levels reflecting inflammatory and stress response, indicators reflecting oxidative stress, the distribution of leukocyte subsets, and plasma endothelin-1 （ET-1） concentrations were measured before and after the experiment to evaluate the positive health effects of forest environments. A profile of mood states （POMS） evaluation was used to assess changes in mood states. Results No significant differences in the baseline values of the indicators were observed between the two groups before the experiment. Subjects exposed to the forest environment showed reduced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory level, as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor a levels compared with the urban group. Serum cortisol levels were also lower than in the urban group. Notably, the concentration of plasma ET-1 was much lower in subjects exposed to the forest environment. The POMS evaluation showed that after exposure to the forest environment, subjects had lower scores in the negative subscales, and the score for vigor was increased. Conclusion Forest bathing is beneficial to human health, perhaps through preventive effects related to several pathological factors.

Additive Benefits of Twice Forest Bathing Trips in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Chronic heart failure （CHF）, a clinical syndrome resulting from the consequences of various cardiovascular diseases （CVDs）, is increasingly becoming a global cause of morbidity and mortality. We had earlier demonstrated that a 4-day forest bathing trip can provide an adjunctive therapeutic influence on patients with CHF. To further investigate the duration of the impact and the optimal frequency of forest bathing trips in patients with CHF, we recruited those subjects who had experienced the first forest bathing trip again after 4 weeks and randomly categorized them into two groups, namely, the urban control group （city） and the forest bathing group （forest）. After a second 4-day forest bathing trip, we observed a steady decline in the brain natriuretic peptide levels, a biomarker of heart failure, and an attenuated inflammatory response as well as oxidative stress. Thus, this exploratory study demonstrated the additive benefits of twice forest bathing trips in elderly patients with CHF, which could further pave the way for analyzing the effects of such interventions in CVDs.

Health Effect of Forest Bathing Trip on Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Forest bathing trip is a short, leisurely visit to forest. In this study we determined the health effects of forest bathing trip on elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group was sent to forest, and the other was sent to an urban area as control. Flow cytometry, ELISA, and profile of mood states （POMS） evaluation were performed. In the forest group,

Tsunami hazard and mitigation analysis for bathing beaches in China based on numerical simulations

Bathing beaches are usually the first to suffer disasters when tsunamis occur,owing to their proximity to the sea.Several large seismic fault zones are located off the coast of China.The impact of each tsunami scenario on Chinese bathing beaches is different.In this study,numerical models of the worst tsunami scenarios associated with seismic fault zones were considered to assess the tsunami hazard of bathing beaches in China.Numerical results show that tsunami waves from the Pacific Ocean could affect the East China Sea coast through gaps between the Ryukyu Islands.The Zhejiang and Shanghai coasts would be threatened by a tsunami from Ryukyu Trench,and the coasts of Hainan and Guangdong provinces would be threatened by a tsunami from the Manila Trench.The tsunami hazard associated with the Philippine Trench scenario needs particular attention.Owing to China’s offshore topography,the sequential order of tsunami arrival times to coastal provinces in several tsunami scenarios is almost the same.According to the tsunami hazard analysis results,Yalongwan Beach and eight other bathing beaches are at the highest hazard level.A high-resolution numerical calculation model was established to analyze the tsunami physical characteristics for the high-risk bathing beaches.To explore mitigating effects of a tsunami disaster,this study simulated tsunami propagation with the addition of seawalls.The experimental results show that the tsunami prevention seawalls constructed in an appropriate shallow water location have some effect on reducing tsunami hazard.Seawalls separated by a certain distance work even better.The analysis results can provide a scientific reference for subsequent preventive measures such as facility construction and evacuation.

A Change in Bathing Style May Improve Mental Fitness

Frequent bathtub bathing (BB) improves the mental health of middle-aged and older Japanese in-dividuals. This study investigated the chronic mental health effects of BB, maintaining warmth using an insulating sheet and sleeping bag after bathtub bathing (BBW), and bathtub bathing with herbal extracts (BBH) in healthy young adults. The study involved healthy young adults who habitually showered, as opposed to bathing. In the first experiment, 18 participants were randomly assigned to either the BB or BBW groups for 14 consecutive nights. After a 2-week washout period, the participants were asked to switch their bathing styles (a cross-over design). In the second experiment, 20 participants were randomly assigned to the BB or BBH group. The herbal extracts for the BBH group contained angelicae radix, aurantii nobilis pericarpium, chamomile, and zingiberis rhizoma. After a 2-week washout period, these participants also switched to the other bathing style. The participants’ mental conditions pre- and post-intervention were assessed using the Profile of Mood States-Brief Form questionnaire, Japanese version, and were statistically analyzed. The participants’ Anger-Hostility score converged to an average (50 points) in the post-BBW and post-BBH participants, and there were no significant differences in BB. The Confusion change rate was significantly different in the first experiment (BB versus BBW). The Depression-Dejection and Fatigue change rates were significantly different in the second experiment (BB versus BBH). Our findings suggest that changing bathing style from showering to BBW or BBH improves the POMS Anger-Hostility scores of healthy young adults.

Hemodynamic Response during Japanese-Style Bathing in Elderly Disabled Subjects

Aims: Bathing in deep, Japanese-style bathtubs is associated with high rates of sudden death in the elderly in Japan. The predominant causes of death in such cases are cardiovascular events and drowning. Blood pressure changes induced by water pressure and high temperature during bathing may be an important cause of these accidents. Therefore, we investigated the changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) before and after bathing in elderly Japanese individuals. Methods: Forty-eight elderly (average age, 86.4 ± 7.5 years) persons were enrolled in this study. Results: Changes in systolic blood pressure after bathing correlated negatively with baseline blood pressure before bathing, and participants with baseline systolic blood pressures of <125 mmHg experienced a greater elevation in blood pressure while bathing. Pulse rate was significantly increased after bathing, and the change in pulse rate correlated negatively with the baseline values. SpO2 did not differ significantly during bathing, but changes in SpO2 correlated negatively with baseline values. Lean participants showed a more marked elevation of SpO2, and those with hypertension showed reduced SpO2. Conclusion: These data suggest that the disabled elderly with low blood pressure experience trends in cardiovascular response during bathing which differ from those of young persons.

Traditional Japanese Style Bathing May Contribute to Good Health and Longevity

The objective of this study was to determine how traditional Japanese style bathing could promote good health. Using healthy volunteers, we assessed body temperature (core and cutaneous), red blood cells, white blood cells (WBCs), venous blood gas parameters (PO2, SO2, PCO2, TCO2, HCO3, and pH), weight loss (which may indicate sweat volume), and the time until sweating before and after bathing. We simultaneously conducted a double-blind clinical trial using a bath additive group and a control group to investigate the effect of a bath additive on the same parameters. We found that bathing increased the core and cutaneous body temperature, as well as PO2, SO2, and blood pH. All of the subjects also showed increases in heart rate and weight loss (sweat volume). After bathing, the number and ratio of granulocytes increased while the number and ratio of lymphocytes decreased. These results tended to be emphasized in the bath additive group;however, significant between-group differences were not detected. Our results indicated that bathing improved blood circulation and had a modulatory effect on the autonomic nervous system. This suggested that traditional Japanese style bathing might contribute to good health and longevity;however, additional larger-scale studies were needed to confirm or refute this conclusion.

A Survey of Dangers Experienced by Mothers and Families of Infants Aged 3 - 4 Months during Ablution and Bathing

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the dangers experienced by mothers and families of infants aged 3 - 4 months in Japan during ablution and bathing. Method: We distributed an anonymous, self-reported questionnaire at infants’ 3 - 4-month health checkup, which was collected via postal service. 170 valid responses were received and formed our sample data. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for each category surveyed. Inferential statistics were used to compare the dangerous incidents experienced with regard to differences between primi/multipara and the presence/absence of guidance concerning such incidents. This study was approved by the research ethics committees of the affiliated university. Results: 60.0% of mothers and families experienced dangers while washing their infant in a baby tub or similar apparatus (ablution), and 64.9% did while bathing their infant in the normal bath. For ablution, the most common dangers were, in order, nearly dropping the infant in the water and nearly getting soap suds in the mouth. For bathing, these were nearly getting soap suds in the mouth, near submersion of the face, and nearly dropping the infant in the water. The percentage of mothers and families who did not receive instruction regarding potential dangers and their prevention was 55.9% for ablution and 81.8% for bathing. Conclusion: This study revealed the dangers experienced by mothers and families of infants aged 3 - 4 months in Japan during ablution and bathing. Further consideration into the prevention of these dangers is necessary.

BATHING IN MANGPU HOT SPRING IN LHATSE

Lhastse County in Shigatse Prefecture is well-known by multiple names such as the "North Entrance of theQ omolangma,""Food Grains Storage,""Hometown of Tibetan Knives,""Hometown of Dorxic (a kind of Tibetan music)" and also "the Way to Pilgrim". "Lhastse", in Tibetan, refers to the "Summit of Manitou". Int he secular world, it is called "Laxog" meaning "the holy place where the sunlight first touches" Naturally, some scholars prefer to dub "Lhastse" as"a place suffering from drought".

Preliminary Study on the Effectiveness of Different Durations of Hot Towel Application to the Back during Bed Bathing

The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective duration of hot towel application during bed bathing, based on temporal changes in skin surface temperature, towel temperature, and subjective comfort. As a secondary objective, differences in skin surface temperature and subjective comfort for hot towel application on the back and dry towel wiping alone were evaluated. For the first objective, hot towels were applied on the lower back of 20 healthy adults, for different duration (10, 15, and 20 s), with a 10-s duration found to be the most effective. For the second objective, we compared bed bathing with hot towel application to dry wiping alone, n 21 healthy adult participants. A 10-s hot towel application increased the surface temperature of the skin (+0.5℃) and provided a perceived sensation of warmth and comfort. In contrast, dry wiping significantly decreased the surface skin temperature (-0.8℃). In conclusion, hot towel application increased skin surface temperature and improved subjective warmth and comfort during bed bathing.

雷公藤多苷联合益赛普治疗强直性脊柱炎的效果及对BASDAI评分与BMP-2表达的影响

目的 观察雷公藤多苷联合注射用重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体—抗体融合蛋白(益赛普)治疗强直性脊柱炎(AS)的效果及对Bath强直性脊柱炎疾病活动指数(BASDAI)评分与骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP-2)表达的影响。方法 回顾性选取2021年6月—2023年6月桂林医学院附属医院收治的强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者80例,依据治疗方案不同分为联合组和对照组,每组40例。对照组给予益赛普治疗,联合组在对照组基础上给予雷公藤多苷片治疗,2组均持续治疗3个月。比较2组临床疗效,治疗前后病情活动指标(晨僵时间、脊柱活动度、扩胸度)、症状及功能评分[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、BASDAI、Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数(BASFI)]、实验室指标[血清白介素(IL-17)、BMP-2],以及不良反应。结果 联合组治疗总有效率为92.50%,高于对照组的72.50%(χ^(2)=5.541,P=0.019)。治疗3个月后,2组患者晨僵时间短于治疗前,脊柱活动度、扩胸度大于治疗前,且联合组变化幅度大于对照组(P<0.01);2组患者VAS、BASDAI、BASFI评分均低于治疗前,且联合组低于对照组(P<0.01);2组患者血清IL-17、BMP-2水平均低于治疗前,且联合组低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。联合组不良反应总发生率为2.50%,低于对照组的20.00%(χ^(2)=4.507,P=0.034)。结论 雷公藤多苷联合益赛普治疗AS效果显著,可有效缩短晨僵时间,改善脊柱活动度,降低关节损伤及疼痛程度,减轻机体炎性反应,缓解病情,且安全性高。

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Bathing with Chinese Medicine Taohong Siwu Decoction(桃红四物汤) for Treatment of Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis:A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Objective：To examine the efficacy and safety of bathing therapy with Taohong Siwu Decoction（桃红四物汤,TSD） in the treatment of early-stage,mild-moderate diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis（dc SSc）.Methods：This randomized,placebo-controlled trial enrolled 148 men and women（18–60 years） with dc SSc（disease duration 12 months） and baseline modified Rodnan skin score（MRSS） 10.Patients were randomized into a TSD group（71 cases bathing with TSD plus oral prednisone） or control group（71 cases bathing with placebo plus oral prednisone）.Bathing（40 ℃,30 min） of the upper and lower limbs was carried out once daily for 12 consecutive weeks.The primary outcome measure was MRSS;secondary outcomes were Raynaud＇s phenomenon（RP） score,quality of life（QOL）,physician visual analogue scale（VAS）,patient VAS,percent predicted diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide（DLCO）,percent predicted forced vital capacity（FVC）,erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR）,C-reactive protein（CRP） level and overall treatment effect.Results：The final analysis included 135 patients（control group,68 cases;TSD group,67 cases）.Primary and secondary outcome measures after 2 weeks of treatment showed no improvement（versus baseline） in both groups,with no differences between groups.At 12 weeks,QOL,physician VAS,patient VAS,ESR and CRP were improved in both groups,but MRSS and RP score were improved only in the TSD group（all P〈0.05）.MRSS,RP score,QOL,physician VAS,patient VAS,ESR and CRP differed significantly between groups（all P〈0.05）.Meanwhile,the overall treatment effect was significantly higher in the TSD group than in the control group（P〈0.05）.Adverse events in the two groups were similar（P〉0.05）.Conclusions：Bathing with TSD plus oral prednisone achieves better outcomes than oral prednisone alone in patients with dcS Sc and is not associated with serious adverse events.

Genuine entanglement under squeezed generalized amplitude damping channels with memory

We study genuine entanglement among three qubits undergoing a noisy process that includes dissipation, squeezing,and decoherence. We obtain a general solution and analyze the asymptotic quantum states. We find that most of these asymptotic states can be genuinely entangled depending upon the parameters of the channel, memory parameter, and the parameters of the initial states. We study Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger(GHZ) states and W states, mixed with white noise,and determine the conditions for them to be genuinely entangled at infinity. We find that for these mixtures, it is possible to start with a bi-separable state(with a specific mixture of white noise) and end with genuine entangled states. However, the memory parameter μ must be very high. We find that in contrast to the two-qubit case, none of the three-qubit asymptotic states for n → ∞ are genuinely entangled.

Dynamics of a Quantum Dissipative System Coupled with an Oscillator

We study the dynamics of a quantum dissipative system. Besides its linear coupling with a harmonic bath modelling the dissipation, we suppose that it is coupled with an oscillator with an interaction of the form s 2 x 2 . In our study, we integrate over the bath and the oscillator, extract the corresponding influence functionals and then solve the system’s sign problem. We apply the theory to the case of a double well and study the time evolution of the expectation value of the position.

Geography matters to disability: regional disparity of bathing difficulty among older adults in China

Bathing is a major type of disability among older adults.While studies on bath-ing difficulties have recently started to go beyond the limitations of the human body to examine bathroom amenities;researchers have rarely considered the environment beyond the bathroom.This study explored the regional disparities in bathing disabil-ity among older adults in China.Using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 1998 to 2018,random-effects logistic regressions were per-formed to examine how bathing difficulties differed across regions among older adults in China.We found that older adults residing in the northern regions were significantly more likely to experience bathing disability compared to those from the South after controlling for confounding variables.Women and the oldest-old were also the most likely to experience bathing disabilities.Within the Northern regions itself,individuals from the Northeast stood out for having the highest likelihood of experiencing bathing disability.Interestingly,this regional disparity only existed for bathing disability and not the other Activities of Daily Living(ADL)items.It is concluded that the large regional disparity could be due to both climate differences and uneven economic development across the different regions in China.As bath-ing is a highly environment-dependent activity,this study highlights the potential for policy interventions to reduce the prevalence of bathing disability among older adults through improving the bathing environment.Additionally,we aim to put forth the notion that disability research should move towards analyses of specific disabil-ity items rather than an undifferentiated ADL index.

夏日清洁大作战 Dog Bathing

炎热的夏天已经到来,是时候拥抱干净清爽的爱犬了.喜欢玩水吗?那就一起来洗澡吧.*所有产品标示价格均为参考价,仅供参考。多久洗一次狗狗皮脂腺散发出的独特味道,通常都会让爱干净的铲屎官难以忍受,那么如何根据狗狗的体形,选择合适的洗澡频率呢?通常来讲,小型犬每隔7到10天一次,中大型犬则每隔两周一次最佳。或者根据被毛的长度,短毛犬7到10天一次,长毛犬10到15天一次。