为有效控制BAU(Business As Usual)情景下建筑发展产生的碳排放量,根据我国2030年的碳达峰目标,文章研究了寒冷地区实现居住建筑碳达峰目标可行的路径规划,以及对应“碳减源、碳替代、碳增汇”的实施关键技术。并以北京市某住宅楼为案...为有效控制BAU(Business As Usual)情景下建筑发展产生的碳排放量,根据我国2030年的碳达峰目标,文章研究了寒冷地区实现居住建筑碳达峰目标可行的路径规划,以及对应“碳减源、碳替代、碳增汇”的实施关键技术。并以北京市某住宅楼为案例建筑,模拟计算了该建筑改造后使用阶段(50 a)的能耗综合值与碳排放强度。结果表明:改造后可实现100 m^(2)户型的碳排放强度值不大于23 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a);60 m^(2)户型的碳排放强度值不大于27 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a),初步满足相关规范的能耗指标要求。展开更多
BAU 型田间光合测定系统是由北京农业大学农学系最近研制而成的一种新型田间光合测定系统。它具有多功能、智能化、便携式、可组合的特点。特别适用于野外,尤其是作物田间测定。它可同时测定出光合、蒸腾、气孔阻抗和水分利用效率四项...BAU 型田间光合测定系统是由北京农业大学农学系最近研制而成的一种新型田间光合测定系统。它具有多功能、智能化、便携式、可组合的特点。特别适用于野外,尤其是作物田间测定。它可同时测定出光合、蒸腾、气孔阻抗和水分利用效率四项生理指标及光合有效辐射、温度、相对湿度和 CO<sub>2</sub>浓度四项生态因子。在测定方式上可进行开始系统测定也可闭路系统的测定,能进行单叶测定也能进行群体测定。有不同类型的叶室,适用于各种植物的测定。并将测定结果立即打印出来,同时也贮存机内可与计算机通讯,进行较大规模的数据处理。该系统选用先进的单片机对四种高精度传感器（CO<sub>2</sub>、光合有效辐射、温度。展开更多
The efficacy of three seed treating chemicals viz. Provax 200 WP, Brine solution, Rovral 50 WP and one Biofungicide viz. BAU-Biofungicide were evaluated against Alternaria blight of mustard caused by Alternaria brassi...The efficacy of three seed treating chemicals viz. Provax 200 WP, Brine solution, Rovral 50 WP and one Biofungicide viz. BAU-Biofungicide were evaluated against Alternaria blight of mustard caused by Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola. Three varieties viz. var. BARI-6, Tori-7 and SAU-Shorisha-1 were used in this study. The field experiment was conducted in the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka and laboratory experiment was conducted in the seed health Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 during the period from November 2008 to July 2009. Among the seed treating chemicals, Rovral 50WP showed the best performance in reducing disease incidence and severity as well as increasing seed yield. Application of Rovral 50 WP gave the best result in increasing the number of pod per plant, pod length (cm), number of branch per plant, 100 siliqua weight (g) and 1000 seed weight (g). BAU-Biofungicide also showed promising performance in controlling Alternaria blight of mustard and reduced 36% and 53% disease incidence and disease severity respectively over untreated control. BAU-Biofungicide may be recommended as an alternative means of chemical fungicide such as Rovral 50 WP for controlling Alternaria blight of mustard.展开更多
In this manuscript, we present an explicit way to describe the violation of CP symmetry in the standard model (SM) of electrweak interactions. In such a way, complex Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrices are achiev...In this manuscript, we present an explicit way to describe the violation of CP symmetry in the standard model (SM) of electrweak interactions. In such a way, complex Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrices are achieved which stand for the violation of CP symmetry. At the beginning, two necessary but not sufficient conditions for yielding a complex CKM matrix are stated as criteria. Then we found an interesting condition between the real and imaginary parts of a Hermitian 3 × 3 matrix which may provide extra relations among its parameters and reduce the number of them from eighteen down to five. In previous investigations, this can be done only down to nine. With another assumption among some of those parameters, the mass-matrix pattern is further simplified so as to be diagonalized analytically and in consequence four matrices which reveal S<sub>N</sub> symmetries among or between quark generations are obtained. In some of such S<sub>N</sub>-symmetric cases, the derived CKM matrices are complex which indicate that CP symmetry is violated accordingly. Taking the Jarlskog invariant as an estimate of the CPV strength, the value predicted by this model is orders stronger than the empirical value detected experimentally. However, that happens to fill partly the gap between the cosmologically observed amount of Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) and that current Standard Model of particle physics predicts. It also proves the long suspected existence of BAU-productive eras in early universe if some fermions were indistinguishable, <em>i.e.</em>, S<sub>N</sub>-symmetric, under circumstances with extremely high temperatures.展开更多
One of the impacts of the Fukushima disaster was the shutdown of all nuclear power plants in Japan,reaching zero production in 2015.In response,the country started importing more fossil energy including coal,oil,and n...One of the impacts of the Fukushima disaster was the shutdown of all nuclear power plants in Japan,reaching zero production in 2015.In response,the country started importing more fossil energy including coal,oil,and natural gas to fill the energy gap.However,this led to a significant increase in carbon emissions,hindering the efforts to reduce its carbon footprint.In the current situation,Japan is actively working to balance its energy requirements with environmental considerations,including the utilization of hydrogen fuel.Therefore,this paper aims to explore the feasibility and implications of using hydrogen power plants as a means to reduce emissions,and this analysis will be conducted using the energy modeling of the MARKAL-TIMES Japan framework.The hydrogen scenario(HS)is assumed with the extensive integration of hydrogen into the power generation sector,supported by a hydrogen import scheme.Additionally,this scenario will be compared with the Business as Usual(BAU)scenario.The results showed that the generation capacities of the BAU and HS scenarios have significantly different primary energy supplies.The BAU scenario is highly dependent on fossil fuels,while the HS scenario integrates hydrogen contribution along with an increase in renewable energy,reaching a peak contribution of 2,160 PJ in 2050.In the HS scenario,the target of reducing CO_(2) emissions by 80%is achieved through significant hydrogen penetration.By 2050,the total CO_(2) emissions are estimated to be 939 million tons for the BAU scenario and 261 million tons for the Hydrogen scenario.In addition,the contribution of hydrogen to electricity generation is expected to be 153 TWh,smaller than PV and wind power.展开更多
文摘The efficacy of three seed treating chemicals viz. Provax 200 WP, Brine solution, Rovral 50 WP and one Biofungicide viz. BAU-Biofungicide were evaluated against Alternaria blight of mustard caused by Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola. Three varieties viz. var. BARI-6, Tori-7 and SAU-Shorisha-1 were used in this study. The field experiment was conducted in the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka and laboratory experiment was conducted in the seed health Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 during the period from November 2008 to July 2009. Among the seed treating chemicals, Rovral 50WP showed the best performance in reducing disease incidence and severity as well as increasing seed yield. Application of Rovral 50 WP gave the best result in increasing the number of pod per plant, pod length (cm), number of branch per plant, 100 siliqua weight (g) and 1000 seed weight (g). BAU-Biofungicide also showed promising performance in controlling Alternaria blight of mustard and reduced 36% and 53% disease incidence and disease severity respectively over untreated control. BAU-Biofungicide may be recommended as an alternative means of chemical fungicide such as Rovral 50 WP for controlling Alternaria blight of mustard.
文摘In this manuscript, we present an explicit way to describe the violation of CP symmetry in the standard model (SM) of electrweak interactions. In such a way, complex Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrices are achieved which stand for the violation of CP symmetry. At the beginning, two necessary but not sufficient conditions for yielding a complex CKM matrix are stated as criteria. Then we found an interesting condition between the real and imaginary parts of a Hermitian 3 × 3 matrix which may provide extra relations among its parameters and reduce the number of them from eighteen down to five. In previous investigations, this can be done only down to nine. With another assumption among some of those parameters, the mass-matrix pattern is further simplified so as to be diagonalized analytically and in consequence four matrices which reveal S<sub>N</sub> symmetries among or between quark generations are obtained. In some of such S<sub>N</sub>-symmetric cases, the derived CKM matrices are complex which indicate that CP symmetry is violated accordingly. Taking the Jarlskog invariant as an estimate of the CPV strength, the value predicted by this model is orders stronger than the empirical value detected experimentally. However, that happens to fill partly the gap between the cosmologically observed amount of Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) and that current Standard Model of particle physics predicts. It also proves the long suspected existence of BAU-productive eras in early universe if some fermions were indistinguishable, <em>i.e.</em>, S<sub>N</sub>-symmetric, under circumstances with extremely high temperatures.
文摘One of the impacts of the Fukushima disaster was the shutdown of all nuclear power plants in Japan,reaching zero production in 2015.In response,the country started importing more fossil energy including coal,oil,and natural gas to fill the energy gap.However,this led to a significant increase in carbon emissions,hindering the efforts to reduce its carbon footprint.In the current situation,Japan is actively working to balance its energy requirements with environmental considerations,including the utilization of hydrogen fuel.Therefore,this paper aims to explore the feasibility and implications of using hydrogen power plants as a means to reduce emissions,and this analysis will be conducted using the energy modeling of the MARKAL-TIMES Japan framework.The hydrogen scenario(HS)is assumed with the extensive integration of hydrogen into the power generation sector,supported by a hydrogen import scheme.Additionally,this scenario will be compared with the Business as Usual(BAU)scenario.The results showed that the generation capacities of the BAU and HS scenarios have significantly different primary energy supplies.The BAU scenario is highly dependent on fossil fuels,while the HS scenario integrates hydrogen contribution along with an increase in renewable energy,reaching a peak contribution of 2,160 PJ in 2050.In the HS scenario,the target of reducing CO_(2) emissions by 80%is achieved through significant hydrogen penetration.By 2050,the total CO_(2) emissions are estimated to be 939 million tons for the BAU scenario and 261 million tons for the Hydrogen scenario.In addition,the contribution of hydrogen to electricity generation is expected to be 153 TWh,smaller than PV and wind power.
