Acoustic radiation force on a rigid cylinder near rigid corner boundaries exerted by a Gaussian beam field

Acoustic manipulation is one of the well-known technologies of particle control and a top research in acoustic field.Calculation of acoustic radiation force on a particle nearby boundaries is one of the critical tasks,as it approximates realistic applications.Nevertheless,it is quite difficult to solve the problem by theoretical method when the boundary conditions are intricate.In this study,we present a finite element method numerical model for the acoustic radiation force exerting on a rigid cylindrical particle immersed in fluid near a rigid corner.The effects of the boundaries on acoustic radiation force of a rigid cylinder are analyzed with particular emphasis on the non-dimensional frequency and the distance from the center of cylinder to each boundary.The results reveal that these parameters play important roles in acoustic manipulation for particle-nearby complicated rigid boundaries.This study verifies the feasibility of numerical analysis on the issue of acoustic radiation force calculation close to complex boundaries,which may provide a new idea on analyzing the acoustic particle manipulation in confined space.

Phased Array Beam Fields of Nonlinear Rayleigh Surface Waves

This study concerns calculation of phased array beam fields of the nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves based on the integral solutions for a nonparaxial wave equation. Since the parabolic approximation model for describing the nonlinear Rayleigh waves has certain limitations in modeling the sound beam fields of phased arrays, a more general model equation and integral forms of quasilinear solutions are introduced. Some features of steered and focused beam fields radiated from a linear phased array of the second harmonic Rayleigh wave are presented.

The Influences of an Embedded Structure Fiber-Optic Radiation Dosimeter in Different SSD and Beam Field Size

With a rapidly increasing demand and widespread use of radiotherapy treatment, the subject area of in-vivo real time dose rate dosimeters has become a significant area of study. An embedded structure fiber-optic radiation dosimeter has proved to be a promising candidate to fulfil this role because of its high SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) and excellent light conversion efficiency. In this paper, the properties of this kind of dosimeter with respect to different SSD (Source to Surface Distance) and beam field size in a clinical Linac are studied. The characteristics of the dosimeter were evaluated by the sensor’s output intensity response in these conditions.

Consistency of the directionality of partially coherent beams in turbulence expressed in terms of the angular spread and the far-field average intensity

Under the quadratic approximation of the Rytov＇s phase structure function, this paper derives the general closed-form expressions for the mean-squared width and the angular spread of partially coherent beams in turbulence. It finds that under a certain condition different types of partially coherent beams may have the same directionality as a fully coherent Gaussian beam in free space and also in atmospheric turbulence if the angular spread is chosen as the characteristic parameter of beam directionality. On the other hand, it shows that generally, the directionality of partially coherent beams expressed in terms of the angular spread is not consistent with that in terms of the normalized far-field average intensity distribution in free space, but the consistency can be achieved due to turbulence.

Numerical simulation and experiment of error field measurement using luminous trace of electron beam in SST-1

In contrast to the earlier experiments conducted in other machines, here, in SST-1 the error field measurement experiment is performed with a filled gas pressure ~8×10^-4 mbar which helped to create a luminescent toroidal beam of electron path originated due to impact excitation and guided by the toroidal magnetic field. Beam path deviations are observed and recorded from radial and top ports using visible range cameras. Such creation and detection of the electron beam path differs from the earlier works where the gun emitted electron beam deviation in ultrahigh vacuum was detected on a collector-grid/fluorescent screen. In the present experiment, large beam deviations were observed. Later investigation of the experimental set-up reveals existence of a possible source of radial electric field in between the source and the vacuum vessel which are separately grounded. Thus, to understand the observed phenomena, experiments are numerically modeled with deviated TF coil set, PF coil set and the electron source location. A particle tracing code is used to follow the electron path in the magnetic field generated by the coil set of interest. Simulation results suggest that the large deviation corresponds to the E×B drifts and not due to the large field errors. Toroidally averaged field errors of the SST-1 TF coils at toroidal field of B0?=?15 kG are negligibly small ~B0?×?10^-6 or less, which should not adversely affect the plasma performance.

Coherence vortices of partially coherent beams in the far field

Based on the propagation law of cross-spectral density function, studied in this paper are the coherence vortices of partially coherent, quasi-monochromatic singular beams with Gaussian envelope and Schell-model correlator in the far field, where our main attention is paid to the evolution of far-field coherence vortices into intensity vortices of fully coherent beams. The results show that, although there are usually no zeros of intensity in partially coherent beams with Gaussian envelope and Schell-model correlator~ zeros of spectral degree of coherence exist. The coherence vortices of spectral degree of coherence depend on the relative coherence length, mode index and positions of pairs of points. If a point and mode index are kept fixed, the position of coherence vortices changes with the increase of the relative coherence length. For the low coherent case there is a circular phase dislocation. In the coherent limit coherence vortices become intensity vortices of fully coherent Laguerre-Gaussian beams.

Polarization singularities in near-field of Gaussian vortex beam diffracted by a circular aperture

Polarization singularities in the near-field of Gaussian vortex beams diffracted by a circular aperture are studied by a rigorous electromagnetic theory. It is shown that there exist C-points and L-lines, which depend on off-axis displacement parameters along the x and y directions, waist width, wavelength, and topological charge of the diffracted Gaussian vortex beam, as well as on propagation distance. The results are illustrated by numerical calculations.

Numerical analysis on flow field of weld pool during deep penetration electron beam welding of titanium alloy

Flow field of weld pool during deep penetration electron beam welding of TA 15 titanium alloy was numerically and experimentally studied using a hybrid heat source of Gaussian surface heat source and rotational paraboloidal body heat source. And the formation mechanism of the weld pool flow field was analyzed. The results showed that the movement of the liquid metal in the top weld pool was the fiercest and weakened gradually in the middle and bottom of the weld pool. The maximum flow velocity of the liquid metal was about 0. 295 m/s in the top surface of weld pool. The primary driving forces of the movement of liquid metal in the weld pool were the recoil pressure of metal vapor and the surface tension.

Experimental research on the longitudinal field generated by a tightly focused beam

The longitudinal optical field is a peculiar physical phenomenon that is always involved with the domain of near-field optics. Due to its extraordinary properties, it has recently attracted increasing attention in research and application. In this work, the longitudinal fields generated by the evanescent illumination of tightly focused, different polarized hollow beams are investigated. The focused light fields are numerically simulated according to vector diffraction theory, and their vector analysis is also carried out. The longitudinal fields on the focal plane are demonstrated experimentally using tip-enhanced scanning near-field microscopy. The simulation and experimental results show that the tightly focused radially polarized beam is suited to generating a stronger and purer longitudinal optical field at the focus.

Effect of Anode Magnetic Shield on Magnetic Field and Ion Beam in Cylindrical Hall Thruster

Numerical simulation of the effect of the anode magnetic shielding on the magnetic field and ion beam in a cylindrical Hall thruster is presented. The results show that after the anode is shielded by the magnetic shield, the magnetic field lines near the anode surface are obviously convex curved, the ratio of the magnetic mirror is enhanced, the width of the positive magnetic field gradient becomes larger than that without the anode magnetic shielding, the radial magnetic field component is enhanced, and the discharge plasma turbulence is reduced as a result of keeping the original saddle field profile and the important role the other two saddle field profiles play in restricting electrons. The results of the particle in cell （PIC） numerical simulation show that both the ion number and the energy of the ion beam increase after the anode is shielded by the magnetic shield. In other words, the specific impulse of the cylindrical Hall thruster is enhanced.

Vacuum electron beam brazing technology and finite element analysis on temperature field of capillary to plate joint

Some parts with capillary to plate joint have important application in aerocrafi. Vacuum electron beam brazing （VEBB） technology is used to realize this jointing with capillaries. Firstly 3D finite element analysis model is built in this paper according to this special structure. And then ANSYS finite element analysis software is used to analyze brazing temperature field at different brazing parameters. The calculation results show that the temperature field of simulation has good agreement with that measured by experiment, which proves dependence of the model built in this paper. And also reference parameters could be provided for real brazing process through calculation in this model. Brazed joint of capiUary to plate with good performance is achieved using VEBB technology. The achievement of the study will be applied in aerocrafi in the future.

Influence of a Static Magnetic Field on Beam Emittance in Laser Wakefield Acceleration

The enhancement of trapping and the optimization of beam quality are two key issues of Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA). The effect of a homogenous constant magnetic field B0, parallel to the direction of propagation of the pump pulse, is studied in the blowout regime via 2Dx3Dv Particle-In-Cell simulations. Electrons are injected into the wake using a counter-propagating low amplitude laser. Transverse currents are generated at the rim of the bubble, which results in the amplification of the B0 field at the rear of the bubble. Therefore the dynamics of the beam is modified, the main effect is the reduction of the transverse emittance when B0 is raised. Depending on beam loading effects the low energy tail, observed in the non-magnetized case, can be suppressed when B0 is applied, which provides a mono-energetic beam.

Numerical Study on the Two-Dimensional Temperature Fields of Titanium/Aluminum Double-Layer Target Irradiated by High-Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam

Interaction between high-intensity pulsed ion beam （HIPIB） and a double-layer target with titanium film on top of aluminum substrate was simulated. The two-dimensional nonlinear thermal conduction equations, with the deposited energy in the target taken as source term, were derived and solved by finite differential method. As a result, the two-dimensional spatial and temporal evolution profiles of temperature were obtained for a titanium/aluminum double-layer target irradiated by a pulse of HIPIB. The effects of ion beam current density on the phase state of the target materials near the film and substrate interface were analyzed. Both titanium and aluminum were melted near the interface after a shot when the ion beam current density fell in the range of 100 A/cm2 to 200 A/cm2.

Determining the characteristics of the initial fixed-focus of laser beam riding guidance information field

Determining characteristics of the initial fixed-focus are a key technique for the design of laser beam riding guidance missile. Through analyzing the effects of the initial cone information field in guidance and control system of missile, those effects are considered as an approximate lead com- pensation network. The position and time of guidance spot initial fixed-focus can be designed. This method is applied to determine the characteristics of the initial fixed-focus of laser information field for a laser beam guidance gun-launched missile. The results of design and simulation show that the initial cone information field apparently speeds up convergence on the initial trajectory, and provides a guarantee for the implementation of minimum range index of a missile system.

Evaluation of Single Field Uniform Dose (SFUD) Proton Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS) Planning Strategy for Lung Mobile Tumor Using a Digital Phantom

Purpose: To quantitatively evaluate four different Proton SFUD PBS initial planning strategies for lung mobile tumor. Methods and Materials: A virtual lung patient’s four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) was generated in this study. To avoid the uncertainties from target delineation and imaging artifacts, a sphere with diameter of 3 cm representing a rigid mobile target (GTV) was inserted into the right side of the lung. The target motion is set in superior-inferior (SI) direction from ?5 mm to 5 mm. Four SFUD planning strategies were used based on: 1) Maximum-In-tensity-Projection Image (MIP-CT);2) CT_average with ITV overridden to muscle density (CTavg_muscle);3) CT_average with ITV overridden to tumor density (CTavg_tumor);4) CT_average without any override density (CTavg_only). Dose distributions were recalculated on each individual phase and accumulated together to assess the “actual” treatment. To estimate the impact of proton range uncertainties, +/?3.5% CT calibration curve was applied to the 4DCT phase images. Results: Comparing initial plan to the dose accumulation: MIP-CT based GTV D98 degraded 2.42 Gy (60.10 Gy vs 57.68 Gy). Heart D1 increased 6.19 Gy (1.88 Gy vs 8.07 Gy);CTavg_tumor based GTV D98 degraded 0.34 Gy (60.07 Gy vs 59.73 Gy). Heart D1 increased 2.24 Gy (3.74 Gy vs 5.98 Gy);CTavg_muscle based initial GTV D98 degraded 0.31 Gy (60.4 Gy vs 60.19 Gy). Heart D1 increased 3.44 Gy (4.38 Gy vs 7.82 Gy);CTavg_only based Initial GTV D98 degraded 6.63 Gy (60.11 Gy vs 53.48 Gy). Heart D1 increased 0.30 Gy (2.69 Gy vs 2.96 Gy);in the presence of ±3.5% range uncertainties, CTavg_tumor based plan’s accumulated GTV D98 degraded to 57.99 Gy (+3.5%) 59.38 Gy (?3.5%), and CTavg_muscle based plan’s accumulated GTV D98 degraded to 59.37 Gy (+3.5%) 59.37 Gy (?3.5%). Conclusion: This study shows that CTavg_Tumor and CTavg_Muscle based planning strategies provide the most robust GTV coverage. However, clinicians need to be aware that the actual dose to OARs at distal end of target may increase. The study also indicates that the current SFUD PBS planning strategy might not be sufficient to compensate the CT calibration uncertainty.

Research on Irradiation Electric Field for Charged Particles Beam with High Energy

Irradiation protection of the nonlinear optical devices used in the spacecraft and next generation active laser system must be solved. The first problem was to find the irradiation damage mechanism of the nonlinear materials. In this paper the irradiation electronic field originating from high speed charged particle beams was discussed. The calculating model of the electronic field, based on the relativistic mechanics and electro-magnetic theory, was founded. The common characters of the irradiation electronic field were predicted and the fields of α ray and β ray were calculated by means of our model. The simulating results showed that the intensity of the electric field increased with the energy or the intensity of the beam. The results also showed that the field change trend of α ray and β ray was similar, but the field value was quite different. When the beam intensity I = 100 μA and the beam energy εm = 500 Mev, the electronic field values were about 3.5 × 107 v/m for α ray and 2.4 × 1011 v/m for β ray.

Finite element analysis on temperature field and residual stress of welding assembly for I-beam and end-plate

Based on full scale model of 1-beam and end-plate welding assembly with medium plate, welding temperature field and residual stress were simulated, infrared thermometers were employed to measure the real-time temperature Jbr verification purposes. Results show that the measured thermal cycle curves match well with the simulation result. Simulation results of welding residual stress indicate that the values of longitudinal and transverse stress on the upper surface of the plate are higher than the normal stress; higher tensile stresses exist at the end of the web weld toes and in the central area of the flange weld toes. The dangerous zones are located at the central areas of weld toes of the flange welds and near weld toes of the web welds.

Finite Element Modeling of Stability of Beam-Column Supports for Field Fabricated Spherical Storage Pressure Vessels

Spherical pressure vessels in large sizes are generally supported on legs or columns evenly spaced around the circumference. The legs are attached at or near the equator of the sphere. This research work focussed on flexural-torsional buckling of beam-column supports of field fabricated spherical pressure vessels using finite element analysis. Flexuraltorsional buckling is an important limit state that must be considered in structural steel design and it occurs when a structural member experiences significant out-of-plane bending and twisting. This research has therefore considered the total potential energy equation for the flexural-torsional buckling of a beam-column element. The energy equation was formulated by summing the strain energy and the potential energy of the external loads. The finite element method was applied in conjunction with the energy method to analyze the flexural-torsional buckling of beam-column supports. To apply the finite element method, the displacement functions are assumed to be cubic polynomials, and the shape functions used to derive the element stiffness and element geometric stiffness matrices. The element stiffness and geometric stiffness matrices were assembled to obtain the global stiffness matrices of the structure. The final finite element equation obtained was in the form of an eigenvalue problem. The flexural-torsional buckling loads of the structure were determined by solving for the eigenvalue of the equation. The resulting eigenvalue equation from the finite element analysis was coded using FORTRAN 90 programming language to aid in the analysis process. To validate FORTRAN 90 coding developed for the finite element analysis and the methodology, the results given by the software were compared to existing solutions and showed no significant difference P > 0.05.

基于FieldⅡ的多波束海底检测性能仿真

基于Field Ⅱ声场仿真工具建立了仿真模型,模拟了平坦以及海底有凸起目标时的海底地形,分别采用常规波束形成器和超波束形成器对模拟的海底回波数据进行处理,结果表明超波束形成器分辨目标的性能更优;应用Monte Carlo方法进行仿真实验,结果表明基于超波束形成器的WMT算法深度估计均值更接近真值、标准差更低,可以有效提升多波束海底检测性能。

Control of Beam Halo-Chaos by Soliton

The Kapchinsky-Vladimirsky beam through an alternating-gradient quadrupole magnetic field is studied using the particle-core model. The beam halo-chaos is found, and the soliton controller is proposed based on the mechanism of halo formation and strategy of controlling halo-chaos. We perform a multiparticle simulation to control the halo by soliton controller, and find that the halo-chaos and its regeneration can be eliminated. It is shown that our control method is effective.