Configurable topological beam splitting via antichiral gyromagnetic photonic crystal

Antichiral gyromagnetic photonic crystal(GPC)in a honeycomb lattice with the two interpenetrating triangular sublattices A and B magnetically biased in opposite directions can realize antichiral one-way edge states propagating along the same direction at its two parallel edges.Here,we report the construction and observation of topological beam splitting with the easily adjustable right-to-left ratio in an antichiral GPC.The splitter is compact and configurable,has high trans-mission efficiency,and allows for multi-channel utilization,crosstalk-proof,and robust against defects and obstacles.This magnificent performance is attributed to the peculiar property that antichiral one-way edge states exist only at zigzag edge but not at armchair edge of antichiral GPC.When we combine two rectangular antichiral GPCs holding left-and right-propagating antichiral one-way edge states respectively,bidirectionally radiating one-way edge states at two paral-lel zigzag edges can be achieved.Our observations can enrich the understanding of fundamental physics and expand to-pological photonic applications.

Acoustic beam splitting in a sonic crystal around a directional band gap

Beam splitting upon refraction in a triangular sonic crystal composed of aluminum cylinders in air is experimentally and numerically demonstrated to occur due to finite source size, which facilitates circumvention of a directional band gap. Experiments reveal that two distinct beams emerge at crystal output, in agreement with the numerical results obtained through the finite-element method. Beam splitting occurs at sufficiently-small source sizes comparable to lattice periodicity determined by the spatial gap width in reciprocal space. Split beams propagate in equal amplitude, whereas beam splitting is destructed for oblique incidence above a critical incidence angle.

Intensity correlation properties of x-ray beams split with Laue diffraction

Beam splitting is one of the main approaches to achieving x-ray ghost imaging, and the intensity correlation between diffraction beam and transmission beam will directly affect the imaging quality. In this paper, we investigate the intensity correlation between the split x-ray beams by Laue diffraction of stress-free crystal. The analysis based on the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction indicates that the spatial resolution of diffraction image and transmission image are reduced due to the position shift of the exit beam. In the experimental setup, a stress-free crystal with a thickness of hundredmicrometers-level is used for beam splitting. The crystal is in a non-dispersive configuration equipped with a double-crystal monochromator to ensure that the dimension of the diffraction beam and transmission beam are consistent. A correlation coefficient of 0.92 is achieved experimentally and the high signal-to-noise ratio of the x-ray ghost imaging is anticipated.Results of this paper demonstrate that the developed beam splitter of Laue crystal has the potential in the efficient data acquisition of x-ray ghost imaging.

Optical analysis of a hybrid solar concentrating Photovoltaic /Thermal (CPV/T) system with beam splitting technique

A novel hybrid solar concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal (CPV/T) system with beam splitting technique is presented. In this system, a beam splitter is used to separate the concentrated solar radiation into two parts: one for the PV power generation and the other for thermal utility. The solar concentrator is a flat Fresnel-type concentrator with glass mirror reflectors. It can concentrate solar radiation onto solar cells with high uniformity, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of solar cells. The thermal receiver is separated to the solar cells, and therefore, the thermal fluid can be heated to a relatively high temperature and does not affect the performance of solar cells. A dimensionless model was developed for the performance analysis of the concentrating system. The effects of the main parameters on the performance of the concentrator were analyzed. The beam splitter with coating materials Nb2O3 /SiO2 was designed by using the needle optimization technique, which can reflect about 71% of the undesired radiation for silicon cell(1.1m < 3m) to the thermal receiver for thermal utility. The performance of this CPV/T system was also theoretically analyzed.

In situ frequency gating and beam splitting of vacuum- and extreme-ultraviolet pulses

Monochromatization of high-harmonic sources has opened fascinating perspectives regarding time-resolved photoemission from all phases of matter.Such studies have invariably involved the use of spectral filters or spectrally dispersive optical components that are inherently lossy and technically complex.Here we present a new technique for the spectral selection of near-threshold harmonics and their spatial separation from the driving beams without any optical elements.We discover the existence of a narrow phase-matching gate resulting from the combination of the non-collinear generation geometry in an extended medium,atomic resonances and absorption.Our technique offers a filter contrast of up to 104 for the selected harmonics against the adjacent ones and offers multiple temporally synchronized beamlets in a single unified scheme.We demonstrate the selective generation of 133,80 or 56 nm femtosecond pulses from a 400-nm driver,which is specific to the target gas.These results open new pathways towards phase-sensitive multi-pulse spectroscopy in the vacuum-and extreme-ultraviolet,and frequencyselective output coupling from enhancement cavities.

A single diffractive optical element implementing spectrum-splitting and beam-concentration functions simultaneously with high diffraction efficiency

In this paper,a novel method is proposed and employed to design a single diffractive optical element（DOE） for implementing spectrum-splitting and beam-concentration（SSBC） functions simultaneously.We develop an optimization algorithm,through which the SSBC DOE can be optimized within an arbitrary thickness range according to the limitations of modern photolithography technology.Theoretical simulation results reveal that the designed SSBC DOE has a high optical focusing efficiency.It is expected that the designed SSBC DOE should have practical applications in high-efficiency solar cell systems.

2D HyperBeam在主动阵列信号检测中的应用

对分裂波束的阵列信号特性进行了分析,对HyperBeam的1D和2D定义及工作原理进行了讨论,给出主动阵列信号处理中基于2D HyperBeam频域检测的信号处理方法。仿真结果表明,2D HyperBeam波束形成使得主瓣束宽得到锐化,同时旁瓣级也有较大幅度降低,在主动阵列信号检测中性能超过常规波束形成。

锥形术CT测量分析下颌第一磨牙拟种植区剩余牙槽嵴的骨量

背景:随着口腔领域的发展与进步,口腔种植技术逐渐成为替代传统义齿的主流选择。近年来,多种骨增量技术的成熟以及口腔数字化领域的不断发展,使种植适应证不断扩大,种植手术的成功率也越来越高。但是种植手术前使用锥形术CT对剩余牙槽嵴骨量进行准确测量并且个性化制定合适的种植方案,成为一部分临床医师的难题。目的:采用锥形束CT对下颌第一磨牙拟种植区剩余牙槽嵴骨量进行测量分析,为优化下颌第一磨牙区种植方案的设计提供参考。方法:采用回顾性研究设计,纳入205例下颌第一磨牙缺失患者的锥形术CT影像,测量下颌第一磨牙拟种植区剩余牙槽嵴高度及宽度,并将剩余牙槽嵴形态分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4类(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类剩余牙槽嵴为骨量不足),统计分析下颌第一磨牙剩余牙槽嵴高度、宽度、形态频数分布,不同性别患者下颌第一磨牙剩余牙槽嵴高度和牙槽嵴顶宽度的差异,剩余牙槽嵴高度与剩余牙槽嵴顶宽度、剩余牙槽嵴底宽度的相关性,年龄与剩余牙槽嵴顶宽度、高度的相关性。结果与结论:①下颌第一磨牙拟种植区剩余牙槽嵴高度平均为(12.14±2.96)mm,其中<12 mm者占43.41%(89/205),下颌第一磨牙拟种植区牙槽嵴顶宽度平均为(6.80±1.65)mm,其中<6 mm者占26.34%(54/205);②男性下颌第一磨牙剩余牙槽嵴高度高于女性,但差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),男性下颌第一磨牙剩余牙槽嵴顶宽度宽于女性,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01);③剩余牙槽嵴高度与剩余牙槽嵴顶宽度和剩余牙槽嵴底宽度呈负相关(P<0.05);年龄与剩余牙槽嵴顶宽度呈正相关(P<0.05),与剩余牙槽嵴高度无明显相关性(P>0.05);④剩余牙槽嵴形态Ⅰ类占58.05%(119/205),Ⅱ类占9.27%(19/205),Ⅲ类占20.49%(42/205),Ⅳ类占12.19%(25/205),其中多数为Ⅲ类剩余牙槽嵴骨量不足,临床医生需要根据剩余牙槽嵴类型个性化设计最佳的种植方案。

Propagation of Gaussian beams family through a Kerr-type left-handed metamaterial

In this paper the propagation of elegant Hermite-cosh-Gaussian, elegant Laguerre Gaussian, and Bessel Gaussian beams through a Kerr left-handed metamaterial （LHM） slab have been studied. A split-step Fourier method is used to investigate the propagation of laser beams through this media. Numerical simulation shows that Gaussian beams have different focusing behaviors in a Kerr LHM slab with positive or negative nonlinearity. Beam focusing happens in slabs with positive nonlinearity and not in slabs with negative nonlinearity; however, negative nonlinearity is required for a Kerr LHM slab to act like a lens. Additionally, the focusing properties of beams can be controlled by controlling the thickness of the slab or the input power of the incident beam. A multilayer structure is also proposed to have beam focusing by thinner slabs and passing longer distances.

高功率微波大口径相控阵天线拍波辐射方法研究

相控阵天线是未来高功率微波辐射系统的重要形式之一,是当前研究的热点。为了获得超高等效全向辐射功率,高功率微波天线均为大口径形式。而大口径相控阵天线在辐射高功率微波拍波过程中,存在波束分裂、增益下降问题。针对该问题,本文提出了一种大口径相控阵天线拍波辐射结构,采用“子阵-面阵”两级馈电形式,解决了拍波辐射过程中波束分裂问题,有效提高了高功率微波系统的综合性能。该方法极大地节约了移相器数量,节省了系统成本,降低了系统复杂度,有利于实现高功率微波系统的小型化,提高系统的可靠性。

“Split Brick by Qigong” and a Probe into Its Mechanics Problem

Based on the phenomenon of"split brick by Qigong",a mechanical model for short beam impact is proposed.Combined with the traditional energy method,a theoretical analysis of the impact of the short beam(Timoshenko beam)closer to the real situation is made considering the quality and initial deformation.The optimal solution of short beam impact problem of how to choose the position where the short beam is most likely to break is obtained.The finite element numerical analysis and experimental test are used,and the results verify the applicability of the theoretical analysis of the proposed model.

宽带太赫兹大规模MIMO系统中的混合预编码

针对宽带太赫兹大规模多输入多输出(multiple input multiple output,MIMO)通信系统中更大的带宽和更多的天线导致的波束分裂问题,构建了基于时延的宽带太赫兹大规模MIMO系统的混合预编码通信模型,并提出了一种高效且可实现的联合时延和相位的宽带太赫兹混合预编码算法。考虑到时延器值的硬件限制,通过最小化最优模拟预编码与等效模拟预编码之间的差来联合优化模拟预编码矩阵和数字预编码矩阵,将联合优化问题转换成目标优化问题,通过将非凸问题转换成等价的凸问题来求全局最优解。仿真结果表明,提出的算法可以获得接近最优的可实现速率性能,且可以提高能量效率。

基于响应面法的Ni60/WC涂层表面织构皮秒分束工艺参数预测研究

目的实现六分束激光在Ni60/WC涂层表面烧蚀目标织构激光加工工艺参数的精确选择。方法基于CCD响应面法,设计在不同的激光工艺参数下对Ni60/WC涂层表面进行织构烧蚀试验,以激光频率、扫描次数、扫描速度为影响因素,以圆凹坑织构直径、深度及由其直径和深度综合加权所得的综合目标为响应目标,建立目标织构所需激光工艺参数的预测模型,以织构直径、深度及综合目标作为优化条件,对预测模型进行实验验证。结果扫描次数对织构直径的影响最显著,单个脉冲光斑上所聚集的能量大小是影响织构直径误差的关键因素。对织构深度影响最显著为扫描次数和频率,织构深度与扫描次数、频率呈正相关,不同因素间的交互作用是影响织构加工结果的关键。通过对预测模型所优选的参数进行实验验证发现,以织构直径和深度、综合目标建立的预测模型优选工艺参数所加工圆凹坑织构的质量评价指标与其预测指标的误差率分别为19.37%、3.57%。功率为6 W时,六分束激光加工最优工艺参数为速度5500 mm/s、频率400 kHz、扫描2次。结论通过综合目标建立的Ni60/WC涂层表面圆凹坑织构六分束激光加工参数优选预测模型精确程度较高,能够实现Ni60/WC涂层表面加工所需织构激光参数的准确预测,为涂层表面织构加工激光参数精确选择提供了理论依据。

UHF波段无源雷达低仰角波瓣分裂现象分析及校正方法

针对低频段无源雷达低仰角远程预警探测时波瓣分裂影响俯仰向探测空域覆盖的问题,提出了一种波瓣分裂校正方法.首先分析了波瓣分裂形成原因和影响因素;然后基于阵列流型拟合思想,提出了一种利用最小二乘法求解变换矩阵的校正方法;最后通过仿真分析了角度量化间隔、角度变换区间对校正误差的影响,验证了校正方法的有效性.这对改进基于数字广播电视信号的无源雷达性能提供了参考.

混合远近场太赫兹通信中波束色散分析及预编码设计

为解决宽带太赫兹通信中传统混合预编码架构中的波束色散问题,将时延器引入到该架构中,并研究基于时延器的混合预编码架构性能。讨论了混合远近场太赫兹通信中的波束色散问题,分析了引入时延器后的混合预编码架构及其性能,提出了一种基于远近场的混合预编码算法,对所提算法和传统的混合预编码算法进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,所提算法在性能上优于传统算法,可以有效缓解混合远近场中的波束色散。

液体分频介质的制备及其对光伏/热系统的影响分析

光谱分频光伏/热(PV/T)复合利用技术打破了PV电池低工作温度与其高品位热需求的冲突,实现了高效的光电效率和热效率。为了制备合适的选择性分频介质实现PV/T器件内能量合理分配,以去离子水为基液,利用贵金属Ag纳米颗粒与无机CoSO_(4)组合实现分频液体光学特性的高效调控。此外,基于能量平衡法建立了典型PV/T原型系统的电、热输出模型,分析了分频介质光学调控前后对系统热电输出特性。结果表明,水基分频液具有高效红外吸收特性,加入Ag纳米颗粒后,分频介质在可见光波段出现了明显的吸收峰,峰值为435 nm。进一步加入CoSO_(4)后,可以拓展纳米流体吸收峰宽度,且在红外也具有一定的吸收强化。对比光学调控前后分频介质对PV/T系统热电性能影响可以看出,分频介质总的吸收特性增加,PV/T系统的热效率呈现增加的趋势,但其电效率有所下降。基于液体分频PV/T系统的总[火用]效率亦随之增加,且超过28%。分频介质光学特性高效调控可实现PV/T系统的内能量的可控分配。

中红外量子级联激光器1×16锁相阵列设计

针对中红外波段单管量子级联激光器存在输出功率有限的问题,提出相干阵列通过光放大后合束提升激光器功率的方法,研究波长为4.6μm的1×16量子级联激光器锁相阵列的结构设计与优化。通过设计低传输损耗、高光限制因子的单模波导确定器件各层材料外延厚度;通过设计由100%反射率和50%反射率的布拉格反射镜组成的种子激光器实现4.6μm单波长激光输出;通过设计由1×2多模干涉耦合器(MMI)和弯曲波导组成的1×16分束器实现低损耗均匀分束并锁相;通过设计输出端口的Al_(2)O_(3)增透膜厚度并利用电注入放大的方式实现激光器阵列的大功率输出。最终确定波导上GaInAs层厚度为0.25μm,下GaInAs层厚度为0.1μm,上包层InP厚度为3μm,下包层InP厚度为1μm。当单模波导宽度为5μm时,波导损耗为0.055 dB·cm^(-1),光限制因子为0.733。100%反射镜刻蚀深度为0.2μm,周期为728 nm,占空比为0.5,周期数为1000;50%反射镜刻蚀深度为0.2μm,周期为727 nm,占空比为0.1,周期数为690;当阵列间距为35μm时,分束器尺寸为3080μm×605μm,损耗为0.254 dB,其中MMI尺寸为19μm×126μm;出射端口采用0.7μm的Al_(2)O_(3)增透膜,透射率达到0.975。最后比较了不同放大器阵列间距的温度与远场分布,相关研究结论可为量子级联激光器锁相阵列的研制提供设计参考。

宽带分裂波束探鱼仪相位校准与方位角估计模块的实现

宽带分裂波束探鱼仪在渔业资源调查中有着广泛应用,其方位角估计精度决定了能否准确确定目标鱼群的方向和位置。为了提高方位估计的精度和效率,提出了一种基于改进的正交数字下变频技术的相位校准算法,对该算法进行了仿真,并基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)实现了该算法;然后采用Vitis HLS平台构建了方位角估计知识产权(IP)核,在提高方位角估计精度的同时降低了浮点计算时延;最后用信号发生器进行了测试。结果显示:模块的方位角估计误差不超过0.05°,整体计算延迟不超过420 ns,逻辑资源消耗不超过45%,与系统指标相符。该研究成果已成功应用于宽带分裂波束探鱼仪中,显著提升了系统精度和性能,并产生了一定的经济效益。

受古铜币灵感设计的太赫兹多波束调控反射编码超表面

随着研究的不断深入,太赫兹器件在多个基础研究及工程应用领域的重要地位日益凸显,但是这些器件一般只能工作在单一频点且对圆极化较敏感。为了克服这一限制,从中国古代铜币中汲取灵感,设计了一种多频点的太赫兹编码超表面,该结构由单元“0”和单元“1”构成。通过相位编码构造的1-bit太赫兹超表面可以在x线极化波和圆极化波的入射下分别在3个频点实现不同的反射波束分裂功能,进一步通过改变1-bit编码超表面的半径,可以构建2-bit太赫兹编码超表面,实现波束偏转功能。利用幅度差异可以构造幅度编码超表面在x线极化波和圆极化波的入射下实现空间成像功能。所设计的超表面解决了仅利用相位或幅度编码进行太赫兹波前操纵的问题,克服了传统器件只能在单一频点工作和对圆极化波敏感的缺陷,为太赫兹通信领域的应用提供巨大潜力。

基于分光谱利用的新型塔式热-光伏复合发电系统的发电量预测

提出一种利用分光谱技术的塔式热-光伏复合发电系统,介绍系统的组成和结构。采用MUUEN算法设计镜场排列,在AM1.5D太阳光谱作为入射光时对提出的系统进行光学和热力学分析。采用拉萨典型气象年的太阳辐射数据,预测常规光伏发电、常规光热发电和本系统的全年发电量并进行对比。结果表明,在选定的气候条件下塔式分光谱热-光伏复合系统的综合发电量高于其他两种系统。