Vibration and wave propagation analysis of twisted micro-beam using strain gradient theory

In this research, vibration and wave propagation analysis of a twisted micro- beam on Pasternak foundation is investigated. The strain-displacement relations （kine-matic equations） are calculated by the displacement fields of the twisted micro-beam. The strain gradient theory （SGT） is used to implement the size dependent effect at micro-scale. Finally, using an energy method and Hamilton＇s principle, the governing equations of motion for the twisted micro-beam are derived. Natural frequencies and the wave prop- agation speed of the twisted micro-beam are calculated with an analytical method. Also, the natural frequency, the phase speed, the cut-off frequency, and the wave number of the twisted micro-beam are obtained by considering three material length scale parameters, the rate of twist angle, the thickness, the length of twisted micro-beam, and the elastic medium. The results of this work indicate that the phase speed in a twisted micro-beam increases with an increase in the rate of twist angle. Moreover, the wave number is in- versely related with the thickness of micro-beam. Meanwhile, it is directly related to the wave propagation frequency. Increasing the rate of twist angle causes the increase in the natural frequency especially with higher thickness. The effect of the twist angle rate on the group velocity is observed at a lower wave propagation frequency.

Effect of strain-gradients of surface micro-beams on frequency-shift of a quartz crystal resonator under thickness-shear vibrations

With introduction of the first-order strain-gradient of surface micro-beams into the energy density function,we developed a two-dimensional dynamic model for a compound quartz crystal resonator（QCR） system,consisting of a QCR and surface micro-beam arrays.The frequency shift that was induced by micro-beams with consideration of strain-gradients is discussed in detail and some useful results are obtained,which have important significance in resonator design and applications.

Instability criterion for the system composed of elastic beam and strain-softening pillar based on gradient-dependent plasticity

A mechanical model is proposed for the system of elastic beam and strain-softening pillar where strain localization is initiated at peak shear stress. To obtain the plastic deformation of the pillar due to the shear slips of multiple shear bands, the pillar is divided into several narrow slices where compressive deformation is treated as uniformity. In the light of the compatibility condition of deformation, the total compressive displacement of the pillar is equal to the displacement of the beam in the middle span. An instability criterion is derived analytically based on the energy principle using a known size of localization band according to gradient dependent plasticity. The main advantage of the present model is that the effects of the constitutive parameters of rock and the geometrical size of structure are reflected in the criterion. The condition that the derivative of distributed load with respect to the deflection of the beam in the middle span is less than zero is not only equivalent to, but also even more concise in form than the instability criterion. To study the influences of constitutive parameters and geometrical size on stability, some examples are presented.

Lagged strain of laminates in RC beams strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer

Based on the theory of concrete structure, a new expression was derived for lagged strain of fiber-reinforced polymer （FLIP） laminates in reinforced concrete （RC） beams strengthened with FRP. The influence of different preloaded states and nonlinear stress-strain relationship of compressed concrete were both taken into account in this approach. Then a simplified expression was given by ignoring tensile resistance of concrete. Comparison of analytical predictions with experimental results indicates satisfactory accuracy of the procedures. The errors are less than 8% and 10% respectively when the tensile resistance of concrete is or not considered. While the maximum error of existing procedures is up to 60%.

Analysis of wave propagation in micro/nanobeam-like structures: A size-dependent model

By incorporating the strain gradient elasticity into the classical Bernoulli-Euler beam and Timoshenko beam models, the size-dependent characteristics of wave propaga- tion in micro/nanobeams is studied. The formulations of dis- persion relation are explicitly derived for both strain gradi- ent beam models, and presented for different material length scale parameters （MLSPs）. For both phenomenological size- dependent beam models, the angular frequency, phase veloc- ity and group velocity increase with increasing wave num- ber. However, the velocity ratios approach different values for different beam models, indicating an interesting behavior of the asymptotic velocity ratio. The present theory is also compared with the nonlocal continuum beam models.

Growth Optimization, Strain Compensation and Structure Design of InAs/GaSb Type-II Superlattices for Mid-Infrared Imaging

InAs/GaSb type-II superlattce (T2SL) photodetector structures at the MWIR regime were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The growth temperature and group-V soaking times were optimized with respect to interface and transport quality. Novel strain compensation schemes with insertion of InSb layers were proposed and tested to be efficient to tune the overall strain between tensile and compressive without degradation of interface and optical quality. The effect of the proposed methods is modeled by analytic functions.? Band structure calculations were also carried out for the proposed T2SL structures to assist optimizing sample designs. Single pixel photodiodes with a low dark current were demonstrated.

Molecular-beam epitaxy of topological insulator Bi_2Se_3(111) and (221) thin films

This paper presents an overview of the growth of Bi2Se3, a prototypical three-dimensional topological insulator, by molecular-beam epitaxy on various substrates. Comparison is made between the growth of Bi2 Se3 （111） on van der Waals （vdW） and non-vdW substrates, with attention paid to twin suppression and strain. Growth along the [221] direction of Bi2Se3 on InP （001） and GaAs （001） substrates is also discussed.

Strained and strain-relaxed epitaxial Ge_(1-x)Sn_x alloys on Si(100) substrates

Epitaxial Ge1-xSnx alloys are grown separately on a Ge-buffer/Si（100） substrate and directly on a Si（100） substrate by molecular beam epitaxy （MBE） at low temperature. In the case of the Ge buffer/Si（100） substrate, a high crystalline quality strained Ge0.97Sn0.03 alloy is grown, with a Xmin value of 6.7% measured by channeling and random Rutherford baekscattering spectrometry （RBS）, and a surface root-mean-square （RMS） roughness of 1.568 nm obtained by atomic force microscopy （AFM）. In the case of the Si（100） substrate, strain-relaxed Ge0.97Sn0.03 alloys are epitaxially grown at 150℃-300℃, with the degree of strain relaxation being more than 96%. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） and AFM measurements demonstrate that the alloys each have a good crystalline quality and a relatively flat surface. The predominant defects accommodating the large misfit are Lomer edge dislocations at the interface, which are parallel to the interface plane and should not degrade electrical properties and device performance.

PEELING-OFF PHENOMENON IN FRP STRENGTHENED CONCRETE BEAMS DUE TO THERMAL RESIDUAL STRESS

Peeling-off phenomena in FRP strengthened concrete beams are investigated in this paper. Based on the beam theory and the fracture mechanics, a new theoretical model is proposed to analyze the peeling-off behavior near FRP-concrete interfaces, which is governed by residual thermal stresses. Numerical examples are presented to provide a clear insight into the failure mechanism. Some suggestions are provided for the optimal design of FRP strengthened structures.

基于应变模态曲率差的木梁损伤识别

为了识别木梁截面的残缺,提出基于应变模态曲率差的木梁损伤识别方法。首先,采用ABAQUS建立完好木梁和不同程度损伤木梁的有限元模型并进行模态分析;然后,分别采用应变模态和应变模态曲率差的损伤识别指标对木梁进行损伤定位识别,通过拟合应变模态曲率差与损伤程度的关系式估算木梁的损伤程度;最后,通过木梁试验验证该指标的有效性。结果表明:应变模态损伤识别指标对木梁的截面损伤定位效果较差;应变模态曲率差指标具有较强敏感性,能够准确地识别出木梁损伤位置和程度。

基于PCA-EWM两级特征融合和NGO-GRU的梁桥损伤诊断

为了提高损伤识别中单一指标对损伤的灵敏度和抗噪能力,基于模态应变能理论,提出联合主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和熵权融合(entropy weight method,EWM)的两级特征融合方法,并使用北方苍鹰优化算法(northern goshawk optimization,NGO)结合门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit,GRU)进行桥梁损伤程度预测。首先,基于传统的模态应变能理论,构造出对角模态应变能比,由此衍生出对角模态应变能比变化率,对角模态应变能比耗散率,标准化对角模态应变能比差指标。其次,使用主成分分析实现指标内特征提取,熵权法融合指标间的特征,从而构造出加权决策指标(weighted decision index,WDI)。将单个模态应变能衍生指标输入到NGO-GRU混合神经网络中,损伤程度为输出,从而建立指标值与损伤程度之间的关系,进而实现损伤量化。通过三跨连续梁桥数值模型对所提出的方法进行验证,结果表明:加权决策指标具有良好的损伤定位能力和抗噪性,混合神经网络具有较高的损伤预测精度,预测准确率为91.14%。

Damage detection method in complicated beams with varying flexural stiffness

A damage detection method for complicated beam-like structures is proposed based on the subsection strain energy method （SSEM）, and its applicability condition is introduced. For a beam with the continuously varying fiexural stiffness and an edge crack, the SSEM is used to detect the crack location effectively by numerical modal shapes. As a complicated beam, the glass fiber-reinforced composite model of a wind turbine blade is studied based on an experimental modal analysis. The SSEM is used to calculate the damage index from the measured modal parameters and locate the damage position in the blade model successfully. The results indicate that the SSEM based on the modal shapes can be used to detect the damages in complicated beams or beam-like structures for engineering applications.

Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensing Detecting Multi-Crack Damages under Vibrating Status

The multi-crack damages modal of simple supported beam has been build, at the vibrating status, the multi-damage detecting method of simple supported beam measured by fiber Bragg grating strain sensing array has been studied. From 0 hz to 200 hz, using exciter vibrating simple supported beam, with different damages, resonant frequency of simple supported beam has changed. So, when the damage appears in simple supported beam, the local rigidity will decrease, the resonant frequency of simple supported beam will be affected, the damage status of simple supported beam have been determined by this. The experimental result indicates that the resonant frequency of simple supported beam has changed when there is no damage, one damage, two damages, three damages on simple supported beam. According to this, the fiber Bragg grating strain sensing array can detect multi-crack damage of simple supported beam under vibrating status.

敷设约束阻尼层的工字梁振动特性研究

本文提出了一种计算带约束阻尼层梁振动响应的方法。以工字梁为研究对象,开展了室内振动试验,测得了不同位置的振动响应。并基于有限元法同步建立了数值仿真模型,利用模态应变能法准确计算了结构的自振频率和模态损耗因子。基于上述结果,利用模态叠加法进行谐响应分析,得到了约束阻尼层工字梁的振动响应结果。将振动响应的实测值与仿真值进行对比,验证了模型的准确性。分析了设计参数(阻尼层厚度、约束层厚度)对构件自振频率、模态损耗因子及加速度总振级的影响。研究结果表明:各板件的振动响应有着相似的变化规律,腹板加速度总振级最大,底板次之,顶板最小;总体上阻尼层厚度对工字梁前5阶自振频率影响不大,而随着约束层厚度的增大,构件前5阶自振频率先减小后增大;增大阻尼层厚度和约束层厚度都能持续增大构件的模态损耗因子,进而有效降低加速度总振级,且对腹板的减振效果好于顶板和底板。

波形钢腹板工字梁的等效计算模型及稳定性分析

基于变形与应变能相等的原则,提出波形钢腹板工字梁的等效平直钢腹板计算模型。通过波形钢腹板直板段与斜板段应变分析,推导了波形钢腹板工字梁及等效计算模型的应变能,建立等效惯性矩与等效扇性惯性矩,利用平直钢腹板工字梁的临界荷载计算公式,对波形钢腹板工字梁进行稳定性分析。研究结果表明:该方法简单、便捷,对波形钢腹板工字梁的稳定分析准确、有效;建立的等效惯性矩与翘曲惯性矩仅取决于截面及波形钢板尺寸,不受工字梁的边界条件、跨径等因素的影响,具有良好的适应性。

基于缩尺模型的高铁桥梁预应力损失试验研究

【目的】为更好的评估在役预应力混凝土桥梁结构预应力损失状况。【方法】选用国内高铁中应用最广的32 m预应力混凝土箱梁作为研究对象,按照1:16的缩尺比例将箱梁转化为T形截面制作了26根C50混凝土试验模型梁。通过对试验梁预应力钢绞线应变、伸长量的瞬时和长期监测得到预应力损失的实际值,并将此实际值与目前国内外常用预应力损失规范计算所得值进行对比分析。【结果】预应力损失主要发生在前期即瞬时损失,约占总损失的70%;84.6%的试验梁锚固损失占瞬时损失总和的70%以上,最高达80.57%;试验梁的长期损失在锚固后的前10 d内变化较快,后期逐渐趋于稳定;将5种规范的计算结果与试验实测值进行对比,对于长期损失,数据显示实测数据与《铁路桥涵设计规范》(TB 10002—2017)计算结果最为吻合。【结论】研究结果可为实际工程中预应力梁的预应力损失计算提供参考。

Structure Damage Identification via Fiber Grating Strain Sensing Array Detecting and Wavelet Analysis

The measuring method of structure damage during vibrating has been developed by applying simple supported beam as object of study, fiber Bragg grating strain sensing array as the measuring method, and wavelet package analysis as signal extracting tools. The damage data of simple supported beam at vibrating state has been collected. The damage characteristic indexes have been extracted based on analyzing and handling the damage data with wavelet analysis. The experiment shows that fiber Bragg grating strain sensing array can sensitively measure the experimental data of simple supported beam at vibrating state. The fiber Bragg grating strain sensing array measuring is a new method in dynamic measurement.

钢-连续纤维复合筋珊瑚混凝土梁式拉拔粘结应力分布研究

为探究钢-连续纤维复合筋(SFCB)在珊瑚混凝土中的粘结应力分布,使用梁式拉拔试验方法,对碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)筋和不同直径SFCB珊瑚混凝土进行拉拔,并采用光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感技术对筋材应力分布变化动态监测。研究结果表明:SFCB直径和钢芯直径均会影响荷载-滑移曲线形状;箍筋对筋材初始粘结刚度和SFCB纤维层加载端应变有明显提升;箍筋一定程度可以增强螺纹钢芯的粘结,对光圆钢芯粘结影响不大;SFCB屈服后的粘结应力分布与屈服前有明显差异,钢芯屈服后应力传递现象更明显;由于钢芯具有较高的弹性模量,在相同荷载下SFCB纤维层粘结段各处粘结应力均要大于CFRP筋。

基于加速度模态曲率的桥梁结构损伤评估方法

基于加速度振动信号和弹性薄板理论,提出了一种利用加速度模态曲率定位桥梁结构损伤的方法,并根据模态曲率面积方差比提出用于量化桥梁结构损伤的损伤指数.结果表明,通过简支梁固有频率和一阶加速度模态振型的长期变化趋势能够识别结构损伤;在没有无损工况作为参考时,通过简支梁沿主梁方向的总应变和一阶加速度模态曲率能够准确定位到简支梁的损伤位置,二者的损伤定位结果互相印证,但一阶加速度模态曲率对低程度损伤的敏感性比应变更高;损伤位置处的一阶加速度模态曲率突变会随着结构损伤程度的增加变得越来越明显;拟合出损伤指数与刚度损伤程度的关系曲线,利用两者之间的关系曲线可以对简支梁损伤程度进行量化,且经过验证发现该方法的计算精度较高.

新型高强钢筋混凝土梁短期抗弯性能研究

为研究一种高强、高应变、高抗腐蚀性的新型钢筋替代普通钢筋应用于混凝土梁后构件的抗弯性能,对等强度设计的两种新型高强钢筋混凝土梁与普通钢筋混凝土梁进行短期受弯性能试验,对比分析两种梁的承载力、变形、裂缝及破坏形态,并基于试验结果,将新型高强钢筋混凝土梁受弯承载力、最大裂缝宽度、挠度的试验值与规范计算值进行对比。结果表明:等强度设计的两种梁承载力相近,但破坏形态有较大的不同,相同外力下,新型钢筋混凝土梁的挠度、最大裂缝宽度、裂缝高度都大于普通钢筋混凝土梁的。新型钢筋混凝土梁的开裂弯矩和极限弯矩按现行规范公式进行计算具有足够的安全储备,正常使用阶段,短期荷载作用下新型钢筋混凝土梁挠度试验值与规范计算值吻合较好,最大裂缝宽度的试验值与规范计算值相比偏大。