BF-PT-BZT三元系高温压电陶瓷的介电压电温度稳定性

采用传统固相反应法制备0.54BiFeO_(3)-0.33PbTiO_(3)-0.13Ba(Zr_(x)Ti_(1-x))O_(3)(BF-0.33PT-0.13Ba(Zr_(x)Ti_(1-x)),0.4≤x≤0.8)三元系压电陶瓷,研究了Zr含量(x)对陶瓷的微观结构以及介电、铁电和压电性能的影响。X线衍射(XRD)结果表明,BF-0.33PT-0.13Ba(Zr_(x)Ti_(1-x))三元系陶瓷为单一钙钛矿结构,当0.4≤x≤0.7时,陶瓷相结构为三方-四方相共存;当x=0.8时,陶瓷为三方相结构。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果表明,随着Zr含量的增加,陶瓷晶粒尺寸逐渐增加。在25~400℃时,陶瓷的压电常数d 33的波动小于±6%。当x=0.7时,BF-0.33PT-0.13Ba(Zr_(x)Ti_(1-x))具有最优异的综合性能,其介电常数εr、居里温度T_(C)、压电常数d_(33)分别为1194(1 kHz)、438℃和330 pC/N,在25~300℃时,陶瓷的电容温度系数和压电常数变化率分别为16%和8%。结果表明,BF-0.33PT-0.13Ba(Zr_(0.7)Ti_(0.3))陶瓷在高温压电器件中具有较广的应用前景。

基于BF-YOLOv5的红外及可见光图像融合的目标检测

在目标检测领域,夜间、大雾、遮挡及战场伪装等复杂的环境中,使用单一的图像传感器不足以反映全部的场景信息,难以提高复杂环境中目标检测精度。为此提出了以YOLOv5为基础的BF-YOLOv5算法,算法采用双分支结构,通过两个Backbone分别读取可见光图像和红外图像,在每个Backbone中分别融合了CBAM,通过学习的方式自动获取每个特征通道的重要程度,并且利用得到的重要程度来提升特征,抑制对当前任务不重要的特征。在Neck部分融合了BiFormer注意力机制,用来提升对小目标的检测能力。实验证明,BF-YOLOv5算法在红外及可见光FLIR数据集和LLVIP数据集上的检测精度均高于原有算法,在FLIR数据集上平均精度均值(mAP)高达86.6%,相比原有双分支算法提升了2.2个百分点,显著提高红外和可见光融合图像的检测性能。

CR400BF动车组车体端墙焊接模拟仿真与变形控制研究

CR400BF动车组车体端墙为封闭腔体铝合金型材拼焊结构,焊接量大,焊接变形大,尺寸不易控制,影响车辆装配精度和外观质量。针对CR400BF动车组车体端墙焊接变形的控制方法进行研究,通过焊接模拟仿真和实际生产相结合的方式,从结构优化、焊前预制反变形和焊接工艺优化三个方面提出了一套较为优化的端墙焊接变形控制方法。在结构优化方面,采用带立柱的封闭式型材结构代替传统开式型材结构,增加了端墙的刚度。焊前反变形方面,通过调整侧弯梁单件的外形弧度和外部弯梁的组对宽度,实现了对焊接变形的有效控制。焊接工艺优化方面,采用“先长后短、先大后小”正反面交替焊接顺序,并调整段焊间距和数量,进一步减小了焊接变形,保证了端墙各项关键尺寸,进而提高了产品质量和生产效率。

Anti-Jamming Null Space Projection Beamforming Based on Symbiotic Radio

With the development of information technology,more and more devices are connected to the Internet through wireless communication to complete data interconnection.Due to the broadcast characteristics ofwireless channels,wireless networks have suffered more and more malicious attacks.Physical layer security has received extensive attention from industry and academia.MIMO is considered to be one of the most important technologies related to physical layer security.Through beamforming technology,messages can be transmitted to legitimate users in an offset direction that is as orthogonal as possible to the interference channel to ensure the reception SINR by legitimate users.Combining the symbiotic radio(SR)technology,this paper considers a symbiotic radio antijamming MIMO system equipped with a multi-antenna system at the main base station.In order to avoid the interference signal and improve the SINR of the signal received by the user.The base station is equipped with a uniform rectangular antenna array,and using Null Space Projection(NSP)Beamforming,Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS)can assist in changing the beam’s angle.The simulation results show that NSP Beamforming could make a better use of the null space of interference,which can effectively improve the received SINR of users under directional interference,and improve the utilization efficiency of signal energy.

Semi-supervised learning based hybrid beamforming under time-varying propagation environments

Hybrid precoding is considered as a promising low-cost technique for millimeter wave(mm-wave)massive Multi-Input Multi-Output(MIMO)systems.In this work,referring to the time-varying propagation circumstances,with semi-supervised Incremental Learning(IL),we propose an online hybrid beamforming scheme.Firstly,given the constraint of constant modulus on analog beamformer and combiner,we propose a new broadnetwork-based structure for the design model of hybrid beamforming.Compared with the existing network structure,the proposed network structure can achieve better transmission performance and lower complexity.Moreover,to enhance the efficiency of IL further,by combining the semi-supervised graph with IL,we propose a hybrid beamforming scheme based on chunk-by-chunk semi-supervised learning,where only few transmissions are required to calculate the label and all other unlabelled transmissions would also be put into a training data chunk.Unlike the existing single-by-single approach where transmissions during the model update are not taken into the consideration of model update,all transmissions,even the ones during the model update,would make contributions to model update in the proposed method.During the model update,the amount of unlabelled transmissions is very large and they also carry some information,the prediction performance can be enhanced to some extent by these unlabelled channel data.Simulation results demonstrate the spectral efficiency of the proposed method outperforms that of the existing single-by-single approach.Besides,we prove the general complexity of the proposed method is lower than that of the existing approach and give the condition under which its absolute complexity outperforms that of the existing approach.

Activation Distance and Capacity Analysis for Ambient Backscatter Communications with Sensitivity Constraint and Beamforming

Circuit sensitivity of sensors or tags without battery is one practical constraint for ambient backscatter communication systems.This letter considers using beamforming to reduce the sensitivity constraint and evaluates the corresponding performance in terms of the tag activation distance and the system capacity.Specifically,we derive the activation probabilities of the tag in the case of single-antenna and multi-antenna transmitters.Besides,we obtain the capacity expressions for the ambient backscatter communication system with beamforming and illustrate the power allocation that maximizes the system capacity when the tag is activated.Finally,simulation results are provided to corroborate our proposed studies.

Robust adaptive radar beamforming based on iterative training sample selection using kurtosis of generalized inner product statistics

In engineering application,there is only one adaptive weights estimated by most of traditional early warning radars for adaptive interference suppression in a pulse reputation interval(PRI).Therefore,if the training samples used to calculate the weight vector does not contain the jamming,then the jamming cannot be removed by adaptive spatial filtering.If the weight vector is constantly updated in the range dimension,the training data may contain target echo signals,resulting in signal cancellation effect.To cope with the situation that the training samples are contaminated by target signal,an iterative training sample selection method based on non-homogeneous detector(NHD)is proposed in this paper for updating the weight vector in entire range dimension.The principle is presented,and the validity is proven by simulation results.

MHCⅠ类分子BF2*0201递呈ALV-J表位结构和递呈机制解析

MHC B2单倍型鸡对禽白血病病毒感染有较强抗性,这种抗病性可能与被MHC分子递呈的表位刺激活化的T细胞产生的免疫应答有关。本研究拟阐明MHCⅠ类分子BF2*0201递呈ALV-J表位结构和递呈机制。利用凝胶过滤层析筛选出能与MHCⅠ稳定结合的肽。利用晶体初筛试剂盒在体外培育肽和MHCⅠ的二元复合物晶体,并利用COOT、CCP4和PYMOL等软件对该晶体结构进行解析和分析。在这项研究中,作者发现二个与BF2*0201稳定结合的ALV-J CTL表位FVDFANRLI和SALQAFREV。得到一个优质晶体BF2*0201-SALQAFREV(SV9),其生长条件为1.0 mol·L^(-1)丁二酸(pH 7.0),0.1 mol·L^(-1)HEPES(pH 7.0),1%聚乙二醇单甲醚2000。解析高分辨率(1.72?)的BF2*0201-SV9复合物结构后发现BF2*0201抗原结合槽整体呈现弱负电性。保守的残基多位于抗原结合槽的两端,特异性氨基酸赋予BF2*0201中等大小的抗原结合槽。B、C和F口袋起着较重要的锚定作用,口袋残基和水分子与抗原多肽形成氢键作用,将其固定在抗原结合槽中。SV9表位构象中突出的P4-Gln和P7-Arg残基的构象特征表明该位点有被特异性TCR潜在识别的特性。BF2*0201-SV9复合物晶体结构特征有助于阐明B2单倍型MHCⅠ类分子BF2*0201递呈ALV-J表位的机制,有助于解释B2单倍型鸡对ALV存在抗性的原因,为抗病育种工作奠定理论基础。

否定非对合剩余格上BF-理想的BF-平移与BF-扩张理想

进一步研究否定非对合剩余格的双极值模糊理想(简称BF-理想)问题,引入BF-理想的BF-平移、BF-扩张理想和BF-乘积等概念并考察它们的性质特征和相互关系,为进一步揭示否定非对合剩余格的结构特征拓展研究思路.

Beamforming Design for IRS-and-UAV-Aided Two-Way Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks in Maritime IoT

In this paper,an intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)-and-unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-assisted two-way amplify-and-forward(AF)relay network in maritime Internet of Things(IoT)is proposed,where ship1(S1)and ship2(S2)can be viewed as data collecting centers.To enhance the message exchange rate between S1 and S2,a problem of maximizing minimum rate is cast,where the variables,namely AF relay beamforming matrix and IRS phase shifts of two time slots,need to be optimized.To achieve a maximum rate,a low-complexity alternately iterative(AI)scheme based on zero forcing and successive convex approximation(LC-ZF-SCA)algorithm is presented.To obtain a significant rate enhancement,a high-performance AI method based on one step,semidefinite programming and penalty SCA(ONSSDP-PSCA)is proposed.Simulation results show that by the proposed LC-ZF-SCA and ONS-SDP-PSCA methods,the rate of the IRS-and-UAV-assisted AF relay network surpass those of with random phase and only AF relay networks.Moreover,ONS-SDP-PSCA perform better than LC-ZF-SCA in aspect of rate.

Joint Active and Passive Beamforming Design for Hybrid RIS-Aided Integrated Sensing and Communication

Integrated sensing and communication(ISAC) is considered an effective technique to solve spectrum congestion in the future. In this paper, we consider a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)-assisted downlink ISAC system that simultaneously serves multiple single-antenna communication users and senses multiple targets. Hybrid RIS differs from fully passive RIS in that it is composed of both active and passive elements, with the active elements having the effect of amplifying the signal in addition to phase-shifting. We maximize the achievable sum rate of communication users by collaboratively improving the beamforming matrix at the dual function base station(DFBS) and the phase-shifting matrix of the hybrid RIS, subject to the transmit power constraint at the DFBS, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio(SINR) constraint of the radar echo signal and the RIS constraint are satisfied at the same time. The builtin RIS-assisted ISAC design problem model is significantly non-convex due to the fractional objective function of this optimization problem and the coupling of the optimization variables in the objective function and constraints. As a result, we provide an effective alternating optimization approach based on fractional programming(FP) with block coordinate descent(BCD)to solve the optimization variables. Results from simulations show that the hybrid RIS-assisted ISAC system outperforms the other benchmark solutions.

A Single-Board Integrated Millimeter-Wave Asymmetric Full-Digital Beamforming Array for B5G/6G Applications

In this article,a single-board integrated millimeter-wave(mm-Wave)asymmetric full-digital beamforming(AFDBF)array is developed for beyond-fifth-generation(B5G)and sixth-generation(6G)communications.The proposed integrated array effectively addresses the challenge of arranging a large number of ports in a full-digital array by designing vertical connections in a three-dimensional space and successfully integrating full-digital transmitting(Tx)and receiving(Rx)arrays independently in a single board.Unlike the traditional symmetric array,the proposed asymmetric array is composed of an 8×8 Tx array arranged in a square shape and an 8+8 Rx array arranged in an L shape.The center-to-center distance between two adjacent elements is 0.54k0 for both the Tx and Rx arrays,where k0 is the free-space wavelength at 27 GHz.The proposed AFDBF array possesses a more compact structure and lower system hardware cost and power consumption compared with conventional brick-type full-digital arrays.In addition,the energy efficiency of the proposed AFDBF array outperforms that of a hybrid beamforming array.The measurement results indicate that the operating frequency band of the proposed array is 24.25–29.50 GHz.An eight-element linear array within the Tx array can achieve a scanning angle ranging from-47°to+47°in both the azimuth and the elevation planes,and the measured scanning range of each eight-element Rx array is–45°to+45°.The measured maximum effective isotropic radiated power(EIRP)of the eight-element Tx array is 43.2 dBm at 28.0 GHz(considering the saturation point).Furthermore,the measured error vector magnitude(EVM)is less than 3%when 64-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)waveforms are used.

CR400BF平台动车组牵引系统可靠性评估

对高级修周期间隔延长背景下的CR400BF平台动车组牵引系统进行可靠性评估。基于牵引系统的部件结构及基本的系统组合形式,构建可靠性框图模型;收集整理动车组运营过程中的故障数据,利用直方图法对故障分布模型进行初步判断;通过假定分布模型的参数估计及拟合优度检验,确定各部件的故障分布规律;评估牵引系统各部件及其整体的可靠性指标,绘制可靠度函数图形并进行简要分析。文中所用的分析方法具有较好的通用性,可以进一步推广到动车组其他系统,能够为动车组修程修制改革提供技术支撑。

Cooperative Distributed Beamforming Design for Multi-RIS Aided Cell-Free Systems

Cell-free systems significantly improve network capacity by enabling joint user service without cell boundaries,eliminating intercell interference.However,to satisfy further capacity demands,it leads to high-cost problems of both hardware and power consumption.In this paper,we investigate multiple reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RISs)aided cell-free systems where RISs are introduced to improve spectrum efficiency in an energy-efficient way.To overcome the centralized high complexity and avoid frequent information exchanges,a cooperative distributed beamforming design is proposed to maximize the weighted sum-rate performance.In particular,the alternating optimization method is utilized with the distributed closed-form solution of active beamforming being derived locally at access points,and phase shifts are obtained centrally based on the Riemannian conjugate gradient(RCG)manifold method.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed design whose performance is comparable to the centralized scheme and show great superiority of the RISs-aided system over the conventional cellular and cell-free system.

Joint Beamforming Design for Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Systems Under Beampattern Gain Constraints

The joint beamforming design challenge for dual-functional radar-communication systems is addressed in this paper.The base station in these systems is tasked with simultaneously sending shared signals for both multi-user communication and target sensing.The primary objective is to maximize the sum rate of multi-user communication,while also ensuring sufficient beampattern gain at particular angles that are of interest for sensing,all within the constraints of the transmit power budget.To tackle this complex non-convex problem,an effective algorithm that iteratively optimizes the joint beamformers is developed.This algorithm leverages the techniques of fractional programming and semidefinite relaxation to achieve its goals.The numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

基于SBF-ISVD的带式输送机声信号增强方法

在带式输送机的声学诊断过程中,其声信号受混响及背景噪声的干扰十分严重,为此,通过分析混响产生的原因和声信号的组成等,提出了一种基于超指向性波束形成(SBF)去混响和改进奇异值分解(ISVD)降噪的声信号增强方法。首先,利用基于能量变化最大值进行了最优频带选择,确定了包含故障信息较多的频带;然后,利用SBF去除了混响对声信号的干扰,采用ISVD方法对去混响后的信号进行了降噪处理,并对信号进行了包络谱分析,对比了实际测得的故障特征频率和理论的故障特征频率,对带式输送机的故障特征进行了提取;最后,设计了实验,采集了实验数据,利用该方法对煤矿现场采集到的数据进行了分析验证,并将其与加权预测误差算法(WPE)和线性约束最小方差(LCMV)相结合的方法以及递归最小二乘法(RLS)进行了对比。研究结果表明:与原信号相比,经SBF-ISVD方法处理后,实验数据包络谱中内圈故障特征频率153.1 Hz及其倍频312.5 Hz处的幅值明显提高,信噪比从-31.39 dB显著提高至-25.4 dB。基于SBF-ISVD的声信号增强方法去混响和降噪效果显著,轴承故障特征提取效果较好,可实现复杂环境噪声下带式输送机声信号增强的目的。

KMP算法与BF算法的对比和选择

详细分析了KMP算法的核心思想,包括Next数组的构建与应用,以及BF算法的基本思想和执行过程。对两种算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度进行了对比和讨论,揭示了KMP算法在匹配效率上的优势。针对不同应用场景和需求,提出了算法选择的策略,为字符串匹配问题的算法选择和应用提供有价值的参考。

Research on Shortest Path BFS Strategy in Multi-AGV Scheduling System

With the increasing maturity of automated guided vehicles(AGV)technology and the widespread application of flexible manufacturing systems,enhancing the efficiency of AGVs in complex environments has become crucial.This paper analyzes the challenges of path planning and scheduling in multi-AGV systems,introduces a map-based path search algorithm,and proposes the BFS algorithm for shortest path planning.Through optimization using the breadth-first search(BFS)algorithm,efficient scheduling of multiple AGVs in complex environments is achieved.In addition,this paper validated the effectiveness of the proposed method in a production workshop experiment.The experimental results show that the BFS algorithm can quickly search for the shortest path,reduce the running time of AGVs,and significantly improve the performance of multi-AGV scheduling systems.

B_(2)O_(3)掺杂对0.76BF-0.24BT高温无铅压电陶瓷结构与性能影响

为研究掺杂B_(2)O_(3)对陶瓷的影响,采用固相合成法制备了0.76BiFeO_(3)-0.24BaTiO_(3)-xB_(2)O_(3)(简称0.76BF-0.24BT-x BO)高温无铅压电陶瓷,x为摩尔分数。对0.76BF-0.24BT-x BO陶瓷相结构、微观形貌组织、电学性能、居里温度以及退极化温度进行测试分析。XRD分析表明所有样品均为纯三方钙钛矿结构。观察陶瓷微观形貌,发现晶粒分布均匀,晶界之间有液相存在,且晶粒尺寸随着x增加而增大。陶瓷最佳烧结温度从960℃降至940℃。当x=0.1时,压电常数和剩余极化强度达到最大值,分别为101 pC·N^(-1)、21.5μC·cm^(-2)。0.76BF-0.24BT-x BO陶瓷有着良好的高温稳定性:居里温度T_(C)为585℃,退极化温度T_(d)=560℃。研究结果表明,掺杂B_(2)O_(3)具有改善0.76BF-0.24BT陶瓷微观形貌组织、降低烧结温度和提高电学性能的作用。

基于BBF优化算法的无人机遥感图像配准研究

针对无人机遥感图像中的亮度、尺度、图像重叠等问题,利用BBF优化算法设计无人机遥感图像配准方法;根据无人机遥感成像原理,获取无人机遥感图像作为配准对象,通过图像融合、校正等步骤,完成初始遥感图像的预处理;提取无人机遥感图像的SIFT特征点和轮廓特征,利用BBF优化算法搜索当前图像与参考图像之间的特征匹配对,完成图像的特征匹配;最终通过粗匹配、精匹配和消除错误匹配点3个步骤,得出无人机遥感图像的配准结果;通过效果测试实验得出结论:优化设计方法的特征匹配点准确率为5.15%,漏配率为3.75%,显著优于传统配准算法。