Analysis of sex pheromone production and field trapping of the Asian corn borer(Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée)in Xinjiang,China

Identifying the sex pheromone systems of local pest populations facilitates their management,especially for moth species that show significant geographic variation in sex pheromone communication.We investigated the pheromone production and behavioral responses of the Asian corn borer(Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée;ACB)in Xinjiang,China.The ACB produces three compounds:(Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate(Z12-14:Ac)and(E)-12-tetradecenyl acetate(E12-14:Ac)which are two sex pheromone compounds,and n-tetradecyl acetate(14:Ac)which has variable roles in mediating behavioral responses.The ratios of these three compounds produced in female gland are geographically distinct among different populations.Quantitative analysis of pheromone production showed that the proportions of Z12-14:Ac in the E/Z isomers(i.e.,Z and E12-14:Ac)and the proportions of 14:Ac in the ternary blend respectively averaged 60.46%(SD=5.26)and 25.00%(SD=7.37),with their probabilities normally or near-normally distributed.Trapping experiments in a cornfield indicated that deploying the E/Z isomers and the three compounds in rubber septa close to their gland ratios yielded the most captured males,while other ratios that deviated from the gland ratios showed reduced field captures.The ternary blend was significantly more attractive to males than the E/Z isomers in the field,indicating a functional role of 14:Ac as the third pheromone component used by the local population.Additionally,the dose-response test demonstrated that the application of the three compounds at dosages between 200 and 350μg attracted significantly more males compared to other dosages.Therefore,the characterization of this local ACB pheromone system provides additional information about its geographic variation and serves as a basis for optimizing the pheromone-mediated control of this pest in Xinjiang.

广西越冬稻螟种类及其空间分布型研究

【目的】水稻螟虫在广西广泛分布,严重威胁水稻生产,明确广西稻螟的越冬情况及其空间分布型,了解水稻螟虫的种类及分布情况,为其预测预报及科学防治提供依据。【方法】分别在桂东北、桂西北、桂东南、桂西南和沿海地区,共27个市(县)进行越冬螟虫调查,并采用棋盘式取样法,将稻桩带回室内仔细剥查鉴定螟虫种类及数量,分析螟虫种群的空间分布型。【结果】本次越冬调查结果表明,广西越冬螟虫种类有大螟(Sesamia inferens)、二化螟(Chilo suppressalis)、三化螟(Scirpophaga incertulas)和台湾稻螟(Chilotraea auricilia),其中大螟和二化螟为优势种。三化螟主要分布在纬度23°-25°,其他螟虫在广西越冬未呈现明显规律。空间分布参数表明,除13、20和22号田块大螟呈均匀分布外,其他田块螟虫均呈聚集分布,且聚集度随密度的增加而升高。大部分田块螟虫聚集原因是由环境因素引起的。【结论】在广西,越冬螟虫呈聚集分布,大螟和二化螟为田间越冬优势种群,台湾稻螟次之,三化螟零星发生。

甘蔗种质材料田间抗螟性综合评价及筛选

【目的】探索甘蔗种质材料田间抗螟性评价体系,并对163份不同甘蔗种质材料进行田间抗螟性评价,了解各材料对甘蔗螟虫的抗性表现,筛选优良的抗螟性甘蔗种质材料,为甘蔗抗螟种质创新、新品种选育及抗螟品种的推广应用提供参考。【方法】通过田间甘蔗螟虫自然种群感虫法,跟踪调查163份甘蔗种质材料3年(1新2宿)田间的苗期螟害枯心率和生长中后期螟害节率,以新台糖22号(ROC22)作为抗螟性对照品种,计算各甘蔗种质材料的相对螟害减退率,并以相对螟害减退率及相应的甘蔗抗螟性分级评价体系对供试甘蔗种质材料进行抗螟性评价和筛选。【结果】163个甘蔗种质材料“1新2宿”的螟害枯心率在1.74%~21.75%、螟害节率在1.17%~9.74%;供试材料中3年均进入苗期螟害枯心率最重前20名的材料只有CP09-4707,均进入苗期螟害枯心率最轻前20名的材料为0份,均进入中后期螟害节率最轻或最重前20名的材料也为0份。抗螟性评价结果表明,在新植苗期、新植生长中后期、第1年宿根苗期、第1年宿根生长中后期、第2年宿根苗期和第2年宿根生长中后期的抗螟性表现为中抗以上的甘蔗种质材料数量分别有96、151、48、88、106和147份;以韦恩图分析方法筛选出GT03-571、GT03-1438、GT03-2887、YT96-86、GT02-467、Q200、T6、T5、ROC22、T8和GT42共11份甘蔗种质材料在6个生长时期的抗螟性表现均在中抗以上。【结论】建立了一种能有效结合甘蔗品种区域试验、对照品种明确易得、操作方法简单、可对甘蔗6个不同生长期抗螟性进行评价的评价体系。不同甘蔗种质材料间螟害率存在较大差异,抗螟性差异客观存在。筛选出11份在6个生长期抗螟性表现均在中抗以上的甘蔗种质材料,可用于抗螟新品种选育。

Composition of Rice Stem Borers in Western Rice Areas of Sichuan Province and New Characteristics of Their Occurrence and Damage

[ Objective ] The paper was to study the composition of rice stem borers in western Sichuan Province and the characteristics of their occurrence and dam- age. [ Method ] Rice stem borers in western rice areas in Sichuan Province were composed of Chilo suppressalis, Tryporyza itwertulas and Sesamla inferens. C. sup- pressalis was the dominant population in most rice areas in western flee areas in Sichuan Province. T. incertulas had distribution and damage in Longquan, Qingbai- jiang and some rice areas, showing increasing trend of spread. The population of S. inferens was the minimum, but it caused serious damage in late period of rice. [ Conclusion] The result provided theoretical basis for proposing effective control measures against rice stem borers in western rice areas in Sichuan Province.

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT OF ASIAN CORN BORER Ostrinia furnacalis

Temperature dependent development in the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee) was determined at nine constant temperatures between 10℃ and 34℃. Except for 10℃ development of all life stages occurred at the temperatures tested, however, mortality was significantly great at the extreme temperatures(12℃ and 34℃). Egg, larvae and pupae duration accounted for 17%, 57% and 25% of total one of immature stage, respectively Lower developmental thresholds estimated to be 10 38, 10 06 and 11 07℃ for eggs, larvae and pupae, respectively. Upper limited thresholds were 28 00, 31 00 and 31 00℃ for eggs, larvae and pupae, respectively. The heat unit requirements for egg stage were 79 15 degree days, for larval stage were 339 73 degree days, and for pupal stage were 128 82 degree days, respectively. Overall, heat unit requirements for development from egg to adult were 539 91 degree days between lower developmental threshold 10 35℃ and upper limited threshold 32℃.

新疆焉耆垦区防护林主要树种适宜性评价研究

从焉耆垦区生态环境建设和防护林体系保护的实际需求出发,通过林地资源监测和实地调查,以树种的生态适应性、生态功能、综合效益和观赏价值作为防护林树种选择的主要评价准则,选取抗寒能力、抗旱能力、抗蛀干害虫能力、防风能力、经济效益等15个评价因子作为指标。利用层次分析法建立3级评价体系,运用多目标线性加权和法得出该区域64种主要防护林树种的树种适应性评价的总体得分值(Y),并根据该数值对防护林树种的适宜性进行等级划分。分析得到,Ⅰ级(Y≥4.0)适宜性优良的树种有泓森槐、胡杨、新疆杨等8种,Ⅱ级(3.6≤Y<4.0)适宜性较好的树种有刺槐、沙枣、山楂、美国黑核桃等19种,Ⅲ级(3.2≤Y<3.6)适宜性一般的树种有樟子松、大果榛子、臭椿、苹果等19种,Ⅳ级(2.8≤Y<3.2)适宜性较差的树种有梣叶槭、白榆、垂柳等13种,Ⅴ级(Y<2.8)适宜性极差的树种有箭杆杨、黑杨、竹柳等5种。

林州山楂园桃小食心虫发生规律及性诱剂防控技术

桃小食心虫是危害山楂果实的重要害虫之一。研究分析了该虫在河南林州山楂树上的发生规律,同时明确了诱芯种类、高度和性诱芯悬挂数量对桃小食心虫成虫的诱集效果。结果表明,桃小食心虫在每年发生1~2代,山楂树上主要有1个发生高峰,在8月10日前后为防治关键期。3种诱芯诱虫效果没有显著性差异,2 m悬挂诱芯效果最好,诱芯数量对桃小食心虫的诱集数量没有明显影响。

几种杀虫剂对水稻二化螟的田间防治效果

为了筛选防治水稻抗性二化螟的有效药剂,于2023年在湖南省涟源市开展了环丙氟虫胺、阿维菌素、金龟子绿僵菌、杀虫单和乙基多杀菌素对水稻二化螟田间防治效果试验。结果表明:参试药剂对二化螟的防治效果存在明显差异,在药后第14、21天,10%环丙氟虫胺DC600 mL/hm^(2)和25%乙基多杀菌素WG180 g/hm^(2)的防效最佳,显著高于其他处理,说明环丙氟虫胺和乙基多杀菌素均对水稻二化螟具有良好的防效,但二者都具有速效性不高但持效性较好的特点,可与起效快的药剂复配使用,达到更好的防治效果。

34%乙多·甲氧虫SC防治盘锦稻区二化螟效果初报

研究了34%乙多·甲氧虫SC对盘锦地区水稻田二化螟的防治效果及对水稻的安全性。田间试验结果表明:34%乙多·甲氧虫SC田间用量24 g/667 m^(2)、20 g/667 m^(2),于二化螟卵孵化盛期,即每代次二化螟幼虫为害显状初期开始第一次施药,连施2次,间隔7~10 d,对一代二化螟防效分别为94.6%、88.2%,对二代二化螟防效分别为86.4%、84.7%。对照药剂25%乙基多杀菌素WG田间用量15 g/667 m^(2),240 g/L甲氧虫酰肼SC田间用量28 g/667 m^(2)对一代二化螟的防效分别为97.8%、78.5%;对二代二化螟防效分别为89.8%、69.5%。参试药剂处理区水稻生长正常。综上,34%乙多·甲氧虫SC对二化螟防效较理想,且对水稻安全。

(2+1)维广义Borer-Kaup系统的变量分离解和半包局域结构

基于一个特殊的Painlev啨Bcklund变换和多线性变量分离方法,分析了(2+1)维非线性广义BorerKaup(GBK)系统,求得了该系统具有若干任意函数的变量分离严格解.根据得到的变量分离严格解,并通过选择解中的任意函数,引入恰当的局域函数和多值函数,找到了GBK系统一种新的具有实际物理意义的半包局域相干结构,如海洋表面波,并简要地讨论了这种半包局域相干结构的一些特殊的演化性质.结果表明:这种半包局域相干结构相互作用后,完全保持它们原有的速度、波形和波幅,即它们的演化性质是完全弹性的.

不同果园食心虫消长动态分析及性信息迷向技术防治效果

食心虫是近年来黑龙江果园危害较为严重的蛀果类害虫,为了解决食心虫给果农带来的巨大危害,分析了黑龙江省牡丹江地区单一和混栽两种果园内桃小食心虫、李小食心虫及梨小食心虫的消长动态情况,并对性信息素迷向技术防治效果进行研究。结果表明,单一果园桃小食心虫一年发生一代,李小食心虫一年发生两代,梨小食心虫一年发生四代;混栽果园桃小食心虫一年发生两代,李小食心虫一年发生两代,梨小食心虫一年发生四代;混栽果园均比单一果园诱捕食心虫数量高,说明寄主种类多的果园食心虫虫害严重;性信息素迷向技术在两种果园防治食心虫均有较好效果,迷向率均较高,单一果园和混栽果园迷向率分别为93.56%和94.72%。

蚕桑园区桑树病虫绿色防控技术示范与推广成效总结

防治桑螟危害是淳安县蚕桑园区病虫防控工作的重点,长期以来人们通过化学农药来防控桑螟。由于化学农药的过度使用,不但显著提高了桑螟的抗药性,增加了防治成本,加重了蚕农负担,而且化学农药在生物体内与环境中的残留、富集严重污染了环境,危害了人类健康。本文针对蚕桑园区桑树主要病虫桑螟,介绍了绿色防控的方法,其中使用性诱剂和食诱剂诱杀桑螟成效明显。

盐城市大丰区桑螟发生情况及精准防治

近年来,盐城市大丰区的桑螟发生情况较为严重。本文分析了桑螟的危害特点和世代发生规律,按照“预防为主,综合防治”要求,提出预测预报信息化、物理防治生态化、化学防治高效化和生物防治绿色化等精准防治措施,有效抑制桑园桑螟危害,保障蚕桑生产安全。

油茶蛀茎类害虫及绿色防控技术

本文介绍了茶梢尖蛾、油茶蛀茎虫、茶木蛾、黑跗眼天牛、茶天牛、闽鸠辐蛾和咖啡木蠹蛾7种常见的蛀茎类油茶害虫,以及蛀茎类害虫的识别特征和生活习性,并结合生产实践,提出了油茶蛀茎类害虫绿色防控技术措施,即以营林措施、物理防治、生物防治为主,在虫害达到成灾标准时,科学使用化学农药来控制,从而有效提高茶油产量和质量,减少环境污染,保障生态环境安全和木本油料产品安全,助力油茶林产业高质量发展。

昆虫性信息素智能迷婚剂防治水稻二化螟效果研究

为探讨昆虫性信息素智能迷婚剂对二化螟的防控效果,设置智能迷婚剂,利用性诱剂进行了田间蛾量调查,并调查了二化螟的危害情况,发现迷向防治区性诱剂引诱的二化螟总量明显低于药剂防治区,同时,迷向防治改变了性诱剂的诱蛾动态.当田间蛾量较大时,药剂防治区的诱蛾量明显高于迷向防治区,且差异具有统计学意义.迷向法防治后,水稻二化螟的危害株率明显降低,防效为92.3%±1.8%,防效明显高于药剂防治区.研究结果表明,昆虫性信息素智能迷婚剂是水稻二化螟的一种高效绿色防控技术,能大量减少化学农药的使用.

Effects of Droplet Distribution on Insecticide Toxicity to Asian Corn Borers(Ostrinia furnaealis) and Spiders(Xysticus ephippiatus)

Distribution of horizontal boom produced droplets downwards into maize canopies at flowering period and its effects on the efficacies of emamectin benzoate, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole against the second generation of Asian corn borer （ACB） larvae and their toxicity to spiders were studied. When insecticides were sprayed downwards into the maize canopies, randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves led to great variations of droplet coverage and density within the canopies. Consequently, the efficacies of lambda-cyhalothrin and emamectin benzoate against ACB larvae were decreased because of randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves. But field investigation showed that lambda-cyhalothrin was extremely toxic to hunting spiders, Xysticus ephippiatus, and not suitable to IPM programs in regulation of the second generation of ACB. Therefore, randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves decreased lambda-cyhalothrin＇s efficacy against ACB larvae, but did little to decrease its toxicity to X. ephippiatus. Amamectin benzoate can reduce the populations of X. ephippiatus by 58.1-61.4%, but the populations can recover at the end of the experiment. Chlorantraniliprole was relatively safe to X. ephippiatus. It only reduced the populations of X. ephippiatus by 22.3-33.0%, and the populations can totally recover 9 d after application.

Virulence and mycotoxic effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on Mahogany shoot borer,Hypsipyla robusta(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)

Developing appropriate control measures for the Mahogany shoot borer, Hypsipyla robusta Moore has become increasingly important due to the severe damaging effect of the pest on the establishment of the saplings of Swietenia mahagoni Jacq （Sapindales： Meliaceae）. Existing management methods are largely limited to silvicultural practices and spraying of chemical insecticides. To identify a potential fungal biocontrol agent, we compared the virulence of six native and two standard ARSEF isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae Metsch. against this pest. The average survival time and conidial yield of IWST-Ma7 was higher （6.2 to 7.3 days and 4.9 to 4.7 x 105 conidia/ml） than the standards. Sig- nificant difference in sporulation on the cadavers between isolates, doses and incubation periods were substantiated for the selection of potential strain. The mycotoxic effects of crude soluble protein extract when in- corporated in the artificial diet, the ARSEF 2596 and ARSEF 3603 showed LDs0 value of 3.7% and 5.6%. However, IWST-Ma7 was highly lethal with significant lowest LDs0 value of 2.6%. The enzyme activity of IWST-Ma7 was highest for chitinase, CDA, protease and lipase viz., 1.90 U/mg, 1.80 U/mg, 0.98 U/mg and 0.80 U/mg respectively. However the enzyme activity of chitinase and Chitin deacetylase assay for all the isolates was significantly higher than protease and lipase activity. The ITS regions （5.8S rDNA and 28S rDNA） of seven isolates of M. anisopliae were amplified using the ITS1 and ITS4 primers which was a unique fragment of approximately 550 bp. Based on ITS regions, phy- logenetic tree have been constructed and the isolates have been grouped in to 5 clades. The virulence and mycotoxic effects of different isolates could rationally be used to employ them for the management of the mahogany borer.

Progress on Sex Pheromone Synthesis of Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee)

The progress on the components identification, synthesis methods （syn- thetic strategy of carbon chain increasing and synthetic strategy of carbon chain de- creasing） of Asian corn borer （Ostrinia fumacalis （Guenee）） sex pheromone was reviewed, which will provide a reference for the control of Asian corn borer.

Migratory flight of insect pests within a year-round distribution: European corn borer as a case study

Insect migratory flight differs fundamentally from most other kinds of flight behavior, in that it is non-appetitive. The adult is not searching for anything, and migratory flight is not terminated by encounters with potential resources. Many insect pests of agricultural crops are long-distance migrants, moving from lower latitudes where they overwinter to higher latitudes in the spring to exploit superabundant, but seasonally ephemeral, host crops. The migratory nature of these pests is somewhat easy to recognize because of their sudden appearance in areas where they had been absent only a day or two earlier. Many other serious pests survive hostile winter conditions by diapausing, and therefore do not require migration to move between overwintering and breeding ranges. Yet there is evidence of migratory behavior engaged in by several pest species that inhabit high latitudes year-round. In these cases, the consequences of migratory flight are not immediately noticeable at the population level, because migration takes place for the most part within their larger year-round distribution. Nevertheless, the potential population-level consequences can be quite important in the contexts of pest management and insect resistance management. As a case study, I review the evidence for migratory flight behavior by individual European corn borer adults, and discuss the importance of understanding it. The kind of migratory behavior posited for pest species inhabiting a permanent distribution may be more common than we realize.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of rice with the spider insecticidal gene conferring resistance to leaffolder and striped stem borer

Immature embryos of rice varieties "Xiushui11" and "Chunjiang 11" precultured for 4d were infected and transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101/pExT7 (containing the spider insecticidal gene). The resistant cant were transferred onto the differentiation medium and plants were regenerated. The transformation frequency reached 56%-72% measured as numbers of Geneticin (G418)-resistant calli produced and 36%-60% measured as numbers of transgenic plants regenerated, respectively. PCR and Southern blot analysis of transgenic plants confirmed that the T-DNA had been integrated into the rice genome. Insect bioassays using T1 transgenic plants indicated that the mortality of the leaffolder (Cnaphalocrasis medinalis) after 7d of leaf feeding reached 38%-61% and the corrected mortality of the striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) after 7d of leaf feeding reached 16%-75%. The insect bioassay results demonstrated that the transgenic plants expressing the spider insecticidal protein conferred enhanced resistance to these pests.