Constrained auxiliary particle filtering for bearings-only maneuvering target tracking

To track the nonlinear,non-Gaussian bearings-only maneuvering target accurately online,the constrained auxiliary particle filtering(CAPF)algorithm is presented.To restrict the samples into the feasible area,the soft measurement constraints are implemented into the update routine via the1 regularization.Meanwhile,to enhance the sampling diversity and efficiency,the target kinetic features and the latest observations are involved into the evolution.To take advantage of the past and the current measurement information simultaneously,the sub-optimal importance distribution is constructed as a Gaussian mixture consisting of the original and modified priors with the fuzzy weighted factors.As a result,the corresponding weights are more evenly distributed,and the posterior distribution of interest is approximated well with a heavier tailor.Simulation results demonstrate the validity and superiority of the CAPF algorithm in terms of efficiency and robustness.

Consecutive tracking for ballistic missile based on bearings-only during boost phase

This paper proposes a modified centralized shifted Rayleigh filter（MCSRF） algorithm for tracking boost phase of ballistic missile（BM） trajectory with a highly nonlinear dynamical model based on bearings-only.This paper contributes three folds.Firstly,the mathematical model of an MCSRF for multiple passive sensors is derived.Then,minimum entropy based onedimensional optimization search to adaptively adjust the probability of the different filters for real time state estimation is deployed.Finally,the unscented transform（UT） is introduced to resolve the asymmetric state estimation problem.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can consecutively track the BM precisely during the boost phase.In comparison with the unscented Kalman filter（UKF） algorithm,the proposed algorithm effectively reduces the tracking position and velocity root mean square（RMS） errors,which will make more sense for early precision interception.

A new algorithm of bearings-only multi-target tracking of bistatic system

Much research mainly focuses on the batch processing method （e.g. maximum likelihood method） when bearings-only multiple targets tracking of bistatic sonar system is considered. In this paper, the idea of recursive processing method is presented and employed, and corresponding data association algorithms, i.e. a multi-objective ant-colony-based optimization algorithm and an easy fast assignment algorithm are developed to solve the measurements-to-measurements and measurements-to-tracks data association problems of bistatic sonar system, respectively. Monte-Carlo simulations are induced to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Posterior Cramer-Rao lower bounds for multitarget bearings-only tracking

Usually, only the Cramer-Rao lower bound （CRLB） of single target is taken into consideration in the state estimate of passive tracking systems. As for the case of multitarget, there are few works done due to its complexity. The recursion formula of the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound （PCRLB） in multitarget bearings-only tracking with the three kinds of data association is presented. Meanwhile, computer simulation is carried out for data association. The final result shows that the accuracy probability of data association has an important impact on the PCRLB.

Adaptive Extended Kalman Filtering for Bearings-Only Targets Tracking Problem

An adaptive extended Kalman filtering (AEKF) is proposed for nonlinear control systems. For bearingsonly targets tracking problem, we present an adaptive extended Kalman filter which suits a nonlinear observation model and a linear dynamical model. Simulation results have shown that the adaptive extended Kalman filter for the passivetracking problem performs better than the original extended Kalman filter (EKF).

Ant colony optimization for bearings-only maneuvering target tracking in sensors network

In this paper, the problem of bearings-only maneuvering target tracking in sensors network is investigated. Two objectives are proposed and optimized by the ant colony optimization （ACO）, then two kinds of node searching strategies of the ACO algorithm are presented. On the basis of the nodes determined by the ACO algorithm, the interacting multiple models extended Kalman filter （IMMEKF） for the multi-sensor bearings-only maneuvering target tracking is introduced. Simulation results indicate that the proposed ACO algorithm performs better than the Closest Nodes method. Furthermore, the Strategy 2 of the two given strategies is preferred in terms of the requirement of real time.

Bearings-only fusion tracking for maneuvering target with wavelettransform in three dimensional space

A new fusion tracking algorithm is presented to track maneuvering target in three-dimensional (3D) space with bearings-only measurements. With the introduction of passive location and interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm based on multirate model, the high-rate sequence measurements of two sensors are utilized. Simulation results show that the performance of tracking has been improved. The new algorithm removes the barrier of processing high-rate bearings-only measurements.

Maximum correntropy-based pseudolinear Kalman filter for passive bearings-only target tracking

This paper proposes a new approach for solving the bearings-only target tracking (BoT) problem by introducing a maximum correntropy criterion to the pseudolinear Kalman filter (PLKF). PLKF has been a popular choice for solving BoT problems owing to the reduced computational complexity. However, the coupling between the measurement vector and pseudolinear noise causes bias in PLKF. To address this issue, a bias-compensated PLKF (BC-PLKF) under the assumption of Gaussian noise was formulated. However, this assumption may not be valid in most practical cases. Therefore, a bias-compensated PLKF with maximum correntropy criterion is introduced, resulting in two new filters: maximum correntropy pseudolinear Kalman filter (MC-PLKF) and maximum correntropy bias-compensated pseudolinear Kalman filter (MC-BC-PLKF). To demonstrate the performance of the proposed estimators, a comparative analysis assuming large outliers in the process and measurement model of 2D BoT is conducted. These large outliers are modeled as non-Gaussian noises with diverse noise distributions that combine Gaussian and Laplacian noises. The simulation results are validated using root mean square error (RMSE), average RMSE (ARMSE), percentage of track loss and bias norm. Compared to PLKF and BC-PLKF, all the proposed maximum correntropy-based filters (MC-PLKF and MC-BC-PLKF) performed with superior estimation accuracy.

一种H-bot追踪抓取式装箱机的分析与设计

为实现异形瓶的高效自动装箱,简述平面H-bot机构原理及其在追踪抓取式装箱机上的应用,通过分析机构的运动组合方式,将其简化为数学模型进行简要分析,推导出移动末端夹具位移分别与电机转角和电机角速度之间的运动关系矩阵表达式,和各阶段移动末端夹具移动与电机角速度的关系式,为程序设定机构运动轨迹参数提供理论依据。基于其机构运动原理分析得出伺服电机选型方法并依据实际数据计算伺服电机所需功率。实际运行结果得出,装箱过程产品破损率在0.05‰以内,单次装箱周期可缩短至4.8 s,效率提升约78%。研究为异形瓶自动化装箱提供参考。

改进的SRCDKF-PF算法及在BOT系统中的应用

针对纯方位目标跟踪(Bearing-Only Tracking,BOT)系统强非线性特点,提出一种新的解决方案:采用平方根中心差分卡尔曼滤波器(Square-RootCDKF,SRCDKF)产生粒子滤波提议分布,融入最新的观测数据影响;增加改进措施以提高滤波性能,如采用系统重抽样算法减少方差、应用马尔可夫链模特卡罗(Markovchain Monte Carlo,MCMC)方法消除粒子贫乏等。仿真表明该算法是有效的,针对当前BOT系统,比传统EKF、PF算法可靠性更好,跟踪精度更高。

Unscented粒子滤波器及其在纯方位跟踪中的应用

为处理纯方位跟踪(BOT)中的非线性问题,提出了一种Unscented粒子滤波(UPF)跟踪方法。在使用Unscented变换的基础上,利用UPF来加入最新的观测量并产生非线性粒子滤波(PF)的建议分布。结合纯方位跟踪模型,推导了UPF应用的具体算法步骤,使用匀速运动和机动目标两个BOT仿真实例,与其它滤波器进行了仿真对比,分析了跟踪性能和误差。仿真结果表明,对于纯方位跟踪问题,UPF不仅解决了扩展卡尔曼滤波器的线性化损失难题,而且与PF等粒子滤波器相比,具有更高的跟踪精度。

粒子滤波器的优化及在纯方位跟踪中的应用

为了克服粒子滤波在应用中由于建议分布函数选择不合理导致粒子数减少进而使其状态量失去多样性的问题,提出了改进建议分布的混合粒子滤波方法(UKPF)。首先,在粒子滤波的基础上融合进扩展卡尔曼滤波及无迹卡尔曼滤波;然后,融合后的新算法在计算建议概率密度分布时,粒子的产生充分考虑当前时刻的量测,利用所提混合算法来加入最新的观测量并产生粒子滤波的建议分布;最后,使得粒子的分布更加接近状态的后验概率密度,最大化地实现其滤波性能。仿真结果表明:对于纯方位跟踪问题,所提算法不仅解决了EKF的线性化损失问题及UKF在解决一般非高斯问题中建模的困难,而且与PF等粒子滤波器相比,具有更高的跟踪精度。

辐射源机动目标被动式鲁棒跟踪一种算法

为研究只测向目标跟踪系统在观测噪声为ε污染高斯分布背景下的辐射源机动目标鲁棒跟踪问题,提出一种简易而有效的变结构鲁棒跟踪算法.该算法由机动目标快速鲁棒检测器、变结构跟踪器(鲁棒MGEKF/PLKF)以及系统误差补偿等环节组成,能够在ε污染高斯分布背景下快速鲁棒检测和跟踪辐射源机动目标,同时根据系统误差特征可实时补偿系统跟踪误差.仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效解决辐射源机动目标鲁棒跟踪问题.

不完全量测下的水下纯方位系统目标跟踪算法

针对观测器探测概率小于1的不完全量测情况下的水下纯方位系统的目标跟踪问题,提出了不完全量测下的基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的目标跟踪算法。首先,建立不完全量测情况下的水下纯方位目标跟踪数学模型;其次,在数据出现不完全量测时,采用前一次的更新值对缺失数据进行弥补并完成滤波;最后,采用最优理论性能下界(CRLB)和均方根误差(RMSE)这两种评价准则对此算法进行评估。仿真实验结果表明:在不完全量测下的水下纯方位系统的目标跟踪问题中,所提出的基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的目标跟踪算法在保证预期跟踪精度的前提下,具有较高的实时性。

基于红外传感器方位跟踪算法的性能分析

针对项目需要,研究了当毫米波雷达/红外双模导引系统中的雷达系统不可用时,仅通过红外传感器的目标角度信息进行纯方位跟踪的卡尔曼滤波算法以提高系统的抗干扰能力。文中分析了扩展卡尔曼滤波器、伪线性估计器和基于修正球坐标系滤波器3种滤波方法用于解决此类问题的特点,并以纯方位跟踪的观察数据对上述算法进行了仿真。结果表明:扩展卡尔曼滤波器是一种不稳定的算法,在许多情况下是发散的;伪线性估计器稳定性较好,但产生的估计是有偏的;基于修正球坐标滤波解决了跟踪不稳定性问题,估计效果相对较好,具有一定的工程应用意义。

SUT-H_∞滤波在修正极坐标系与直角坐标系中纯方位跟踪对比研究

提出了SUT-H∞滤波算法,在修正极坐标系和直角坐标系中基于纯方位信息对目标实施跟踪。区别于以往的最小均方差为准则的估计方法,SUT-H∞利用了线性H∞鲁棒滤波准则。采用SUT线性化极坐标系的状态方程和直角坐标系的观测方程,并将其与线性H∞鲁棒滤波相结合,分别在两种坐标系下推导出SUT-H∞滤波算法。通过对MATLAB仿真结果进行对比分析,修正坐标系下的SUT-H∞滤波的稳定性和精度要优于直角坐标系下的SUT-H∞滤波。