Architecture of Dynamic Service Composition Using Logic Petri Nets

Services are preprocessed based on clustering techniques in the levels of function and similarily of services. Service clustering is modeled by means of the passing value indeterminacy of logic Petri nets. Thus service clustering can be described, and the services with indeterminacy parameters can be modeled formally. Thus service composition is investigated under the classified architecture of service clustering. The architecture of dynamic service composition is given, and logic Petri nets are used for service realization. Services can be combined rapidly and automatically, and the path of a composition service can be constructed by automatic inference.

On Composition Devices in Modernist Architecture： The Case of De Vore House and House II

This paper examines general composition problems in modernist architecture by means of a close analysis of the formal principles and devices at work in two exemplary mid twentieth century projects, De Vore House by Louis Kahn （1901-1974） and House II by Peter Eisenman （1932）. The goal of the paper is to inaugurate a larger research project into the design processes and spatial-formal effect at work in modernist architecture. The methodology is primarily visual, and postulates a range of form relationships for the creation and interpretation of works of architecture. Following an introduction to the research problem, an analysis of the case study projects is undertaken according to three themes： plan disposition, ambiguity in wall and column relations, and volume as impacting on movement. A concluding section summarizes the findings and suggests future lines of research. The paper＇s significance lays in its contributions to discussions around architectural practice at a specific moment in modernist architecture＇s mid twentieth century trajectory, to our understanding of a number of formal strategies and their resulting architectural effects, and to scholarship on the practice and theories of Kahn and Eisenman.

Composite Sand Bodies Architecture of Deep-Water Turbidite Channels in the Niger Delta Basin

Deep-water turbidite channels have attracted much attention as a focused issue in petroleum exploration and development. Extensive studies have been performed on the architecture of turbidite channels, and most researches have focused on their geometric shapes, sedimentary processes and controlling factors. However, little attention has been paid to the distribution patterns, distribution laws and quantitative studies of composite sand bodies of turbidite channels. Taken one slope area of the Niger Delta Basin as an example, this study conducted a semi-quantitative to quantitative analysis on architecture of composite sand bodies of turbidite channels based on cores, well logging and seismic surveys. It is shown that turbidite channel systems can be classified as confined and unconfined channel systems. For confined channel systems, the vertical evolution process involves four stages. The sinuosity of a channel system is controlled by slope, with a negative power function relationship between them. When slope gradient reaches four degrees, the channel system is nearly straight. Based on the migration direction and migration amount of single channels within channel complexes, channel composite patterns can be divided into four classes（the lateral composite, en-echelon composite, swing composite and vertical composite） and several subclasses. Various channel composite patterns show specific distribution laws spatially. For meandering channel complexes at the middle-late evolution stage of confined channel systems, the lateral migration amongst single channels shows the features of integrity and succession. The sinuosity of single channels in the late period is greater than that in the early period, and cut-offs may occur locally when the sinuosity is larger than five degrees. This study provides a better understanding for the geological theory of deep-water sedimentary, and also improves exploitation benefits of this type of reservoirs.

RESEARCH ON REUSE-BASED WEB SERVICES COMPOSITION

Objective To solve the three principal problems for reusing the software components, i.e., existence, discovery and availability principles, web services provided a new solution for reusing and assembling web software or components under distributed environment with a series of XML-based protocols. Methods A 4+1 meta-model between atomic services, such as Sequence, Parallelism, Alternation, Substitute and Iteration, and a kind of service composition description language in composition process are investigated. Furthermore, an architecture-based service composition model with Ontology Engine is proposed, which is based on the software architecture life-cycle model and provides a mechanism for services composition with dynamic management and deployment. Results The results of the prototype system development show that the service-composed application not only reused the web service components, but also reused the data resources located in distributed databases. Conclusion The method of reused-based web services composition observably decreases the period and cost of development and greatly improves the programming efficiency.

A Service Composition Approach Based on Sequence Mining for Migrating E-learning Legacy System to SOA

With the fast development of business logic and information technology, today＇s best solutions are tomorrow＇s legacy systems. In China, the situation in the education domain follows the same path. Currently, there exists a number of e-learning legacy assets with accumulated practical business experience, such as program resource, usage behaviour data resource, and so on. In order to use these legacy assets adequately and efficiently, we should not only utilize the explicit assets but also discover the hidden assets. The usage behaviour data resource is the set of practical operation sequences requested by all users. The hidden patterns in this data resource will provide users＇ practical experiences, which can benefit the service composition in service-oriented architecture （SOA） migration. Namely, these discovered patterns will be the candidate composite services （coarse-grained） in SOA systems. Although data mining techniques have been used for software engineering tasks, little is known about how they can be used for service composition of migrating an e-learning legacy system （MELS） to SOA. In this paper, we propose a service composition approach based on sequence mining techniques for MELS. Composite services found by this approach will be the complementation of business logic analysis results of MELS. The core of this approach is to develop an appropriate sequence mining algorithm for mining related data collected from an e-learning legacy system. According to the features of execution trace data on usage behaviour from this e-learning legacy system and needs of further pattern analysis, we propose a sequential mining algorithm to mine this kind of data of tile legacy system. For validation, this approach has been applied to the corresponding real data, which was collected from the e-learning legacy system; meanwhile, some investigation questionnaires were set up to collect satisfaction data. The investigation result is 90% the same with the result obtained through our approach.

MDCHeS: Model-Driven Dynamic Composition of Heterogeneous Service

Web Service Composition provides an opportunity for enterprises to increase the ability to adapt themselves to frequent changes in users' requirements by integrating existing services. Our research has focused on proposing a framework to support dynamic composition and to use both SOAP-based and RESTful Web services simultaneously in composite services. In this paper a framework called "Model-driven Dynamic Composition of Heterogeneous Service" (MDCHeS) is introduced. It is elaborated in three different ways;each represents a particular view of the framework: data view, which consists of a Meta model and composition elements as well their relationships;process view, which introduces composition phases and used models in each phase;and component view, which shows an abstract view of the components and their interactions. In order to increase the dynamicity of MDCHeS framework, Model Driven Architecture and proxy based ideas are used.

Neighborhood Search Based Improved Bat Algorithm for Web Service Composition

Web services are provided as reusable software components in the services-oriented architecture.More complicated composite services can be combined from these components to satisfy the user requirements represented as a workflow with specified Quality of Service(QoS)limitations.The workflow consists of tasks where many services can be considered for each task.Searching for optimal services combination and optimizing the overall QoS limitations is a Non-deterministic Polynomial(NP)-hard problem.This work focuses on the Web Service Composition(WSC)problem and proposes a new service composition algorithm based on the micro-bats behavior while hunting the prey.The proposed algorithm determines the optimal combination of the web services to satisfy the complex user needs.It also addresses the Bat Algorithm(BA)shortcomings,such as the tradeoff among exploration and exploitation searching mechanisms,local optima,and convergence rate.The proposed enhancement includes a developed cooperative and adaptive population initialization mechanism.An elitist mechanism is utilized to address the BA convergence rate.The tradeoff between exploration and exploitation is handled through a neighborhood search mechanism.Several benchmark datasets are selected to evaluate the proposed bat algorithm’s performance.The simulation results are estimated using the average fitness value,the standard deviation of the fitness value,and an average of the execution time and compared with four bat-inspired algorithms.It is observed from the simulation results that introduced enhancement obtains significant results.

Software Composition Using Behavioral Models of Design Patterns

Given a set of requirements structured as design problems, we can apply design patterns to solve each problem individually. Much of the published literature on design patterns addresses this problem—pattern association;however, there is no systematic and practical way that shows how to integrate those individual solutions together. We propose a compositional model based on design patterns by abstracting their behavioral model using role modeling constructs. This approach describes how to transform a design pattern into a role model that can be used to assemble a software application. The role model captures the behavioral relationship between participant components in the design pattern. Our approach offers a complete practical design and implementation strategies, adapted from DCI (Data, Context, and Interaction) architecture. We demonstrate our technique by presenting a simple case study complete with design and implementation code. We also present a simple to follow process that provides guidelines of what to do and how to do it.

A Workflow-Based Failure Recovery in Web Services Composition

In previous researches in the field of supporting reliability and fault tolerance in web service composition, only low level programming constructs such as exception handling (for example in WSBPEL) were considered. However we believe that the reliability and fault tolerance for composite services must be handled at a higher level of abstraction, i.e. at the workflow level. Therefore a language and technology independent method for fault-tolerant composition of web services is needed. To do this, a fault tolerant workflow is built in which the execution order of the services is determined such that upon a service failure a recovery process with the lowest cost is started. The cost of a service failure includes the cost of failed service and the total costs of roll-baking the previously executed services which are dependent on the failed service. In this article a FSP language is applied to formally specify the workflow.

Ablation properties of C/C composites with various needled preforms prepared by isothermal chemical vapor infiltration

The ablation properties of C/C composites with four different needled preforms prepared by isothermal chemical vapor infiltration （ICVI）, which are super-thin mat lay-up, 0°/90° weftless fabric lay-up, 0°/45° weftless fabric lay-up and 0°/45° twill fabric lay-up, were quantitatively evaluated by performing the ablation tests with an engine torch. And their ablation discrepancies were analyzed according to the surface characteristic, porosity and thermal diffusivity. The results show that the 0°/45° weftless composite has a fiat eroded surface with no obvious macroscopic pits. Its thickness and mass erosion rates are decreased by about 46.8% and 34.8%, 25.0% and 27.5%, and 17.5% and 19.4% compared with those of the mat, the 0°/90° weftless and the 0°/45° twill composites, respectively. The ablation properties are mainly controlled by the thermo-chemical effect （oxidation）, and a little by the thermo-mechanical effect （mechanical denudation）. The needling fiber bundles play an important role in accelerating the ablation process and resulting in the heterogeneous ablation.

Bioinspired fish-scale-like magnesium composites strengthened by contextures of continuous titanium fibers:Lessons from nature

Natural fish scales demonstrate outstanding mechanical efficiency owing to their elaborate architectures and thereby may serve as ideal prototypes for the architectural design of man-made materials.Here bioinspired magnesium composites with fish-scale-like orthogonal plywood and double-Bouligand architectures were developed by pressureless infiltration of a magnesium melt into the woven contextures of continuous titanium fibers.The composites exhibit enhanced strength and work-hardening ability compared to those estimated from a simple mixture of their constituents at ambient to elevated temperatures.In particular,the double-Bouligand architecture can effectively deflect cracking paths,alleviate strain localization,and adaptively reorient titanium fibers within the magnesium matrix during the deformation of the composite,representing a successful implementation of the property-optimizing mechanisms in fish scales.The strength of the composites,specifically the effect of their bioinspired architectures,was interpreted based on the adaptation of classical laminate theory.This study may offer a feasible approach for developing new bioinspired metal-matrix composites with improved performance and provide theoretical guidance for their architectural designs.

“Composition”and regularisation of architectural production in contemporary China

The purpose of this paper is to explore how the“Beaux-Arts”“composition”sustained the constitution of design principles for architectural production in China in the last two decades of the twentieth century.“Composition”,a key technique of the“Beaux-Arts”system,is not a simple act of“putting elements together”into a unified whole,but also relates to an array of different“constructions”of architectural knowledge which regulate and sustain the act of design.Through analysing the structure of three“textbooks”published in the early 1980s,this paper examines three aspects of the“constructions”:the setting up of the principles for governing architectural forms,regularisation of design methods and approaches for architectural practice,and the construction of a“tradition”for the expression of“Chineseness”.

Analysis on the Space and Architecture of the Bai Settlement in Erhai Area Under the Influence of Han Culture

The influence of the Han culture on the Bai culture in Dali is the greatest and the most profound during the course of the historical development of China for thousands of years. The blending of the Han culture and the Bai culture is a distinctive feature the Bai culture, which is obviously seen in the location and layout as well as the composition and structure of the settlement and architecture of the Bai nationality in the Erhai area of Dali. Additionally, the Bai nationality in Erhai area conformed to nature and adopted nature to create the unique culture and settlement landscape based on the absorption of the cultural thoughts such as the golden mean, respect for seniority and the harmony between man and nature, as well as the advanced skills of the Han nationality. This paper further emphasized the characteristics and laws of Bai culture through the analysis of the Han culture elements in the space and architecture of the Bai settlement in the Erhai area of Dali. It is hoped that this study can provide references for the protection and development of the Bai settlement.

Prolegomena for a Living Architecture

Rational and intuitive can be considered as two sides of the same coin? If they coexist in the design process,what do they refer to and what do they stand out for? What kind of relationship can be established between the act of prefiguring the work and of putting it into operation,according to procedures and techniques that are coherent and necessary for its construction? The value of an architectural project is shown by its being a continuous search for expression of art,even if,as we know,architecture also has a social function and plays a civil role.The universal meanings and the cultural reference context,which have always been the heritage of the architectural project,are increasingly taking on a secondary value.Issues and concepts such as:tradition,memory,modernity,invention and location seem to have lost any research prerogative at the expense of the meaning and use attributed to the architectural and urban composition in the overall design process.

Development of covalent-organic frameworks derived hierarchical porous hollow carbon spheres based LiOH composites for thermochemical heat storage

Under the joint assistance of its excellent storage strength, accessible long storage lifespan, and high heat utilization efficiency, salt hydrate-based thermochemical heat storage(THS) materials give renewable energy an important outlet to alleviate the pressure of underutilization. Herein, an activated hollow spherical carbon(AHSC) with hierarchical porous architectures converted from covalent-organic frameworks(COFs) is constructed and utilized as the supporting matrix for Li OH.THS composite material for the first time. The obtained Li/AHSC_(3) composites have distinguished hydration performance while manifesting impressive storage ability up to 1916.4 k J kg^(-1)with low operating temperature stemming from the collective effect of the void spherical framework, multimodal porosity, and high surface area of AHSC3. And the Li/AHSC3-40 composite with evidently progressed thermal conductivity is capable of realizing 94.5% heat preservation after twenty-five adsorption-desorption cycles, exhibiting its eminent cyclability and great heat transfer performance. This study not only brings new hope for overcoming the underutilization of low-grade heat but also may enlighten new ideas for enriching the application scenarios of COFs-derived carbonaceous materials.

A Tile Logic Based Approach for Software Architecture Description Analysis

A main advantage of Architecture Description Languages (ADL) is their aptitude to facilitate formal analysis and verification of complex software architectures. Since some researchers try to extend them by new techniques, we show in this paper how the use of tile logic as extension of rewriting logic can enforce the ability of existing ADL formalisms to cope with hierarchy and composition features which are more and more present in such software architectures. In order to cover ADL key and generic concepts, our approach is explained through LfP (Language for rapid Prototyping) as ADL offering the possibility to specify the hierarchical behaviour of software components. Then, our contribution goal is to exploit a suitable logic that allows reasoning naturally about software system behaviour, possibly hierarchical and modular, in terms of its basic components and their interactions.

地震构型分析方法在胜坨油田辫状河储层表征中的应用

辫状河沉积砂体储层内部的复杂结构是控制砂体连通性的根本原因,它制约了碎屑沉积储层的剩余油开发。以往依靠井数据的砂体构型表征精度取决于井控程度,井间预测由于缺乏数据支持而存在不确定性。因此,砂体构型精细表征的关键在于使用地震数据进行井间预测。研究表明,通过划分复合心滩坝砂体的单井构型相,结合地震正演分析确定地震可辨识构型模式,利用地震构型分析方法预测地震构型相和构型边界的平面分布特征,能够为井间预测提供客观数据支持。

建筑铝合金模板的表面改性与耐蚀耐磨性能研究

为了提升建筑铝合金模板的表面耐蚀性和耐磨性,在6061铝合金模板表面制备了聚氨酯/Al(Ni基非晶合金)涂层,研究了Ni基非晶合金粉替代Al粉比例对复合涂层表面形貌、截面形貌、硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:随着Ni基非晶合金粉替代率的升高,复合涂层表面孔洞数量减少,孔洞等缺陷所占面积分数有所减小,不同Ni基非晶合金粉体积分数的复合涂层的厚度都约为125μm。在涂层中加入Ni基非晶合金粉后,复合涂层的显微硬度、耐磨性有不同程度提高,与基体的结合强度有不同程度减小,且随着复合涂层中Ni基非晶合金粉体积分数的增加,复合涂层的显微硬度逐渐增大,与基体的结合强度和磨损率逐渐减小。添加Ni基非晶合金粉的复合涂层的腐蚀速率都小于未添加Ni基非晶合金粉的T0涂层,且Ni基非晶合金粉体积分数为45%的复合涂层具有较高的硬度、耐磨性及最佳耐蚀性能。

传承文化的城市活力胜境——安徽省文化馆新馆和非物质文化遗产展示馆方案设计思考

随着政策的推动和传统非遗文化保护需要,文化馆和非物质文化遗产博物馆等文化建筑逐渐演变成一种开放、复合、共享、生态的传统文化学习和日常交往场所。作为一种文化馆和非遗馆两馆合一的项目类型,文章回顾和分析了安徽省文化馆新馆和非遗馆项目的设计思路,并从中总结出能帮助文化馆及非遗馆成为文化、自然、城市活力共构的文化场所的设计策略,为文化馆及非遗博物馆等多馆合一类文化场所的设计提供有益的借鉴与启发。

厦门传统渔村聚落的比较研究——以集美大社和沙坡尾为例

我国沿海存在许多渔村聚落,在城市化进程中,传统渔村聚落的面貌不断更新。文章以厦门的集美大社和沙坡尾为例,通过地方文献、口述访谈、历史地图等方法,研究其两地人口构成、血缘地缘、街巷生长、建筑肌理和商业模式等因素,分析了血缘渔村和地缘渔村的形成本质与演变过程,为城市化进程中如何保留原有生态提供了分析范例与思考方向,提出要保护其街巷和建筑肌理,保护生态文化,避免过度开发。