LOCAL AND PARALLEL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE MIXED NAVIER-STOKES/DARCY MODEL WITH BEAVERS-JOSEPH INTERFACE CONDITIONS

In this paper, we consider the mixed Navier-Stokes/Darcy model with BeaversJoseph interface conditions. Based on two-grid discretizations, a local and parallel finite element algorithm for this mixed model is proposed and analyzed. Optimal errors are obtained and numerical experiments are presented to show the efficiency and effectiveness of the local and parallel finite element algorithm.

Oscillation properties of eigenfunctions for Sturm-Liouville problems with interface conditions via Prufer transformation

A class of Sturm-Liouville problems with discontinuity is studied in this paper.The oscillation properties of eigenfunctions for Sturm-Liouville problems with interface conditions are obtained.The main method used in this paper is based on Prufer transformation,which is different from the classical ones.Moreover,we give two examples to verify our main results.

Boundary Conditions for Momentum and Vorticity at an Interface between Two Fluids

Boundary conditions for momentum and vorticity have been precisely derived, paying attention to the physical meaning of each mathematical expression of terms rigorously obtained from the basic equations: Navier-Stokes equation and the equation of vorticity transport. It has been shown first that a contribution of fluid molecules crossing over a conceptual surface moving with fluid velocity due to their fluctuating motion is essentially important to understanding transport phenomena of momentum and vorticity. A notion of surface layers, which are thin layers at both sides of an interface, has been introduced next to elucidate the transporting mechanism of momentum and vorticity from one phase to the other at an interface through which no fluid molecules are crossing over. A fact that a size of δV, in which reliable values of density, momentum, and velocity of fluid are respectively defined as a volume-averaged mass of fluid molecules, a volume-averaged momentum of fluid molecules and a mass-averaged velocity of fluid molecules, is not infinitesimal but finite has been one of the key factors leading to the boundary conditions for vorticity at an interface between two fluids. The most distinguished characteristics of the boundary conditions derived here are the zero-value conditions for a normal component of momentum flux and tangential components of vorticity flux, at an interface.

Compression failure conditions of concrete-granite combined body with different roughness interface

Bedrock and concrete lining are typical composite structures in the engineering field and the stability of the geological body and engineering body is directly connected to the mechanical properties of the composite body.Under this background,the study provides the transverse isotropic equivalent model of concrete-granite double-layer composite based on the notion of strain energy equivalence.Assuming that the strength failure of concrete and granite meets the Mohr-Coulomb criterion,then the strength failure model of the combined body considering the joint roughness coefficient(JRC)is derived,and the influences of JRC,the height ratio of concrete to granite,and confining pressure on the strength failure characteristics of the combined body are emphatically analyzed.Finally,the model applicability is illustrated by the uniaxial and triaxial compression tests on concrete monomer,granite monomer and concretegranite composite samples(CGCSs)with different JRCs.The results revealed that the compressive strength of the composite is closer to the concrete with lower strength in the combined body under different confining pressures.Adding interface roughness causes to raise the compressive strength of the composite due to interfacial adhesion between concrete and granite,and a slowing growth trend is observed in compressive strength as roughness.The model can provide a certain reference for the stability design and evaluation of engineering rock mass.

Defect and interface engineering for electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction under ambient conditions

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(e-NRR)under ambient conditions is an emerging strategy to tackle the hydrogen-and energy-intensive operations for traditional Haber-Bosch process in industrial ammonia(NH_(3))synthesis.However,the e-NRR performance is currently impeded by the inherent inertness of N_(2) molecules,the extremely slow kinetics and the overwhelming competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),all of which cause unsatisfied yield and ammonia selectivity(Faradaic efficiency,FE).Defect and interface engineering are capable of achieving novel physical and chemical properties as well as superior synergistic effects for various electrocatalysts.In this review,we first provide a general introduction to the NRR mechanism.We then focus on the recent progress in defect and interface engineering and summarize how defect and interface can be rationally designed and functioned in NRR catalysts.Particularly,the origin of superior NRR catalytic activity by applying these approaches was discussed from both theoretical and experimental perspectives.Finally,the remaining challenges and future perspectives in this emerging area are highlighted.It is expected that this review will shed some light on designing NRR electrocatalysts with excellent activity,selectivity and stability.

A Simple FEM for Solving Two-Dimensional Diffusion Equation with Nonlinear Interface Jump Conditions

In this paper,we propose a numerical method for solving parabolic interface problems with nonhomogeneous flux jump condition and nonlinear jump condition.The main idea is to use traditional finite element method on semi-Cartesian mesh coupled with Newton’s method to handle nonlinearity.It is easy to implement even though variable coefficients are used in the jump condition instead of constant in previous work for elliptic interface problem.Numerical experiments show that our method is about second order accurate in the L1 norm.

Immersed Interface Finite Element Methods for Elasticity Interface Problems with Non-Homogeneous Jump Conditions

In this paper,a class of new immersed interface finite element methods (IIFEM) is developed to solve elasticity interface problems with homogeneous and non-homogeneous jump conditions in two dimensions.Simple non-body-fitted meshes are used.For homogeneous jump conditions,both non-conforming and conforming basis functions are constructed in such a way that they satisfy the natural jump conditions. For non-homogeneous jump conditions,a pair of functions that satisfy the same non-homogeneous jump conditions are constructed using a level-set representation of the interface.With such a pair of functions,the discontinuities across the interface in the solution and flux are removed;and an equivalent elasticity interface problem with homogeneous jump conditions is formulated.Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate that such methods have second order convergence.

The Algebraic Immersed Interface and Boundary Method for Elliptic Equations with Jump Conditions

A new simple fictitious domain method, the algebraic immersed interface and boundary (AIIB) method, is presented for elliptic equations with immersed interface conditions. This method allows jump conditions on immersed interfaces to be discretized with a good accuracy on a compact stencil. Auxiliary unknowns are created at existing grid locations to increase the degrees of freedom of the initial problem. These auxiliary unknowns allow imposing various constraints to the system on interfaces of complex shapes. For instance, the method is able to deal with immersed interfaces for elliptic equations with jump conditions on the solution or discontinuous coefficients with a second order of spatial accuracy. As the AIIB method acts on an algebraic level and only changes the problem matrix, no particular attention to the initial discretization is required. The method can be easily implemented in any structured grid code and can deal with immersed boundary problems too. Several validation problems are presented to demonstrate the interest and accuracy of the method.

A smartcard conditional access interface scheme for conditional access subsystem separation in digital TV broadcasting

Conditional access system (CAS) is a key technical component in digital TV broadcasting through which TV op-erators manage the appropriate rights of different subscribers in order to protect their commercial benefits. The normal digital TV receiver can only receive and decode the pay TV programs scrambled by one specific CAS. In this paper, the authors proposed a smartcard conditional access interface (SCAI) scheme in order to make the digital TV receiver be a common receiving platform independent of any specific CAS employed at the broadcasting head-end. As a result, it only needs to include a common condi-tional access software package (CCAP) without any requirement of hardware modification in the receiver. Comparison between the two mentioned DVB-CI-based schemes showed that the cost of such kind receiver is greatly reduced. The main design points of the proposed scheme and its reference implementation’s architecture are presented in this paper. This scheme is also one of the candidate national standards for Chinese digital TV broadcasting industry.

A Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Periodic Boundary Condition in the Bending Process of Ag／Ni Composite Interfaces

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Absorbing Interface Conditions for the Simulation of Wave Propagation on Non-Uniform Meshes

We proposed absorbing interface conditions for the simulation of linear wave propagation on non-uniform meshes.Based on the superposition principle of second-order linear wave equations,we decompose the interface condition problem into two subproblems around the interface:for the first one the conventional artificial absorbing boundary conditions is applied,while for the second one,the local analytic solutions can be derived.The proposed interface conditions permit a two-way transmission of low-frequency waves across mesh interfaces which can be supported by both coarse and fine meshes,and perform a one-way absorption of high-frequency waves which can only be supported by fine meshes when they travel from fine mesh regions to coarse ones.Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed absorbing interface conditions.

A Finite Volume Method Preserving Maximum Principle for the Conjugate Heat Transfer Problems with General Interface Conditions

In this paper,we present a unified finite volume method preserving discrete maximum principle(DMP)for the conjugate heat transfer problems with general interface conditions.We prove the existence of the numerical solution and the DMP-preserving property.Numerical experiments show that the nonlinear iteration numbers of the scheme in[24]increase rapidly when the interfacial coefficients decrease to zero.In contrast,the nonlinear iteration numbers of the unified scheme do not increase when the interfacial coefficients decrease to zero,which reveals that the unified scheme is more robust than the scheme in[24].The accuracy and DMP-preserving property of the scheme are also veri ed in the numerical experiments.

Ultrafast metal oxide reduction at Pd/PdO_(2) interface enables onesecond hydrogen gas detection under ambient conditions

Here,we report a Pd/PdO_(x) sensing material that achieves 1-s detection of 4% H_(2) gas(i.e.,the lower explosive limit concentration for H_(2))at room temperature in air.The Pd/PdO_(x) material is a network of interconnected nanoscopic domains of Pd,PdO,and PdO_(2).Upon exposure to 4% H_(2),PdO and PdO_(2) in the Pd/PdO_(x) are immediately reduced to metallic Pd,generating over a>90% drop in electrical resistance.The mechanistic study reveals that the Pd/PdO_(2) interface in Pd/PdOx is responsible for the ultrafast PdO_(x) reduction.Metallic Pd at the Pd/PdO_(2) interface enables fast H_(2) dissociation to adsorbed H atoms,significantly lowering the PdO2 reduction barrier.In addition,control experiments suggest that the interconnectivity of Pd,PdO,and PdO2 in our Pd/PdO_(x) sensing material further facilitates the reduction of PdO,which would otherwise not occur.The 1-s response time of Pd/PdO_(x) under ambient conditions makes it an excellent alarm for the timely detection of hydrogen gas leaks.

医疗脑机接口技术的法律规制

区别于其他大脑神经技术和传统治疗方法,通过脑机接口技术可以传输、解读和记录神经数据。神经数据经过解码不仅可以反映健康信息,还可以揭露思想隐私。另外,脑机接口技术可以通过刺激直接干预患者的情绪、思想、甚至行为。对于医疗脑机接口技术应该适度规制,需要兼顾生命身体健康权和人性尊严法益,神经数据合理利用和隐私保护。具体规.制路径包括:对医疗脑机接口技术研究进行严格的伦理审查,对脑机接口医疗器械进行特殊的审批监管,对知情同意的履行进行特别的程序保障,对神经数据进行专门的立法保护。

复杂等离子体光子晶体能带结构计算

等离子体光子晶体是由等离子体和其他介电材料或者真空构成的,具有周期性结构,其可调控的带隙特性使得等离子体光子晶体在滤波器、等离子体隐身衣和等离子体透镜等军事医学器件制造上具有广泛的应用。因此,通过改变等离子体的密度、温度等参数来获取满足特定需求的能带结构特性便有着非常重要的意义。基于上述考虑,提出Petrov-Galerkin有限元计算方法来求解并分析等离子体光子晶体的带隙特性。该方法的核心思想是构造在边界上系数互为倒数的基函数和测试函数所构成的空间,在消除边界上积分的同时降低自由度。采用的网格为半笛卡尔投影网格,该网格能适应复杂等离子体柱形状。在建立弱形式时将界面非线性连续条件线性化,简化了界面积分项的处理。通过绘制数值算例的能带结构图,分析验证了等离子体电子密度、等离子体光子晶体柱的填充率和形状等因素对带隙宽度、带隙位置、耦合带隙以及截止频率造成的影响,从而实现等离子体光子晶体能带结构的可调控性。

颗粒级配和表面纹理对饱和砂-钢界面剪切强度的影响

钢桩和钢制吸力基础广泛应用于海洋工程,土体与基础结构界面力学特性决定着其承载能力。通过饱和砂-钢界面排水剪切试验,揭示了颗粒级配、表面纹理和法向边界条件对界面剪切特性的影响规律。研究表明:由于颗粒剪切方式和孔隙水压力消散方式的不同,常法向应力(CNL)下剪应力-位移曲线出现明显的应变软化现象。变法向应力(VNL)下,界面剪切强度随法向应力的增大不断提高。对于光滑和凸起构造,界面摩擦角随不均匀系数C_(u)的增加基本呈线性增长。对于凹槽构造,界面摩擦角随C_(u)的增加而减小。饱和砂-粗糙度钢板界面剪切效能的发挥受水的影响显著,砂与钢板之间水膜的存在减弱了砂颗粒和钢界面的摩擦,使得界面摩擦性能不能完全发挥。

Predicting impact forces on pipelines from deep-sea fluidized slides:A comprehensive review of key factors

Deep-sea pipelines play a pivotal role in seabed mineral resource development,global energy and resource supply provision,network communication,and environmental protection.However,the placement of these pipelines on the seabed surface exposes them to potential risks arising from the complex deep-sea hydrodynamic and geological environment,particularly submarine slides.Historical incidents have highlighted the substantial damage to pipelines due to slides.Specifically,deep-sea fluidized slides(in a debris/mud flow or turbidity current physical state),characterized by high speed,pose a significant threat.Accurately assessing the impact forces exerted on pipelines by fluidized submarine slides is crucial for ensuring pipeline safety.This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in understanding pipeline impact forces caused by fluidized deep-sea slides,thereby identifying key factors and corresponding mechanisms that influence pipeline impact forces.These factors include the velocity,density,and shear behavior of deep-sea fluidized slides,as well as the geometry,stiffness,self-weight,and mechanical model of pipelines.Additionally,the interface contact conditions and spatial relations were examined within the context of deep-sea slides and their interactions with pipelines.Building upon a thorough review of these achievements,future directions were proposed for assessing and characterizing the key factors affecting slide impact loading on pipelines.A comprehensive understanding of these results is essential for the sustainable development of deep-sea pipeline projects associated with seabed resource development and the implementation of disaster prevention measures.

开挖条件对不同基覆界面滑坡堆积体稳定性影响

目的 研究开挖条件对不同基覆界面形态滑坡堆积体稳定性影响,为滑坡堆积体大规模开挖方案提供参考。方法 利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对类直线形和椅形基覆界面滑坡堆积体进行数值模拟,分析开挖前后的滑坡体变形特征;随后通过模拟正交试验分析开挖参数对滑坡堆积体稳定性影响规律,最终得出最优开挖方案。结果 类直线形基覆界面滑坡堆积体最优开挖组合是开挖点至坡脚水平距离150 m、开挖建筑平台宽度20 m、开挖角度110°、相邻开挖平台垂直高度7.5 m;椅形基覆界面滑坡堆积体的最优开挖方案是开挖点至坡脚水平距离250 m、开挖建筑平台宽度25 m、开挖角度130°、相邻开挖平台垂直高度15 m。结论 基覆界面形态对开挖方案的选取及边坡稳定性影响显著,类直线形基覆界面宜选取在滑坡体中部开挖,而椅形基覆界面宜选取在滑坡体后缘开挖。

炸药压制成型机参数采集系统开发

为进一步实现质量控制与安全生产,研制一套炸药压机参数实时采集系统。基于压机控制系统和传感器,利用高级语言编程从压制过程实时读取相关参数并在人机界面显示,操作人员可实时观测压制过程的工作参数,以便自适应调整参数控制药柱质量、监测压机运行状态并做应急预案。结果表明:该压机参数采集系统性能稳定、操作简单方便,满足参数采集、存储、显示功能。

反应性射流中湍流/非湍流界面附近标量输运特性

湍流/非湍流界面(turbulent/non-turbulent interface,T/NTI)层分隔开湍流区和非湍流区,研究T/NTI有利于加深对湍流区和非湍流区之间传质的理解。通过开展射流和环境流间发生二级非平衡基元反应(A+B→R)流场的数值模拟,研究了该流场中各组分在T/NTI附近的化学反应和标量输运特性。研究结果表明:反应性射流流场中对流项在湍流区域的标量输运中占主导地位。射流的上游处化学反应较为剧烈且随着流向逐渐减弱,在T/NTI层内及其附近均存在显著的化学反应,而下游T/NTI层附近的化学反应主要发生在远离T/NTI层的湍流核心区。在T/NTI层附近,反应物A和生成物R的输运机制呈现类似但相反的趋势。在无旋边界附近,反应物A和生成物R的输运主要由扩散和对流作用共同影响,但其浓度几乎不随时间发生变化。在T/NTI层内,反应物B的输运主要由对流作用影响,T/NTI附近的流动阻碍化学反应后所余较少的反应物B向无旋边界输运。