Seeing beneath the surface:Harnessing point-of-care ultrasound for internal jugular vein evaluation

Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)of the internal jugular vein(IJV)offers a noninvasive means of estimating right atrial pressure(RAP),especially in cases where the inferior vena cava is inaccessible or unreliable due to conditions such as liver disease or abdominal surgery.While many clinicians are familiar with visually assessing jugular venous pressure through the internal jugular vein,this method lacks sensitivity.The utilization of POCUS significantly enhances the visualization of the vein,leading to a more accurate identification.It has been demonstrated that combining IJV POCUS with physical examination enhances the specificity of RAP estimation.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the various sonographic techniques available for estimating RAP from the internal jugular vein,drawing upon existing data.

Bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common liver disease in the United States.While the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines define NAFLD as hepatic steatosis detected either on histology or imaging without a secondary cause of abnormal hepatic fat accumulation,no imaging modality is recommended as standard of care for screening or diagnosis.Bedside ultrasound has been evaluated as a non-invasive method of diagnosing NAFLD with the presence of characteristic sonographic findings.Prior studies suggest characteristic sonographic findings for NAFLD include bright hepatic echoes,increased hepatorenal echogenicity,vascular blurring of portal or hepatic vein and subcutaneous tissue thickness.These sonographic characteristics have not been shown to aid bedside clinicians easily identify potential cases of NAFLD.While sonographic findings such as attenuation of image,diffuse echogenicity,uniform heterogeneous liver,thick subcutaneous depth,and enlarged liver filling of the entire field could be identifiedby clinicians from bedside ultrasound.The accessibility,ease of use,and low-side effect profile of ultrasound make bedside ultrasound an appealing imaging modality in the detection of hepatic steatosis.When used with appropriate clinical risk factors and steatosis involves greater than 33%of the liver,ultrasound can reliably diagnose NAFLD.Despite the ability of ultrasound in detecting moderate hepatic steatosis,it cannot replace liver biopsy in staging the degree of fibrosis.The purpose of this review is to examine the diagnostic accuracy,utility,and limitations of ultrasound in the diagnosis of NAFLD and its potential use by clinicians in routine practices.

Comparative study for predictability of type 1 gastric variceal rebleeding after endoscopic variceal ligation:High-frequency intraluminal ultrasound study

BACKGROUND The efficacy of endoscopic ultrasonography for the follow-up of gastric varices treated with endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL)has not been established.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic correlation of esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)and high-frequency intraluminal ultrasound(HFIUS)for type 1 gastric varices(GOV1)after EVL and to identify the predictability for rebleeding of EGD and HFIUS.METHODS In liver cirrhosis patients with GOV1,we performed endoscopic follow-up using EGD and HFIUS synchronously after EVL for hemorrhage from GOV1.Endoscopic grading and red color signs were analyzed using EGD,and the largest variceal cross-sectional areas were measured using HFIUS.In addition,1-year follow-up was performed.Variceal rebleeding was defined as the presence of hematemesis,hematochezia,or melena without other evidence of bleeding on endoscopic follow-up.RESULTS In 26 patients with GOV1,variceal cross-sectional areas on HFIUS of GOV1 was poorly correlated with EGD grading of GOV1(r=0.36).In 17 patients who completed the 1-year follow-up,variceal cross-sectional areas on HFIUS was a good predictor of subsequent rebleeding,whereas EGD grading was not a predictor of subsequent rebleeding.CONCLUSION HFIUS measurement is more predictive of GOV1 rebleeding than EGD grading,so HFIUS measurement may be necessary for endoscopic follow-up after EVL in patients with GOV1.

A feasibility study to determine if minimally trained medical students can identify markers of chronic parasitic infection using bedside ultrasound in rural Tanzania

BACKGROUND: Parasitic infections pose a significant health risk in developing nations and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the Republic of Tanzania, the CDC estimates that 51.5% of the population is infected with one or more intestinal parasites. If diagnosed early, the consequences of chronic parasitic infection can potentially be avoided.METHODS: Six first-year medical students were recruited to enroll patients in the study. They underwent ten hours of formal, hands-on, ultrasound which included basic cardiac, hepatobiliary, renal, pulmonary and FAST scan ultrasound. A World Health Organization protocol with published grading scales was adapted and used to assess for pathology in each patient's liver, bladder, kidneys, and spleen.RESULTS: A total of 59 patients were enrolled in the study. Students reported a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 100% for the presence of a dome shaped bladder, a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for bladder thickening, a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for portal hypertension and ascites. The sensitivity was 81% with a specificity of 100% for presence of portal vein distention. The sensitivity was 100% with a specificity of 90% for dilated bowel.CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound has shown a promise at helping to identify pathology in rural communities with limited resources such as Tanzania. Our data suggest that minimally trained first year medical students are able to perform basic ultrasound scans that can identify ultrasonographic markers of parasitic infections.

Application Value of High-Frequency Ultrasound and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis with Different TCM Syndromes

Objective: To explore the application value of high-frequency ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in different syndrome types of knee osteoarthritis, and to provide more imaging evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Method: Sixty patients with KOA were selected according to TCM classification, which were mainly divided into Qi stagnation and blood stasis type and cold-dampness blockage type. All knee joints were routinely examined by high frequency ultrasound, and those with synovial hyperplasia were examined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. High frequency ultrasound is the examination of synovium, cartilage and collateral ligament of knee joint based on two-dimensional ultrasound. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) refers to the contrast examination of synovium in knee joint patients with synovial hyperplasia. Result: Among them, the suprapatellar sac effusion and synovial thickening of Qi stagnation and blood stasis type were more obvious than those of cold-dampness arthralgia type (P < 0.05), and the degree of wear of the intercondylar cartilage of cold-dampness arthralgia type was more obvious than that of Qi stagnation. The blood stasis type is heavier and the meniscus bulge is higher (P < 0.05). The radiography of synovial hyperplasia showed that the area under the curve of Qi stagnation and blood stasis type was higher than that of cold dampness arthralgia type (P < 0.05), and the peak time was significantly shorter than that of cold dampness arthralgia type. There was no statistical difference in effective peak gradient and onset time of type (P > 0.05). Conclusion: To a certain extent, the high-frequency ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound performance of knee osteoarthritis can be used as a dialectical reference for different TCM syndrome types.

Point-of-care ultrasound in nephrology:A private practice viewpoint

Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)is a limited ultrasound examination performed by the clinician at the bedside,emerging as a complement to physical examination across various medical specialties.In the field of nephrology,its integration has been gradual,primarily limited to guiding procedures like temporary dialysis catheter placement or,in some cases,diagnostic kidney ultrasounds.In reality,the assessment of hemodynamic status at the bedside holds immense value for nephrologists,yet there exists limited awareness among practitioners regarding its implementation.While there is a growing trend towards incorporating multiorgan POCUS training in fellowship programs,private practice nephrologists remain relatively uninformed.This discussion explores the untapped potential of POCUS as a valuable diagnostic tool in everyday nephrology practice,demonstrating its effectiveness in diverse clinical settings,ranging from medical wards to outpatient dialysis units.Additionally,we delve into the challenges hindering its widespread adoption and consider the future trajectory of this innovative approach.

Development of a High-frequency Ultrasound System for High-speed Image Scanning

High-frequency image technique has been widely applied in medical diagnosis recently. For high voltage protection, high speed stage and trigger control circuitry are difficult to implement a high-frequency ultrasound imaging system. In this study, we utilized a linear servo with high noise tolerance and a novel multi-depth expression method to overcome those issues in developed high-speed image system. B-mode image of the chicken phantom by 25 MHz transducer shows the resolution of lateral and axial resolutions are up to 123 μm and 59 μm respectively. In addition, the experiment demonstrates that the axial resolution and depth of field (DOF) can be improved by time gain compensation(TGC) and multi-depth method. The results indicate that the proposed system could achieve over 24 fps for 1 mm scan distance and 100 lines per frame. In the future, the developed system is potential for other clinical applications such as ophthalmology and dermatology.

The Observation on Risk of Ventilator Failure Weaning by Ultrasound bedside Monitoring of Inferior Vena Cava and Lung B Line

Objective: This study was designed to investigate risk of ventilator weaning by ultrasound bedside monitoring of the width of inferior vena cava (IVC) and the number of lung B-lines (B-lines). Methods: This study was conducted on 106 patients from January 2019 to January 2020 who had mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours in an emergency care unit. They were clinically stable and had the criteria for weaning from the ventilator. Before Spontaneous Breathing Test (SBT) and 30 min or 120 min after SBT, the width of IVC and the number of B-lines in patients were monitored via bedside ultrasound. There were 87 cases of successful weaning as a control group and 19 cases of ventilator failure weaning as a study group. Changes of the width of IVC and the number of B-lines were compared in the different stages of SBT. Results: A total of 106 patients were included in this study. There were 87 cases of ventilator successful weaning and 19 cases failure weaning. The weaning success rate was 82.08%. The width of IVC and the number of B-lines in the study group were higher than those in the control group in same stage of SBT, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and which increased significantly with time. There was no significant difference in the width of IVC and the number of B-lines on the different stage of SBT in the control group (P > 0.05), and significant difference in the study group. Conclusion: The width of IVC and the number of B-lines monitored by bedside ultrasound can assess the risk of ventilator weaning, it may be caused by cardiopulmonary interaction.

Efficacy evaluation of high-frequency ultrasound in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with α-lipoic acid combined with traditional Chinese medicine package treatment

Objective:To use high-frequency ultrasound to evaluate the efficacy ofα-lipoic acid combined with traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN),so as to provide a basis for clinical medication and evaluation of therapeutic effect.Methods:From December 2018 to December 2019,110 patients with DPN who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into observation group and control group according to different treatment plans.The control group was treated withα-lipoic acid,and the observation group was treated withα-lipoic acid combined with traditional Chinese medicine encapsulation treatment,and used high-frequency ultrasound,nerve conduction velocity and serological examination to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of the two treatment methods.Results:The mean amplitude of glycemic excursions(MAGE)value of the observation group and the control group after treatment was significantly lower than before treatment(P<0.05);After treatment,the SCV of the ulnar nerve,median nerve,and common peroneal nerve in the two groups was significantly faster than before treatment(P<0.05).Similar to SCV,the MCV of the three nerves measured after treatment in the two groups was significantly faster than before treatment(P<0.05).Compared between the groups after treatment,the three kinds of nerve SCV and MCV in the observation group were significantly faster than those in the control group(P<0.05).The cross-sectional area(CSA)value of the ulnar nerve,median nerve and common peroneal nerve in the observation group after treatment was significantly lower than before treatment(P<0.05).Compared with the control group after treatment,the three nerves CSA in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Abnormal ultrasound performance:The proportion of abnormal ultrasound performances of the ulnar nerve,median nerve,and common peroneal nerve in the observation group after treatment was significantly lower than before treatment(P<0.05).The composition ratio of internal echo reduction and ambiguity in the observation group after three nerve treatments was significantly lower than that in the control group after treatment(P<0.05).In the correlation analysis,the three kinds of nerve CSA before and after treatment were negatively correlated with SCV and amplitude(P<0.05),and positively correlated with latency(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combination ofα-lipoic acid and Chinese medicine encapsulation technology has a good effect on the treatment and repair of DPN nerve damage,and can be routinely applied in clinical treatment.High-frequency ultrasound can intuitively observe changes in peripheral nerves and can be used to evaluate the prognosis of DPN.

Analysis of High-Frequency Ultrasound in the differential Diagnosis of Lumps in Foot and Hand

Objective:To investigate the ultrasonogram characteristics of common lumps in hand and foot,pursuing for greater understanding of hand and foot lumps.Methods:65 cases of ultrasonographic characteristics of lumps in hand and foot were retrospectively analyzed,including the location,size,shape,boundary,internal echo and posterior echo,surrounding relationship and blood flow.Results:Among 65 cases,there were 26 cases of tendon sheath cyst,16 cases of tenosynovitis giant cell tumor,10 cases of hemangioma,4 cases of tendon sheath fibroma,3 cases of epidermoid cyst,2 cases of Schwannoma,2 cases of fibrolipoma,1 case of angiolipoma and 1 case of neurofibroma.The preoperative and postoperative pathological diagnoses of 45 cases,accounting for 69.23%,were consistent,3 cases(4.62%)were misdiagnosed,which included that 2 cases of tenosynovitis giant cell tumor were misdiagnosed as tendon sheath cyst,1 case of neurofibroma as epidermoid cyst,and the preoperative diagnosis of the rest 17 cases(26.15%)were indefinite.Conclusion:The high-frequency ultrasound can diagnose properties of lumps in foot and hand well,providing diagnosis basis for further treatment in clinic.

Preliminary Application of High-Frequency Ultrasound in the Differentiation of Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid:An Observational Study

Objective:Ultrasonography is a diagnostic imaging technique used to visualize subcutaneous body structures for identification of possible pathologies.In this study,we aimed to explore the clinical significance of high-frequency ultrasound in differentiating the location of blisters between pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid.Methods:Eighteen patients were recruited in Department of Dermatology,Zhongda Hospital from 2020 to 2021 and divided into a pemphigus group(n=8)and a bullous pemphigoid group(n=10)according to the diagnostic criteria for each.Ultrasonographic images were collected using a 50-MHz high-frequency ultrasound system.The indexes of ultrasonic evaluation were the layer(epidermis or dermis),size,shape,internal echo,and boundary of the blister.Categorical variables are expressed as n(%),and differences were compared using Fisher’s exact test.Results:The ultrasonographic images in the pemphigus group showed an intraepidermal semi-arc or irregular anechoic or hypoechoic areas.The inferior borders were situated above the characteristic thin linear hyperechoic bands of the epidermis.A linear hypoechoic band was present at the dermoepidermal junction in some cases.In the ultrasonographic images of the bullous pemphigoid group,the linear hyperechoic bands of the epidermis were continuous and intact.An oval fluid anechoic area(subepidermal blister)was present immediately below the bands.The location of the blisters in the ultrasonographic images was significantly different between the 2 groups(P<0.001).Conclusion:High-frequency ultrasound can be used as an auxiliary means to differentiate the location of blisters between pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid.

Application of scoring systems with point-of-care ultrasonography for bedside diagnosis of appendicitis

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is a common disease requiring surgery. Bedside ultrasound(BUS) is a core technique for emergency medicine(EM). The Alvarado score is a well-studied diagnostic tool for appendicitis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between patients' symptoms, Alvarado score and ultrasound(US) findings, as performed by emergency physicians(EPs) and radiologists, of patients with suspected appendicitis.METHODS: Three EM specialists underwent the BUS course and core course for appendicitis assessment. Patients suspected of having appendicitis were selected and their Alvarado and modif ied(m) Alvarado scores calculated. The specialists performed the BUS. Then, patients were given a formal US and surgery consultation if necessary. Preliminary diagnoses, admission or discharge from the emergency department(ED) and fi nal diagnosis were documented. The patients were also followed up after discharge from the hospital.RESULTS: The determined cut-off value was 2 for Alvarado and 3 for m Alvarado scores. The sensitivities of the two scores were 100%. Each score was used to rule out appendicitis. The results of EP-performed BUS were as follows: accuracy 70%, sensitivity 0.733, specifi city 0.673, + LR 2.24, and – LR 0.40(95%CI). Radiologists were better than EPs at diagnosing appendicitis and radiologists and EPs were equally strong at ruling out appendicitis by US. When US was combined with Alvarado and m Alvarado scores, EP US+Alvarado/m Alvarado scores ≤3 and radiology US+Alvarado/m Alvarado scores ≤4 perfectly ruled out appendicitis.CONCLUSION: BUS performed by EPs is moderately useful in detecting appendicitis. Combined with scoring systems, BUS may be a perfect tool for ruling out decisions in EDs.

床旁超声评估早期新生儿的脊髓和椎管发育

目的探讨床旁超声在早期新生儿脊髓和椎管发育中的临床价值。方法收集2022年1月—8月兰州大学第二医院125例新生儿的临床资料,包括母亲的分娩次数、分娩方式、新生儿的胎龄、性别、出生天数、身高、体重、头围、胸围,并用床旁超声测量颈、胸、腰椎脊髓和椎管前后径。按其胎龄分为早产儿组(32~36^(+6)周,30例)、早期足月儿组(37~38^(+6)周,39例)和完全足月儿组(39~40^(+6)周,56例)。比较脊髓和椎管前后径的组间差异及与临床资料的相关性,进一步观察脊髓和椎管前后径随胎龄变化的规律。结果完全足月儿组、早期足月儿组的脊髓和椎管前后径均大于早产儿组(P<0.05)。早期新生儿的脊髓和椎管前后径与胎龄、身高、体重、头围、胸围呈正相关,尤其早产儿组与胎龄明显相关(P<0.05)。脊髓和椎管发育无性别差异。结论床旁超声可以显示早期新生儿的脊髓和椎管前后径随胎龄而变化,其参考值将有助于评估新生儿的脊髓损伤。

床旁超声在儿童脓毒性休克液体复苏中的应用价值

目的探讨床旁超声在脓毒性休克患儿液体复苏中的临床价值。方法选取2021年12月至2023年1月收治河北医科大学附属河北省儿童医院重症医学一科诊断为脓毒性休克的患儿50例,采用随机数字表法分为常规组和超声组,每组25例。患儿入院后均给予抗感染、呼吸支持等对症治疗。2组均给予初始液体复苏(20 mL/kg醋酸钠林格液)。常规组在初始液体复苏后按照指南(早期目标导向治疗6 h目标)继续液体复苏;超声组在初始液体复苏后根据超声测下腔静脉内径及肺部超声检查指导后续液体复苏。比较2组液体复苏6、12 h后心率、平均动血压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)及中心静脉血氧饱和度(Systemic central venous oxygen saturation,ScvO_(2))指标变化,并比较2组患儿24 h液体入量及血管药物评分、液体复苏12、24、48 h氧合指数变化、肺水肿发生例数及28 d病死率。结果液体复苏6、12后2组患儿的心率、MAP、ScvO_(2)指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。超声组24 h液体总入量少于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),24 h血管活性药物评分低于常规组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。液体复苏12 h超声组氧合指数高于常规组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),液体复苏24、48 h超声组患儿的氧合指数明显高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。超声组液体复苏期间发生肺水肿的例数少于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患儿的28 d病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论床旁超声测下腔静脉内径联合肺部超声可以指导儿童脓毒性休克的液体管理,减少液体入量,优化容量状态,改善血流动力指标,降低肺水肿发生的风险,因超声具有无创性,在儿科临床应用更广泛,益于儿童。

胃窦运动指数对ICU肠内营养病人喂养不耐受的预测价值

目的:探讨床旁超声监测胃窦运动指数(MI)在预测ICU肠内营养(EN)病人喂养不耐受中的应用价值。方法:选取ICU经鼻胃管实施EN病人82例,采用床旁超声于EN喂养第1、2、3天分别测量病人MI,并评估病人喂养不耐受发生情况。通过logistics多因素回归分析EN病人喂养不耐受发生的危险因素,绘制ROC曲线分析MI对喂养不耐受的预测价值。结果:ICU病人在EN实施第1、2、3天喂养不耐受发生率分别为20.73%(17/82)、24.39%(20/82)、31.71%(26/82)。单因素分析显示,机械通气、EN启动时间、镇静镇痛药物、MI、急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ是喂养不耐受发生的影响因素(P<0.05~P<0.01);多因素分析显示,机械通气、EN启动时间和MI均为喂养不耐受发生的独立影响因素(P<0.05~P<0.01)。MI预测喂养不耐受AUC为0.856,最佳截断值为0.556,敏感度为0.765,特异度为0.782。结论:ICU病人喂养不耐受发生率较高,机械通气、EN启动时间延迟及低MI是喂养不耐受发生的高危因素,监测MI值有助于预测喂养不耐受发生。

颈总动脉流速对创伤合并休克患者容量反应性的评价

目的探讨颈总动脉呼气末及吸气末流速对评估创伤合并休克患者容量反应性的意义。方法前瞻性研究2017年7月—2019年1月上海市浦东新区人民医院重症监护室收治需要机械通气控制呼吸的创伤合并休克患者60例,根据液体复苏后是否具有容量反应性(VR)且扩容前后心输出量(CO)变化是否≥15%将患者分为有反应(VR+组)及无反应(VR-组),各30例。VR+组男性23例,女性7例;年龄18~86岁,平均46.9岁。VR-组男性21例,女性9例;年龄18~90岁,平均46.1岁;采用迈瑞M9便携式多普勒超声取右颈总动脉长轴方向上测量两组患者呼气末最大血流速度(ex-Vmax)、吸气末最大血流速度(in-Vmax)与呼气末平均血流流速(ex-TAmax)、吸气末平均血流流速(in-TAmax),并计算出各自的变异度值:颈总动脉吸呼气末最大血流速度变异度(△Vmax)、吸呼气末平均血流速度变异度(△TAmax),分析不同组别上述数值的变化;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析以上各项指标在容量反应性评估方面的价值。结果VR+组与VR-组in-Vmax[(71.72±18.67)cm/s vs.(79.47±24.04)cm/s]、in-TAmax[(40.67±11.44)cm/svs.(46.44±15.84)cm/s]比较无明显差异,但ex-Vmax[(61.00±17.84)cm/s vs.(76.86±25.28)cm/s]、ex-TAmax[(34.83±11.01)cm/s vs.(44.66±15.43)cm/s]比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VR+组与VR-组△Vmax(19.42%±14.18%vs.5.09%±13.59%)、△TAmax(18.19%±11.63%vs.4.29%±7.57%)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。ex-Vmax与ex-TAmax对创伤合并休克患者容量评估的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.695和0.678,而△Vmax与△TAmax的ROC曲线下面积均>0.800,分别是0.803和0.863,提示△Vmax、△TAmax对于创伤合并休克患者容量的评估更敏感。结论呼气末颈总动脉最大血流流速及平均血流流速、吸呼气末最大血流流速差异度及平均血流流速变异度均可用来评估机械通气创伤合并休克患者的容量反应性,且吸呼气末最大血流流速变异度及平均血流流速变异度对容量反应性的评估效果更佳。

床旁超声联合镇静躁动评分对ICU机械通气患者撤机的指导作用

目的:分析床旁超声联合镇静躁动评分对ICU机械通气患者撤机的指导作用。方法:选取2022年4月—2023年3月东莞市黄江医院收治的52例ICU机械通气患者。随机将其分为对照组和观察组,各26例。对照组根据常规方式进行撤机,观察组根据床旁超声联合镇静躁动评分进行撤机。比较两组撤机成功率,临床指标,不良事件。结果:观察组撤机成功率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组机械通气时间、ICU住院时间均短于对照组,死亡率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良事件发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:床旁超声联合镇静躁动评分在ICU机械通气患者撤机中的指导作用突出,能够保证撤机成功率,降低死亡率,缩短机械通气时间和ICU住院时间,降低不良事件发生率。

床旁超声膈肌功能评估对慢性阻塞性肺疾病机械通气撤机的预测价值

目的:研究分析床旁超声膈肌功能评估对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)机械通气撤机的预测价值。方法:选取2022年4月—2023年6月凉山彝族自治州第一人民医院行机械通气的60例患者作为研究对象,在符合临床撤机条件后进行2 h自主呼吸试验(SBT)。试验结束后采用床旁超声对患者进行评估,按照撤机结果分为参照组(撤机失败,n=28)和试验组(撤机成功,n=32)。比较两组行SBT 30 min后吸气末膈肌厚度(DTei)、呼气末膈肌厚度(DTee)、膈肌增厚指数(DTF)、右侧膈肌移位距离(DD)、浅快呼吸指数(RSBI)及膈肌浅快呼吸指数(D-RSBI)等床旁超声膈肌功能评估相关参数,并应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析床旁超声功能评估相关参数在COPD机械通气患者撤机指导中应用效能。结果:两组行SBT 30 min后DTei、DTee比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组行SBT 30 min后DTF高于参照组,DD长于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组行SBT 30 min后RSBI、D-RSBI低于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。曲线下面积(AUC)≥0.7时,表示预测价值良好,DTF、DD、RSBI、D-RSBI均对撤机有较好的预测价值,其AUC依次为0.840、0.749、0.876、0.804;同时,DTF敏感度高于DD、RSBI、D-RSBI。结论:床旁超声膈肌功能评估获取DTF、RSBI及D-RSBI等参数在COPD撤机指导中应用效能良好,可为临床成功撤机提供良好预测价值。

血清胱抑素C联合床旁肾脏超声对脓毒症急性肾损伤患者预后情况的评估价值

目的探讨血清胱抑素C(CysC)联合床旁肾脏超声对脓毒症急性肾损伤患者预后情况的评估价值。方法研究样本为安徽医科大学第一附属医院于2019年10月至2023年10月收治的134例脓毒症并发急性肾损伤患者,根据30 d内患者的预后情况,将其分为存活组(n=93)和病死组(n=41)。收集患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、心率、基础疾病、治疗情况、住院时间、基本生化指标、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ);检测患者肾功能指标[血肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)]和CysC水平;通过床旁常规超声检测肾血流阻力指数(RI),并采用Cox回归分析评估脓毒症急性肾损伤患者预后不良的影响因素,并利用ROC曲线分析CysC联合床旁肾脏超声在脓毒症急性肾损伤患者预后评估中的应用价值。结果病死组患者的APACHEⅡ评分、SCr、BUN、CysC水平和RI分别为(25.14±4.39)分、(115.93±19.71)μmol/L、(13.65±2.45)mmol/L、(3.10±0.51)mg/L和(0.71±0.16),均高于存活组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Cox回归分析显示,CysC水平和RI均是影响患者预后的重要因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线显示,CysC水平和RI的联合检测对脓毒症急性肾损伤患者的预后情况有较高的诊断效能,准确度为97.5%。结论CysC水平和床旁肾脏超声可作为脓毒症急性肾损伤患者的预后评估指标,指导临床治疗。

床旁经颅多普勒超声在神经重症脑血管疾病患者中的监测价值

目的分析神经重症脑血管疾病患者监测中床旁经颅多普勒超声应用效果。方法筛选郑州人民医院2021年5月至2023年5月86例重症脑血管疾病患者作为研究对象(高血压脑出血,术后35例,未手术者7例,脑动脉瘤破裂出血,术后32例,未手术者5例,其他脑血管疾病术后4例,未手术者3例),均采用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)监测,包含经枕窗探测基底动脉(BA)、经颞窗探测双侧大脑中动脉(MCA),另监测收缩期峰值血流动力学改变、舒张末期峰值血流速度、平均峰值血流速度、血管阻力指数、血管搏动指数、血流频谱形态等了解血流动力学改变,了解血流动力学改变,依照监测结果分三组,脑血管痉挛组(n=26)、供血不足组(n=37)、血流增快组(n=29),对各组监测结果予以分析。结果患者均完成TCD监测,在不同病因中,脑动脉瘤破裂出血与高血压脑出血患者供血不足发生率最高,其次是血流增快、血管痉挛,三组发生率对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在神经重症脑血管疾病患者中,床旁TCD监测能为临床治疗及预后评价提供有效支持。