As a basic human right,sports rights are increasingly recognized by the international community.The national legislation and strategic plan for building China into a leading sports nation have contributed to forming a...As a basic human right,sports rights are increasingly recognized by the international community.The national legislation and strategic plan for building China into a leading sports nation have contributed to forming a multi-field and all-round sports rights protection system.From the perspective of proactive rights and passive rights,sports rights include the freedom to choose free from illegal interference and reflect the social rights for which the state will guarantee the resources.From the perspective of basic rights and ordinary rights,the right to equal participation,the right to sports health,and the right to education constitute the main content of sports rights as a basic right,and the right to sports culture is the concentrated expression of ordinary rights.From the perspective of individual rights and collective rights,the right to sports achievement is a concentrated reflection of the former.Meanwhile,the latter covers the protection of sports rights of vulnerable groups and the balanced development of regional sports.The strategic plan for building a leading sports nation has further clarified China’s basic obligation in safeguarding sports rights in terms of legislative policy planning,financial support,life-cycle services,sustainable development,playing the role of stakeholders and strengthening sports cooperation with other countries and regions,including Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan.展开更多
Four environmental and biological monitoring sites were strategically established to evaluate benzene and lead exposure assessment at various traffic zones of Bangkok Metropolitan Region（BMR）. Biological measurement...Four environmental and biological monitoring sites were strategically established to evaluate benzene and lead exposure assessment at various traffic zones of Bangkok Metropolitan Region（BMR）. Biological measurement of 48 non air-conditioned, male bus drivers was carried to study the relationship between individual exposure levels and exposure biomarkers. The study group was further sub-divided into four age groups（16—25, 26—35, 36—45 and 46—55 years old） to monitor the age—related exposure effects. A total of 12 unexposed persons were deliberately chosen as the control group. Measurement of unmetobolized benzene in blood and analysis of urinary tt-Muconic acid urine and urinary creatinine are recommended as biomarkers of benzene exposure. Measurement of lead in blood and urine is also recommended for the biological monitoring of lead exposure. During the monitoring period, benzene and lead levels at Yaowarat Road was C6H6: 42.46±3.88 μg/m 3, Pb: 0.29±0.03 μg/m 3 and decreased to C6H6: 33.5±1.35 μg/m 3, Pb: 0.13±0.01 μg/m 3 at Phahonyothin Road. Significant difference was established between the nonsmoking exposed group and nonsmoking control group for blood benzene concentrations （ P <0.001, two-tailed, Mann-Whiteney U test）. Strong correlations were also found between trans-trans-Muconic acid concentrations in post shift samples and atmospheric benzene concentrations. Similarly, good correlation between all of biomarkers and lead level in air is established from automobile emissions.The analysis revealed that among the occupational population in the urban sites, the driver groups were found to have the highest risk of benzene and lead exposures derived from automobile emission.展开更多
基金a phased result of the program titled“Enhancing China’s International Discourse Power on Law-based Sports Development”(21BTY057)sponsored by the National Social Science Fund of China
文摘As a basic human right,sports rights are increasingly recognized by the international community.The national legislation and strategic plan for building China into a leading sports nation have contributed to forming a multi-field and all-round sports rights protection system.From the perspective of proactive rights and passive rights,sports rights include the freedom to choose free from illegal interference and reflect the social rights for which the state will guarantee the resources.From the perspective of basic rights and ordinary rights,the right to equal participation,the right to sports health,and the right to education constitute the main content of sports rights as a basic right,and the right to sports culture is the concentrated expression of ordinary rights.From the perspective of individual rights and collective rights,the right to sports achievement is a concentrated reflection of the former.Meanwhile,the latter covers the protection of sports rights of vulnerable groups and the balanced development of regional sports.The strategic plan for building a leading sports nation has further clarified China’s basic obligation in safeguarding sports rights in terms of legislative policy planning,financial support,life-cycle services,sustainable development,playing the role of stakeholders and strengthening sports cooperation with other countries and regions,including Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan.
文摘Four environmental and biological monitoring sites were strategically established to evaluate benzene and lead exposure assessment at various traffic zones of Bangkok Metropolitan Region（BMR）. Biological measurement of 48 non air-conditioned, male bus drivers was carried to study the relationship between individual exposure levels and exposure biomarkers. The study group was further sub-divided into four age groups（16—25, 26—35, 36—45 and 46—55 years old） to monitor the age—related exposure effects. A total of 12 unexposed persons were deliberately chosen as the control group. Measurement of unmetobolized benzene in blood and analysis of urinary tt-Muconic acid urine and urinary creatinine are recommended as biomarkers of benzene exposure. Measurement of lead in blood and urine is also recommended for the biological monitoring of lead exposure. During the monitoring period, benzene and lead levels at Yaowarat Road was C6H6: 42.46±3.88 μg/m 3, Pb: 0.29±0.03 μg/m 3 and decreased to C6H6: 33.5±1.35 μg/m 3, Pb: 0.13±0.01 μg/m 3 at Phahonyothin Road. Significant difference was established between the nonsmoking exposed group and nonsmoking control group for blood benzene concentrations （ P <0.001, two-tailed, Mann-Whiteney U test）. Strong correlations were also found between trans-trans-Muconic acid concentrations in post shift samples and atmospheric benzene concentrations. Similarly, good correlation between all of biomarkers and lead level in air is established from automobile emissions.The analysis revealed that among the occupational population in the urban sites, the driver groups were found to have the highest risk of benzene and lead exposures derived from automobile emission.
