Behavior Characteristics of Asphalt Components during the Process of Nano-cracks Temperature Self-healing

In order to investigate the behavior characteristics of asphalt components during the process of nano-cracks temperature self-healing(NTS),molecular simulation technology was used to simulate the temperature self-healing of asphalt.Based on the determination of asphalts(virgin asphalt and aged asphalt),the proportional changes of asphalt components were confirmed.The distribution characteristics of asphalt components were obtained by marking different components in the process of NTS.At the same time,the rationality of the micro simulation findings was confirmed by asphalt performance tests and infrared spectroscopy results.The results show that different asphalt components have different behavior characteristics in the process of NTS.The content of asphaltene and resin plays a key role in the process of NTS,while saturation and aromatics play an active role in the temperature self-healing before and after aging.The NTS is the result of the comprehensive action of different components,and the self-healing efficiency is proportional to the relative molecular mass.The effect of aging on the NTS is also realized by changing the proportion of asphalt components.

On the Behavior Characteristics of Cellular Automata

In this paper, the inherent rdationships between the running regulations and behavior charactcristics of cellular automata are presented; an imprecise taxonomy of such syseros is put forward; the three extreme cases of slablc sysems are discussed; and the illogicalness of evolutional strategies of cellular automata is analyzed. The result is suilable for the emulation and prediction of behavior of discrete dynamics sys terns; especially it can be taken as an important analysis means of dynamic performance of complex networks.

An In-Depth Study of Complex Power System Dynamic Behavior Characteristics for Chinese UHV Power Grid Security

In this paper,a series of major policy decisions used to improve the power grid reliability,reduce the risk and losses of major power outages,and realize the modernization of 21st century power grid are discussed. These decisions were adopted by American government and would also be helpful for the strategic development of Chinese power grid. It is proposed that China should take precaution,carry out security research on the overall dynamic behaviour characteristics of the UHV grid using the complexity theory,and finally provide safeguard for the Chinese UHV grid. It is also pointed out that,due to the lack of matured approaches to controll a cascading failure,the primary duty of a system operator is to work as a "watchdog" for the grid operation security,eliminate the cumulative effect and reduce the risk and losses of major cascading outages with the help of EMS and WAMS.

Cluster DetectionMethod of Endogenous Security Abnormal Attack Behavior in Air Traffic Control Network

In order to enhance the accuracy of Air Traffic Control(ATC)cybersecurity attack detection,in this paper,a new clustering detection method is designed for air traffic control network security attacks.The feature set for ATC cybersecurity attacks is constructed by setting the feature states,adding recursive features,and determining the feature criticality.The expected information gain and entropy of the feature data are computed to determine the information gain of the feature data and reduce the interference of similar feature data.An autoencoder is introduced into the AI(artificial intelligence)algorithm to encode and decode the characteristics of ATC network security attack behavior to reduce the dimensionality of the ATC network security attack behavior data.Based on the above processing,an unsupervised learning algorithm for clustering detection of ATC network security attacks is designed.First,determine the distance between the clustering clusters of ATC network security attack behavior characteristics,calculate the clustering threshold,and construct the initial clustering center.Then,the new average value of all feature objects in each cluster is recalculated as the new cluster center.Second,it traverses all objects in a cluster of ATC network security attack behavior feature data.Finally,the cluster detection of ATC network security attack behavior is completed by the computation of objective functions.The experiment took three groups of experimental attack behavior data sets as the test object,and took the detection rate,false detection rate and recall rate as the test indicators,and selected three similar methods for comparative test.The experimental results show that the detection rate of this method is about 98%,the false positive rate is below 1%,and the recall rate is above 97%.Research shows that this method can improve the detection performance of security attacks in air traffic control network.

Bubble behavior characteristics based on virtual binocular stereo vision

The three-dimensional(3D) behavior characteristics of bubble rising in gas-liquid two-phase flow are of great importance to study bubbly flow mechanism and guide engineering practice. Based on the dual-perspective imaging of virtual binocular stereo vision, the 3D behavior characteristics of bubbles in gas-liquid two-phase flow are studied in detail, which effectively increases the projection information of bubbles to acquire more accurate behavior features. In this paper, the variations of bubble equivalent diameter, volume, velocity and trajectory in the rising process are estimated, and the factors affecting bubble behavior characteristics are analyzed. It is shown that the method is real-time and valid, the equivalent diameter of the rising bubble in the stagnant water is periodically changed, and the crests and troughs in the equivalent diameter curve appear alternately. The bubble behavior characteristics as well as the spiral amplitude are affected by the orifice diameter and the gas volume flow.

Simulation of petroleum phase behavior in injection and production process of underground gas storage in a gas reservoir

On the basis of analyzing the fluid phase behavior during the transformation from gas reservoir to gas storage,a mathematical model and an experimental simulation method are established to describe the oil-gas phase behavior during the whole injection-production process of gas storage.The underground gas storage in the Liaohe Shuang 6 gas reservoir with oil rim is taken as a typical example to verify the reliability and accuracy of the mathematical model and reveal characteristics and mechanisms of fluid phase behavior.In the gas injection stage of the gas storage,the phase behavior is characterized by mainly evaporation and extraction and secondarily dissolution and diffusion of gas in the cap to oil in the oil rim of the reservoir;the gas in gas cap increases in light component content,decreases in contents of intermediate and heavy components,and increases in density and viscosity.The oil of the ring decreases in content of heavy components,increases in contents of light and intermediate components,decreases in density and viscosity,and increases in volume factor and solution gas oil ratio.In the stable operation stage of periodic injection-production of gas storage,the phase behavior shows that the evaporation and extraction capacity of injection gas in the cap to oil rim is weakened step by step,the phase behavior gradually changes into dissolution and diffusion.The gas in gas cap decreases in content of intermediate components,increases in content of light components slowly,and becomes lighter;but changes hardly in density and viscosity.The oil in the oil rim increases in content of heavy components,decreases in content of intermediate components,rises in density and viscosity,and drops in volume factor and solution gas oil ratio.

Celebrity and ordinary users: A comparative study of microblog user behaviors on Sina Weibo

Purpose： This study aims to investigate and compare celebrity and ordinary users＇ behaviors on Sina Weibo. Design/methodology/approach： Data was collected from 12,555 ordinary users and 2,467 celebrity users on Sina Weibo. Correlation and regression analysis was performed on users＇ number of followings, number of followers and number of posts. Findings： The results revealed significant difference between famous and ordinary users＇ behaviors on Sina Weibo. We found correlation among ordinary users＇ number of followings, number of followers and number of posts, but for celebrity users, only their number of followings and number of posts are related with each other. For both ordinary and celebrity users, their number of followings significantly affects how many posts they publish. Research limitations： We only carried out our investigation on Sina Weibo and the findings need to be further verified on other microblogging platforms. Practical implications： This research is useful for microblogging service providers to understand different types of users and promote the continuous use of their services. Originality/value： This research delivers valuable insights into understanding of the characteristics of different types of microbloggers and the ways to increase user viscosity.

Strata behavior in extra-thick coal seam mining with upward slicing backfilling technology

Based on the character of upward slicing backfilling mining and the condition of Gonggeyingzi coal mine in Inner Mongolia,this paper describes the studies of the strata behavior and the stress distribution in the process of backfilling mining in extra-thick coal seams.This was achieved by setting up and analyzing the elastic foundation beam model using the ABAQUS software.The results show that:(1) With the gradual mining of different slices,the roof appears to bend continuously but does not break.The vertical stress in the roof decreases and the decreasing amplitude reduces,while the tensile stress in the roof grows with the mining slices and the maximum tensile stress will not exceed the allowable tensile stress.(2) The front vertical stress at the working face exceeds the rear vertical stress and both show a trend of decrease with decreasing amplitude of decrease.(3) The slices mined early have more influence on the surrounding rock than the later ones.Similarly,the strata behavior experiences the same trend.The field measured data show that the roof does not break during the mining process,which is consistent with the conclusion.

Apparent activation energy of mineral in open pit mine based upon the evolution of active functional groups

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of mineral spontaneous combustion in an open pit. On the study of coal and mineral mixture in open pit mines, as well as through the specifc surface area and Search Engine Marketing (SEM) experiments, the specifc surface area and aperture characteristics of distribution of open pit coal sample and pit mineral mixture samples were analyzed. Thermal analysis experiments were used to divide the oxidation process was divided into three stages, and the thermal behavior characteristics of experimental samples were characterized. On the basis of the stage division, we explored the transfer law of the key active functional groups of the experimental samples. The apparent activation energy calculation of the key active groups, performed by combining the Achar diferential method with the Coats–Redfern integral method, microstructural and oxidation kinetic properties were revealed. The resulted showed that the mixed sample had high ash, the fxed carbon content was reduced, the specifc surface area was far lower than the raw coal, the large aperture distribution was slightly higher than the medium hole, the micropore was exceptionally low, the gas adsorption capacity was weaker than the raw coal, the pit coal sample had the exceedingly more active functional groups, easy to react with oxygen, more likely to occur naturally, and its harm was relatively large. The mixed sample contained the highest C–O–C functional group absorbance. The functional groups were mainly infuenced by the self-OH content, alkyl side chain, and fatty hydrocarbon in the sample. The main functional groups of the four-like mixture had the highest apparent activation energy, and the two reactions were higher in the low-temperature oxidation phase.

Interactive Trajectory Star Coordinates i-tStar and Its Extension i-tStar(3D)

There are many sources of geographic big data,and most of them come from heterogeneous environments.The data sources obtained in this case contain attribute information of different spatial scales,different time scales and different complexity levels.It is worth noting that the emergence of new high-dimensional trajectory data types and the increasing number of details are becoming more difficult.In this case,visualizing high-dimensional spatiotemporal trajectory data is extremely challenging.Therefore,i-tStar and its extension i-tStar(3D)proposed,a trajectory behavior feature formoving objects that are integrated into a view with less effort to display and extract spatiotemporal conditions,and evaluate our approach through case studies of an open-pit mine truck dataset.The experimental results show that this method is easier to mine the interaction behavior of multi-attribute trajectory data and the correlation and influence of various indicators of moving objects.

Future urban transport management

The incorporation of disruptive innovations into the transportation industry will inevitably cause major upheavals in the transportation sector.However,existing research lacks systematic theories and methodologies to represent the underlying characteristics of future urban transport systems.Furthermore,emerging modes in urban mobility have not been sufficiently studied.The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)officially approved the Basic Science Center project titled“Future Urban Transport Management”in 2022.The project members include leading scientists and engineers from Beijing Jiaotong University,Beihang University,and Beijing Transport Institute.Based on a wide range of previous projects by the consortium on urban mobility and sustainable cities,this project will encompass transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary research to explore critical issues affecting future urban traffic management.It aims to develop fundamental theories and methods based on social and technological developments in the near future and explores innovative solutions to implement alongside these emerging developments in urban mobility.

Superelasticity and Tunable Thermal Expansion across a Wide Temperature Range

Materials that undergo a reversible change of crystal structure through martensitic transformation （MT） possess unusual functionalities including shape memory, superelasticity, and low/negative thermal ex- pansion. These properties have many advanced applications, such as actuators, sensors, and energy conversion, but are limited typically in a narrow temperature range of tens of Kelvin. Here we report that, by creating a nano-scale concentration modulation via phase separation, the MT can be rendered continuous by an in-situ elastic confinement mechanism. Through a model titanium alloy, we demon- strate that the elastically confined continuous MT has unprecedented properties, such as superelasticity from below 4.2 K to 500 K, fully tunable and stable thermal expansion, from positive, through zero, to negative, from below 4.2 K to 573 K, and high strength-to-modulus ratio across a wide temperature range. The elastic tuning on the MT, together with a significant extension of the crystal stability limit, provides new opportunities to explore advanced materials.