Effect of aerobic intermittent exercise on the decreased cognitive ability induced by PM_(2.5)exposure in rats

Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of aerobic intermittent exercise on cognitive impairment by PM_(2.5)exposure.Methods:Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups:sedentary,exercise,sedentary+PM_(2.5)exposure,and exercise+PM_(2.5)exposure.The exercise groups underwent 8 weeks of exercise training(5 days of exercise per week).Subsequently,PM_(2.5)exposure groups were subjected to PM_(2.5)for three weeks.Post-exposure,we assessed cognitive abilities(shuttle box test),hippocampal tissue structure,related inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β),the protein of inflammatory responses mechanism(P65,IκκB)and cognitiverelated protein levels(BDNF,Aβ-42).Results:PM_(2.5)exposure caused cognitive impairment,abnormal histopathological changes,reduced cognitive related protein and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.Analysis of shuttle box test data revealed significant main effects on the passive avoidance latency times measured in rats(p<0.05).Aerobic intermittent exercise improves spatial learning decline in rats induced by PM_(2.5).Conversely,the Exercise+PM_(2.5)group demonstrated a significant reduction in latency of 24.9%compared to the Sedentary+PM_(2.5)group(p<0.05,ES=1.41).Conclustion:Aerobic intermittent exercise may help in protecting against the decrease of cognitive ability induced by PM_(2.5)exposure.

Effects of B addition on glass forming ability and thermal behavior of FePC-based bulk metallic glasses

The FePC-based bulk metallic glasses（BMGs）have been demonstrated to possess high plasticity and good soft magnetic properties.However,the relatively poor glass forming ability（GFA）and thermal stabilities limited their application in industries.The effects of microalloying with B in FePC-based BMGs on the GFA and thermal behaviors were systematically investigated.It was found that a small amount of B addition can dramatically enhance the GFA of FePC-based BMGs,which in turn leads to the critical maximum diameter up to 2 mm for full glass formation even using low cost raw materials.The underlying mechanism of the enhancement of GFA from the competing crystalline phase with amorphous phase,the average thermal expansion coefficient and dynamic viscosity were discussed in detail.