The software of behaviour-based algorithm~ was parted to several functional modules which represented different behaviours with different priorities. A basic algorithm with S-type arbiter and an improved algorithm wit...The software of behaviour-based algorithm~ was parted to several functional modules which represented different behaviours with different priorities. A basic algorithm with S-type arbiter and an improved algorithm with I-type arbiter were compared. The improved algorithm can reduce judging time and avoid some mistakes of the basic one. In mapping obstacles, the robot adjusted the spread angle according to different distances to obstacles in scaled vector field histogram （SVFH） algorithm, and then the robot turned more sharply in near obstacles than in far obstacles, which made the robot move more safely and smoothly in a cluttered room.展开更多
The so-called Cultural Tightness–Looseness(CTL)concept intends to describe the socio-cultural foundation of societies by the strictness of social norms.In this paper,CTL is used to investigate its relevance to enforc...The so-called Cultural Tightness–Looseness(CTL)concept intends to describe the socio-cultural foundation of societies by the strictness of social norms.In this paper,CTL is used to investigate its relevance to enforcing tax compliance.The CTL concept is formalised by structural payoff matrices for the confrontation between citizens and officials.Social norms and their impacts on the behaviour of the parties in a conflict are used to define several variants of tight and loose societies.The payoff matrices are employed to classify respective forms of societies.For a dynamic analysis,‘power’and‘trust’,as policy measures of behaviour control,are introduced to determine which instrument or combination of instruments emerges as the most relevant and effective option in the respective societal setting.The result is that‘trust’emerges in tight societies as the more important instrument of behaviour control,whereas‘power’appears as the more crucial tool in loose societies.Therefore,it is concluded that power or the‘cops and robbers’approach is usually applied in loose societies to enforce tax compliance.By contrast,‘trust’via the provision of information and support for paying taxes can be more often used in tight societies.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60975059)Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,China(No.J513032)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,China(No.09YZ343)
文摘The software of behaviour-based algorithm~ was parted to several functional modules which represented different behaviours with different priorities. A basic algorithm with S-type arbiter and an improved algorithm with I-type arbiter were compared. The improved algorithm can reduce judging time and avoid some mistakes of the basic one. In mapping obstacles, the robot adjusted the spread angle according to different distances to obstacles in scaled vector field histogram （SVFH） algorithm, and then the robot turned more sharply in near obstacles than in far obstacles, which made the robot move more safely and smoothly in a cluttered room.
文摘The so-called Cultural Tightness–Looseness(CTL)concept intends to describe the socio-cultural foundation of societies by the strictness of social norms.In this paper,CTL is used to investigate its relevance to enforcing tax compliance.The CTL concept is formalised by structural payoff matrices for the confrontation between citizens and officials.Social norms and their impacts on the behaviour of the parties in a conflict are used to define several variants of tight and loose societies.The payoff matrices are employed to classify respective forms of societies.For a dynamic analysis,‘power’and‘trust’,as policy measures of behaviour control,are introduced to determine which instrument or combination of instruments emerges as the most relevant and effective option in the respective societal setting.The result is that‘trust’emerges in tight societies as the more important instrument of behaviour control,whereas‘power’appears as the more crucial tool in loose societies.Therefore,it is concluded that power or the‘cops and robbers’approach is usually applied in loose societies to enforce tax compliance.By contrast,‘trust’via the provision of information and support for paying taxes can be more often used in tight societies.
