庐山植物园迁地保育的12种杜鹃观测初探

对江西省庐山植物园杜鹃专类园迁地保育的12种杜鹃进行了3年的物候及开花期与展叶期观测研究,结果表明:(1)开花最早的为马缨杜鹃,开花最晚的为喇叭杜鹃;杜鹃露蕾时颜色最深、开放后花冠逐渐变大,但花色慢慢变淡,至花谢时花冠变小枯萎;花和果最大的是广福杜鹃,背绒杜鹃最小。(2)展叶最早的是红色闹羊花,展叶最晚的为喇叭杜鹃,白花红滩杜鹃的叶片最大,背绒杜鹃叶片最小。(3)物候发生时间随年度不同而有波动,但物候发生次序和开花期与展叶期规律未见随年份而变化。这些物候观测及开花期与展叶期特征为加强杜鹃迁地保育及园林应用提供了参考。

北京市植物园地栽梅花花期物候观测与分析

2008—2012年,对北京市植物园内的28个梅花品种的开花物候进行观测记载。综合历年的开花物候记载,以2008年花期物候为参照,拟定3月20日前初花的为早花品种,3月21—31日初花的为中花品种,4月1日以后初花的为晚花品种。结果表明,早花品种平均观花期为15.6 d,中花品种平均观花期为12 d,晚花品种平均观花期为10 d。

Seed and Wasp Production in the Mutualism of Figs and Fig Wasps

Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.

清代对燕京梅花的物候记录——《燕梅花候记》的发现与介绍

2012年8月8日,笔者在国家图书馆发现余痴生撰清光绪间石印本《燕梅花候记》。这是一本记录清代光绪年间北京城内梅花栽植物候情况的书,是目前所发现最早的北京梅花种植、养护以及欣赏的一部专著。其中以1903-1907年春季持续物候观察最为重要,以对冬季防寒、梅虫危害和立地条件的观察分析最为精彩。

中山陵园植梅史考

南京植梅历史悠久,钟山脚下梅花坞曾盛于明、清。民国时期,中山陵园兴建纪念性植物园,梅花以其深厚的文化内涵独树一帜。新中国成立以来,景区梅花产业逐渐实现景观、文化、科研的多元化发展。今日的梅花山以其规模宏大,环境优越,在国内赏梅胜地中堪称魁首,有"天下第一梅山"之美誉。同时,这里也逐渐形成以梅花为媒介的经济、科技、文化艺术的交流中心。本文力求理清其发展历史,既为了更好的保护梅花山这一文化遗存,也为更好地保护、利用梅花这一具有民族特色的植物资源提供借鉴。