Atmospheric Circulation and Dynamic Mechanism for Persistent Haze Events in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

In this study, regional persistent haze events（RPHEs） in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei（BTH） region were identified based on the Objective Identification Technique for Regional Extreme Events for the period 1980–2013. The formation mechanisms of the severe RPHEs were investigated with focus on the atmospheric circulation and dynamic mechanisms. Results indicated that：（1） 49 RPHEs occurred during the past 34 years.（2） The severe RPHEs could be categorized into two types according to the large-scale circulation, i.e. the zonal westerly airflow（ZWA） type and the high-pressure ridge（HPR） type. When the ZWA-type RPHEs occurred, the BTH region was controlled by near zonal westerly airflow in the mid–upper troposphere.Southwesterly winds prevailed in the lower troposphere, and near-surface wind speeds were only 1–2 ms^-1. Warm and humid air originating from the northwestern Pacific was transported into the region, where the relative humidity was 70% to 80%, creating favorable moisture conditions. When the HPR-type RPHEs appeared, northwesterly airflow in the mid–upper troposphere controlled the region. Westerly winds prevailed in the lower troposphere and the moisture conditions were relatively weak.（3） Descending motion in the mid-lower troposphere caused by the above two circulation types provided a crucial dynamic mechanism for the formation of the two types of RPHEs. The descending motion contributed to a reduction in the height of the planetary boundary layer（PBL）, which generated an inversion in the lower troposphere. This inversion trapped the abundant pollution and moisture in the lower PBL, leading to high concentrations of pollutants.

A Brief Analysis of the Causes and Countermeasures of Fog-Haze in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

Since China broke the blockade and opened the country to the outside world, many township enterprises develop quickly. Together with the pollution caused by China’s coal-burning as the main source of national energy, the pollution caused by small and medium-sized enterprises in towns and villages due to their small investment, low technology level and weak environmental awareness, and the pollution caused by a sharp increase in motor vehicle emissions lead to the fact that fog-haze has been rampant in China’s cities and urban agglomerations for nearly two decades, especially in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. This paper sorted out the current situation of fog-haze and analyzed the causes of fog-haze from the two aspects of natural and man-made causes, discussed the harms of fog-haze to human body, environment and life, and put forward the concrete measures to solve the fog-haze problem.

Chemical characterization of submicron particles during typical air pollution episodes in spring over Beijing

Beijing experienced a long-lasting pollution episode in April 2012. Here, the authors characterize the sources and evolution processes of the pollution, with a focus on a haze and a dust episode that occurred during 15-30 April. All submicron aerosol species （PM1） showed substantial increases during the haze episode （HE）, with nitrate being the largest, contributing on average 32.2% of the non-refractory PM;（NR-PM1） mass （maximum： -42.0%）, which was different from other seasons. Secondary inorganic aerosol （SIA） species （55.1 ± 23.8 lag m-3; SIA = nitrate, ammonium, sulfate） played enhanced roles in the haze formation, accounting for 66.5% of the total NR-PM1 mass. In contrast to the HE, organics exhibited their highest levels （8.9 ± 5.4 lag m-3） among the NR-PM aerosol species during the dust episode, accounting for 64.0% on average. SIAs exhibited low concentration levels （4.6 ± 4.2 μg m-3） during the dust episode, contributing only 34.0% to the total NR-PM1 mass. This study suggests that air quality improvement strategies should be designed according to aerosol particle characteristics and formation mechanisms.

Liver Transplantation (in Chinese), revised edition, Edited by Shu-Sen Zheng. Pp843. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2012. ISBN: 978-7-117-15494-9/R.15495. ￥RMB 158

Liver Transplantation (in Chinese), revised edition, edited by Professor Shu-Sen Zheng and prefaced by Professor Guo-Wei Sang, has just been published. The revised edition is mainly based on the clinical practice of the Liver Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University and the experience

Xi Jinping's Congratulatory Letter to the 2015 Beijing Forum on Human Rights

On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression as well as the World Anti-Fascist War,the Beijing Forum on Human Rights this year is themed with"Peace and Development:Victory of World Anti-Fascist War and Human Rights Advancement,"which helps all parties deeply reflect on the

Chic Voyage——"Asahi Kasei· China Fashion Designer Creative awards" 2017 S/S collection Show Held in Beijing

'Asahi Kasei China Fashion Designer Creative awards'2017 S/S collection Show was held in Beijing Hotel to announce the theme of the nineteenth award-winning designer Richard Li’s works show on the evening of October 29,2016.This event is directly hosted by the China Fashion Week Organizing Committee,Asahi Kasei Corporation and Asahi Kasei Textile Corporation and Hong Kong Fashion Designers Association

MANAGEMENT OF MENEERE'S DISEASE—THE BEIJING TIANTAN HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE

Objective To report outcomes of nonsurgical and surgical management of Menire＇s disease at Beijing Tiantan Hospital. Methods Patients with Menire＇s disease were categorized into groups based on hearing and quality of life. Individualized management was provided, including life style modification, drug therapies, endolymphatic sac decompression and labyrin- thectomy. Treatment outcomes were evaluated during up to 24 months follow up. Results Eighty seven patients underwent life style modification and drug therapies. The vertigo control rate of Grade A and B was 76.9% and 83.8% respectively. Six patients received surgical management, including endolymphatic sac decompression （n = 5） and labyrinthecto- my （n = 1）. For these patients, the vertigo control rate of Grade A and B was 80% and 100%, respectively. Conclu- lsions Management of Meni6re＇s disease depends on several factors, i.e. severities of vertigo and hearing loss, quality of life, surgical contraindications and patient subjective desire. The treatment is drug therapies for the majority of patients, as well as life style modification. Surgical indications are rare and the least invasive procedures should be considered first. The results of surgery are generally satisfying.

Beijing's Foreign Trade & Economic Cooperation

In accordance with the basic lines of Beijing’s foreign trade and economic cooperation, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation has set specific tasks this year. They are as follows: Further quickening of steps in using foreign funds, with stress being placed on attracting investment from large companies. Efforts will be made in the management of medium-to-largeprojects. New fields and forms of cooperation

Beijing's Foreign Economic Relations and Trade

Beijing’s foreign economic relations and trade in 1993 surpassed that of 1992, and remarkable breakthroughs were made during the last year in the utilization of foreign capital, export volume and foreign exchange earnings, and the construction of development zones, according to Mr Zhang Xuequn, the Deputy Director of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade Commission of the Beijing Municipal Government. The robust development

Beijing's Imports Take Off

Beijing’s foreign economic and tradedepartment has devoted muchattention to the import business, whilecontinuously increasing its export value.In 1994 the value of its self-managedimports(excluding the imports it handledfor the state and provincial foreign tradecompanies as agent)stood at US＄1.91billion, up 38. 2％ over the previous year,remarkably higher than the growth rate ofexports. Of the imports, the means ofproduction and the means of livelihoodwere valued at US＄1.854 billion andUS＄57. 31 million, accounting for 97％and 3％ of the total respectively. Themanufactured goods and the primarygoods were worth US＄1. 634 billion

Beijing's Foreign Trade——Readjusting the Structure for New Growth Points in Beijing's Foreign Trade

At a working conference, Vice Mayor Lu Yucheng presented a plan for Beijing’s 1997 work in foreign trade and economic cooperation. The general task is to carry out the strategy of great economy and trade, expand exports, use foreign funds reasonably and effectively, and conduct international economic and technical cooperation. The major target is to complete export volume of US$2.3 billion. Last year’s import and

A Survey of Wild Birds Trading in the Beijing Bird Markets

Birds are an indispensable part of nature andthey play an important role in maintaining an ecologicalbalance. The existence of bird markets undoubtedlyposes a threat to the population of wild birds. Thegeographical location of Beijing is paramount to themigratory birds. The species of birds are rich in varietyand its quantity is large in scale. In addition, the birdmarket in old town Beijing has a long history - since theQing Dynasty, it has been the main bird market in thecity. Therefore, a survey of the major bird markets inthe city is highly representative. This study investigatedthe types, quantities, and prices of wild birds tradedin several major bird markets in Beijing from July16 to July 18, 2019. Data analysis and collation werealso conducted in this study. The results of the surveypresented 26 kinds of wild birds, with a total tradingvolume of an estimated 253. They are mainly birdsof the order of the passerine, 18 of which are underBeijing’s second-class protection, and one of them isunder first-class protection.

Beijing's Rivers

IN August 2002, the Changpu River east of the Tian’anmen Rostrum saw daylight once more after 40 years concealment underground. In the late 1960s the river was boarded over and warehouses in which to store adornments for Tian’anmen Square pageants built on it. Increasing concern for the Beijing eco-environment and preservation of its historic features in recent years has

1994: A Fruitful Year for Beijing's Foreign Trade and Ecnomic Cooperation

In 1994, foreign trade and economic cooperation in Bejing made major progress following overall growth for the previous three years. By 1994, the number of foreign-funded enterprises approved by the city exceeded 10, 000, the foreign capital actually used amounted to US $ 1.9 billion, and exports totalled US $ 2.1 billion, representing three major breakthroughs. In 1994, 2, 675 foreign-funded enterprises were approved, involving

China's First Joint Venture Making NdFeB Magnets——Beijing Century New Magnets Co. Ltd

AFast quenching NdFeB permanent magnet—a high-tech product filling in the domestic gaps—has been put into mass production by the Beijing Century New Magnetics Co. Ltd. Previously, only the United States of America had patent rights for production and sale of fast quenching NdFeB Magnets, and only General Motor Company could produce such high-tech products.

Beijing's Steady Growth in Foreign Economic Relations and Trade

In 1995,Beijing’s foreign economic andtrade sector continued to deepen itsrestructuring,give play to its advantagesand overcome its difficulties,and maintainedsustained development in foreign trade,theutilization of foreign investment and foreigncooperation. The year 1995 saw an import andexport volume of US＄4.23 billion,5.4 percentup from the previous year,including animport volume of US＄1.74 billion,down 8percent,exports of US＄2.49 billion,17.3percent up from the previous year,whichsurpasses the required US＄2.3 billion ofexports by the municipal government.Specialforeign trade companies and industrial andtrade companies had exports of US＄1.441billion,4.8 percent up from the previousyear,accounting for 57.9 percent of the

New Features of Beijing's Use of Foreign Investment

The Beijing Foreign Economic and Trade Commission has announced that,in 1997, Beijing’s use of foreign investment has had the following new features: