In Vitro Propagation and Artificial Seed Production of Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don, an Endangered Medicinal Plant

Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don(Liliaceae)is an endangered perennial bulbous plant and its dry bulb is a valuable med-icinal material with antitussive and expectorant effects.Nevertheless,lack of resources and expensive prices make it difficult to meet clinical needs.This study presents a regeneration system aimed at overcoming the challenge of inadequate supply in F.cirrhosa,focusing on:(1)callus induction,(2)bulblets and adventitious bud induction,and(3)artificial seed production.Callus development was achieved in 84.93%on Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium fortified with 1.0 mg·L^(-1) picloram.The optimal medium for callus differentiation into regenerated bulb-lets was MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L^(-1)6-benzyladenine(6-BA)and 0.2 mg·L^(-1)α-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA).Subsequently,bulblets and adventitious buds were induced from regenerated bulblet sections cul-tured on MS medium fortified with 0.3 mg·L^(-1)6-BA+1.0 mg·L^(-1)2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D),2.0 mg·L^(-1)6-BA+0.5 mg·L^(-1),and the induction rates were 88.17%and 84.24%,respectively.The regenerated bulblets were transplanted into a substrate of humus soil,river sand,and pearlite(1:1:1)after low-temperature treatment.The germination rate was 42.80%after culture for 30 days.Regenerated bulblets were used for encap-sulations in liquid MS medium containing 3%sucrose(w/v)+0.5 mg·L^(-1) NAA+2.0 mg·L^(-1)6-BA+3%sodium alginate(w/v)with a 10 min exposure to 2%CaCl_(2).Under non-aseptic conditions,the germination rate reached 81.67%,while the rooting rate was 20.56%after 45 days.The capsule added 1.0 g·L^(-1) carbendazim and 1.0 g·L^(-1) activated carbon was the best component of artificial seeds.This study successfully established an efficient regen-eration system for the rapid propagation of F.cirrhosa,involving in vitro bulblet regeneration and artificial seed production.This method introduces a novel approach for efficient breeding and germplasm preservation,making it suitable for large-scale industrial resource production.

Effects of Potassium-Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth, Antioxidant Activity and Expression of Related Genes in Fritillaria taipaiensis P. Y. Li

This study aimed to examine the effects of inoculating Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li leaves with different strains ofpotassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB), or combinations thereof, focusing on aspects of photosynthesis and physiologicaland biochemical characteristics. At present, some studies have only studied the rhizosphere microbialcommunity characteristics of F. taipaiensis and have not discussed the effects of different microbial species on thegrowth promotion of F. taipaiensis. This paper will start from the perspective of potassium-solubilizing bacteria toconduct an in-depth study. Seed cultivation commenced at the base with three different KSBs in early October2022. The growth of F. taipaiensis leaves was observed after different treatments. Both single-plant and compoundinoculations were executed. A total of eight treatment groups were established, with aseptic fertilizer and sterilizedsoil functioning as the control group. The results reveal that intercellular CO_(2) concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance(Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) were at their apex in the S7 group. Most treatment groups exhibited anincrease in leaf area, photosynthetic pigment content, soluble sugar, soluble protein, Superoxide Dismutase(SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT) activities, and proline content. The expression levels of POD, SOD,and CAT genes were evaluated, following inoculation with different KSB. The highest was the S7 group. Theinoculation with various KSB, or combinations thereof, appears to bolster the growth and development of F. taipaiensis.The composite inoculation group S7, comprising Bacillus cereus, Burkholderia cepacia, and Bacillus subtilis,manifested the most favorable impact on the diverse indices of F. taipaiensis, thereby furnishing valuableinsights for the selection of bacterial fertilizer in the artificial cultivation of F. taipaiensis.

Effects of Different Seed Stem Sizes on the Changes of Available Elements in Rhizosphere Soil of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.

[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen suitable seed stems of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.from different provenances and to provide a theoretical basis for the high-yielding and high-efficiency cultivation of F.thunbergii Miq.introduced to different places.[Methods]F.thunbergii Miq.from four different provenances including Zhejiang,Nantong and Chongqing were introduced and cultivated in Wanzhou of Chongqing.The contents of available Zn,Fe,Mn,Cu,Mo,N,P,K,Ca and Mg in rhizosphere soil of F.thunbergii Miq.during five growing stages were determined after selecting different stem sizes for field cultivation.[Results]Small stems of Pan an and Ningbo provenances(SSG3,121-160/kg)and middle stems of Nantong and Fengjie provenances(SSG2,81-120/kg)showed higher soil availability.[Conclusions]In the process of introduction and cultivation of F.thunbergii Miq.,high yield and high efficiency can be achieved by selecting smaller seed stems of F.thunbergii Miq.

Effects of Inoculation with Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on the Physiology,Biochemistry,and Expression of Genes Related to the Protective Enzyme System of Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li

Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li is a widely used medicinal herb in treating pulmonary diseases.In recent years,its wild resources have become scarce,and the demand for efficient artificial cultivation has significantly increased.This article is the first to apply phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li to the cultivation process of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li.The aim is to identify suitable reference strains for the artificial cultivation and industrial development of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li by examining the effects of various phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their combinations on photosynthesis,physiological and biochemical properties,and gene expression related to the protective enzyme system in F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li.The experiment,conducted in pots at room temperature,included a control group(CK)and groups inoculated with inorganic phosphorussolubilizing bacteria:W1(Bacillus cereus),W2(Serratia plymuthica),W12(Bacillus cereus and Serratia plymuthica),and groups inoculated with organophosphorus-solubilizing bacteria:Y1(Bacillus cereus),Y2(Bacillus cereus),Y12(Bacillus cereus and Bacillus cereus),totaling seven groups.Compared to CK,most growth indices in the bacterial addition groups showed significant differences,with W12 achieving the highest values in all indices except the leaf area index.The content of photosynthetic pigments,photosynthetic parameters,and osmoregulatory substances increased variably in each bacterial treatment group.W12 exhibited the highest content of chlorophyll a and soluble protein,while W1 had the highest free proline content.The activities of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and catalase(CAT)in all inoculated groups were higher than in CK,with significant changes in SOD and CAT activities.The malondialdehyde(MDA)content in all inoculated groups was lower than in CK,with Y12 being the lowest,at approximately 30%of CK.Gene expression corresponding to these three enzymes also increased variably,with POD expression in Y2 being the highest at 2.73 times that of CK.SOD and CAT expression in Y12 were the highest,at 1.84 and 4.39 times that of CK,respectively.These results indicate that inoculating phosphate solubilizing bacteria can enhance the growth of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li,with the mixed inoculation groups W12 and Y12 demonstrating superior effects.This lays a theoretical foundation for selecting bacterial fertilizers in the cultivation process of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li.

Classification of Chinese Traditional Drug-"Beimu" (Bulbus Fritillariae) by Pyrolysis High Resolution Gas Chromatography-Pattern Recognition

The combination of pyrolysis high resolution gas chromatography and pat- tern recognition techniques is a powerful tool for the classification of traditional Chinese drug.A study has been completed on 55 Beimu samples of five different geographic origins: Eastern China.Central China.South-western China,North-western China and North-eastern China.Principal component analysis and SIMCA are applied to effectively classifying the samples according to the origin of the plants.The chemical information contained in the high resolution gas chromatographic data is sufficient to characterize the geographic origin of sam- pies.

贝母多糖提取纯化、结构表征及生物活性研究进展

贝母是一种具有数千年历史的药食两用的中药材,含有多种活性成分,如皂苷、生物碱、氨基酸、黄酮类和多糖。其中,贝母多糖具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗衰老、免疫调节等作用,在食品医药领域具有良好应用前景。文章综述了近年来国内外关于贝母多糖的研究现状,比较了贝母多糖不同提取纯化方法的优缺点,探讨贝母多糖结构与其生物活性的关系,分析贝母多糖研究的发展趋势及在畜禽养殖中的应用前景,为贝母多糖的研究和开发利用提供一定参考依据。

超声辅助低共熔溶剂法提取太白贝母总黄酮及其抗氧化活性研究

采用超声辅助低共熔溶剂法提取太白贝母总黄酮,以太白贝母总黄酮提取率为考察指标,通过单因素实验和响应面法对提取工艺进行了优化,并通过DPPH自由基清除实验和ABTS自由基清除实验研究了其抗氧化活性。结果表明,在超声功率为69 W、料液比为1∶18(g∶mL)、超声温度为79℃、超声时间为27 min的最优工艺条件下,太白贝母总黄酮提取率可以达到17.7004%,与预测值相差极小;太白贝母总黄酮是一种强抗氧化剂,对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基具有较强的清除能力,在浓度为16 mg·mL^(-1)时,清除率分别达到82.15%、90.42%,与VC无明显差异。超声辅助低共熔溶剂法操作简便、提取率高,适用于太白贝母总黄酮的提取。该研究为太白贝母药材资源的开发利用提供了参考。

高效液相色谱法测定川贝母和川贝粉中三嗪代谢物残留

目的建立了一种快速固相萃取联合高效液相色谱法同时测定川贝母和川贝粉中3种三嗪代谢物残留量的分析方法。方法采用分散固相萃取前处理方法,样品经乙腈-水提取,无水硫酸镁和醋酸钠等无机盐盐析分离,十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶C18净化处理,以Athena C18柱为色谱柱,以水和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,外标法定量。结果通过合理选择色谱柱、流动相和净化剂,在最佳色谱条件下,脱异丙基莠去津、脱乙基莠去津和脱乙基特丁津等3种三嗪代谢物的检出限为0.20μg/kg,定量限为0.67μg/kg,3种目标组分在0.01~20.00μg/mL的线性范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999),在5、25和50μg/kg 3个添加水平内,平均加标回收率为95.3%~105.7%,相对标准偏差为1.0%~2.4%。结论该方法简单、快速、灵敏,适用于川贝类中药材中三嗪类农药代谢物残留量的快速检测分析。

基于叶绿体基因ITS1、rpl20-rps12、rbcl序列的平贝母种质资源遗传多样性分析

平贝母作为我国传统的药材,具有极高的药用价值,为了分析东北地区平贝母的遗传多样性,对27份平贝母材料进行了叶绿体序列分析。根据叶绿体DNA序列差异,选用并设计具有代表性的3对叶绿体基因(ITS1、rpl20-rps12、rbcl)引物,结果发现:3对引物扩增的序列长度分别为191 bp、783 bp、165 bp,同时引物rpl20-rps12区域的单倍型多态性最高,其中核酸差异平均数、核酸多态性、单倍型多态性分别为2.06838、0.00264、0.670。单倍型数目为5,形成9个单倍型。结果表明,黑龙江地区平贝母可能存在栽培种扩散,因此应该丰富平贝母的遗传背景,为新种质资源的开发和利用奠定基础。

遮荫下高原濒危药用植物川贝母(Fritillaria cirrhosa)光合作用和叶绿素荧光特征

测量了川贝母遮荫和全光下叶片光合生理参数和叶绿素荧光参数,探讨了其遮荫下生理生态学指标的变化和强光下的光适应机制,且对光合生理的测量过程给出了全面系统的介绍。川贝母日光合曲线呈双峰变化,遮荫后川贝母光合效率(Pmax)、细胞内CO2浓度(Ci)分别增加了31.1%、10%(p<0.01),有效光反应光强域值(PFD)增加了331.5[μmol/(m2.s)],最大表观量子效率(AQY)和气孔导度(COND)也有所增加,暗呼吸速率(Rd)和叶片蒸汽压亏缺(Vpdl)明显降低,此均有利用光合产物的积累;F′v/F′m(光照下反应中心能量捕获效率)、qP(光化学淬灭)、ETR(电子传递效率)、Psips2(PSⅡ的效率)分别增加了14.7%(p<0.01)、8.8%(p<0.01)、10%(p<0.01)、24.2%(p>0.05),促进了川贝母叶片对光能的利用;Fv/Fm(光化学效率)变化不明显,说明"灯笼花"阶段,全光下川贝母没有受到到明显的胁迫,光合机构未遭到破坏。当自然光强超过光饱和点时,川贝母主要通过提高非化学淬灭,耗散过多吸收的热能以防止光合机构的破坏。当出现极端气候(高温干旱)时,川贝母繁育退化现象("树儿子"或"灯笼花"阶段退回到"一匹叶"生长阶段)可能是对环境适应的主要方式。另外川贝母叶片狭小、叶片倾角较大降低了强光辐射的有效面积,在形态结构上有利于避免过高光强对叶光合器官的损伤。

基于血水同治法刍议当归贝母苦参丸之异病同治

目的 基于血水同治法刍议当归贝母苦参丸之异病同治。方法 以血水同治法为理论依据,结合当归贝母苦参丸之组方原理,探讨其异病同治之临床应用。结果 当归贝母苦参丸为血水同治法代表方剂,为治疗妇女妊娠并发小便难之名方。现代中医学者基于其血水同治的组方思路,扩展其临床应用,如盆腔炎、前列腺炎、慢性便秘、溃疡性结肠炎,以及肿瘤类疾病。结论 当归贝母苦参丸之异病同治皆为其血水同治之配伍功效与多种疾病之病机吻合,临证之时应灵活加减。

秋水仙素诱导川贝母(Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don)愈伤组织多倍体的研究

应用组织培养技术对川贝母 (Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don)进行多倍体诱导。结果表明 :组织培养条件下 ,将川贝母愈伤组织在培养基中添加一定浓度的秋水仙素处理一段时间 ,或者经一定浓度的秋水仙素浸泡一段时间后再培养 ,均可诱发川贝母多倍体的产生 ,但以前者效果较好 ,在秋水仙素浓度为 10 0 0 mg/ L ,处理 5 d的条件下 ,诱导率最高达 70 %。细胞染色体鉴定结果为 :四倍体染色体数为 2 n=4x=48,而二倍体的染色体数为 2 n=2 x=2 4。

不同产地太白贝母中11种核苷与碱基类成分分析及产地差异研究

目的对10批采自重庆、云南、陕西等5个省(市)的太白贝母样品中11种核苷和碱基类成分的含量进行测定,采用化学计量学分析法比较太白贝母中的核苷和碱基类成分的含量差异,对其质量进行综合评价,为规范化种植和产地优选提供参考。方法水超声提取太白贝母中的核苷和碱基类成分,采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)法测定样品中各成分含量,并采用主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)、层次聚类分析(Hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA)对产地进行划分,偏最小二乘判别分析(Partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)确定太白贝母中差异性的指标成分,比较指标性成分在不同产地样品间的含量差异。结果11种核苷和碱基类成分在不同产地太白贝母中存在显著差异;主成分分析和层次聚类分析可将样品聚为4类;PLS-DA鉴定出5个指标性成分,分别为尿嘧啶、胞嘧啶、尿苷、肌苷、腺苷,以重庆、湖北产地样品所含核苷和碱基成分相对较高,质量相对较优。结论该方法操作简单、重复性好、准确可靠,筛选出了鉴定不同产地太白贝母中的特征性核苷和碱基类成分,可用于初步阐明不同产地样品的差异性,并能够较好地反映太白贝母的品质,为太白贝母药材采购产地选择和质量控制提供参考。

基于系统药理学和分子对接探讨浙贝母-瓜蒌配伍调控慢性阻塞性肺病并发心脏衰竭的作用机制

基于GEO数据库挖掘慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)和心力衰竭(HF)关联靶点,检索浙贝母、瓜蒌化学成分及靶点,以获得其调控COPD并发HF潜在靶点,挖掘靶点功能及通路注释分析,构建组织特异性蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络。浙贝母-瓜蒌影响COPD并发HF进展共涉及靶点227个,包括表达上调基因153个,表达下调基因74个;网络拓扑学分析显示PPI网络平均介数为0.4,平均度值为1.83,关键靶点包括RPS23、SNU13、NOL6、ELAVL1、NCL等;细胞组分定位于内膜系统、核内体和细胞外囊泡;生物学过程涉及囊泡介导的运输、基于微管的运动、细胞内蛋白质运输等;信号通路涉及MAPK信号传导途径;MCODE分析发现Cluster 1涉及TKT、ENO1、NCL、KIF1B等,参与调控驱动蛋白、雌激素的高尔基体运输;Cluster 2涉及SIN3B、PHF20、CTBP1、XPNPEP1等,参与调控组蛋白反应;心耳、左心室、肺的组织特异性PPI网络提示浙贝母-瓜蒌配伍可能通过调控ELAVL1-ENO1-NCL轴影响COPD并发HF进展;分子对接表明其“宽胸散结”主要活性成分瓜蒌酸、“化痰散结”主要成分贝母新碱与ELAVL1、ENO1、NCL蛋白质靶标的结合高度稳定,且贝母新碱与靶蛋白结合力强于瓜蒌酸,体现两者配伍后先治肺再调心,相须为用以实现心肺共治的作用特点。

氮磷钾配施对川贝母产量和品质及养分吸收的影响

为探究氮、磷、钾配施对川贝母产量、总生物碱含量和养分吸收的影响,揭示川贝母需肥规律,为川贝母的精细化栽培提供理论指导。以5年生川贝母为试验对象,设氮、磷、钾3个因子和4个浓度水平,共14个处理,测定不同氮、磷、钾浓度配施下的川贝母产量、总生物碱含量和全株中氮、磷、钾含量;通过回归分析拟合氮、磷、钾用量与川贝母产量及总生物碱含量的肥效模型,结合频率分析法获得5年生川贝母生产最适施肥用量。结果表明,氮、磷、钾配施显著影响川贝母产量和总生物碱含量。随着用量的增加,川贝母产量和总生物碱含量呈先上升后下降的趋势。T6(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O分别为24、18、21 g/m^(2))处理和T3(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O分别为12、18、21 g/m^(2))处理下的产量与总生物碱含量分别为899.8 g/m^(2)、0.1794%和871.6 g/m^(2)、0.1745%,显著优于其他处理(P<0.05),其中T3处理的农学效率在14个处理中最高,为30.96%。不同处理下川贝母全株中的氮、磷、钾吸收分配比例保持在50.44%~54.36%、5.72%~7.22%、38.94%~42.33%,无显著性变化。较T6(基准施肥)处理,T2(缺氮)、T4(缺磷)和T8(缺钾)处理的产量和总生物碱含量分别降低了44.42%、32.31%、47.29%和21.29%、14.01%、21.66%。不同肥料对川贝母产量和总生物碱含量的影响表现为氮肥≈钾肥>磷肥。由氮、磷、钾施用量与产量和总生物碱含量拟合的肥料效应模型的相关性均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。基于肥效模型和频率分析法,以产量和总生物碱含量为主要考察指标,5年生川贝母的最适施肥方案为N 15.27~21.72 g/m^(2),P_(2)O_(5)11.85~16.08 g/m^(2),K_(2)O 13.82~18.65 g/m^(2)。

贝母枳术方治疗胃食管反流性咳嗽的回顾性队列研究

【目的】回顾性分析297例胃食管反流性咳嗽(gastroesophageal reflux cough,GERC)患者临床资料,探讨贝母枳术方(枳术丸加味)治疗GERC的临床疗效和安全性。【方法】采用回顾性队列研究,共计纳入2021年7月至2023年7月就诊于中国中医科学院望京医院门诊的297例胃气上逆型GERC患者,根据是否应用贝母枳术方分为暴露组136例和非暴露组161例,暴露组应用贝母枳术方治疗,非暴露组应用质子泵抑制剂(艾司奥美拉唑镁肠溶片)治疗,并经1∶1倾向性评分匹配(PSM)得到119对病例,观察匹配后2组患者治疗前后唾液胃蛋白酶水平的变化情况,比较匹配后2组患者治疗2周、8周后的咳嗽缓解总有效率和反流相关症状缓解率(包括反酸、烧心、嗳气、胃胀缓解率),并记录不良反应发生情况。【结果】(1)症状缓解率方面,匹配后,暴露组治疗2周后的咳嗽缓解总有效率及反酸、烧心、嗳气、胃胀等反流相关症状缓解率分别为84.87%(101/119)、80.77%(84/104)、82.61%(76/92)、82.5%(66/80)、84.42%(65/77),非暴露组分别为73.95%(88/119)、72.90%(78/107)、70.41%(69/98)、65.38%(51/78)、64.38%(47/73),组间比较,暴露组除反酸缓解率外的其他症状缓解率均明显优于非暴露组(P<0.05或P<0.01);暴露组治疗8周后的咳嗽缓解总有效率及反酸、烧心、嗳气、胃胀等反流相关症状缓解率分别为94.74%(36/38)、91.67%(33/36)、91.43%(32/35)、93.75%(30/32)、94.12%(32/34),非暴露组分别为77.78%(35/45)、74.42%(32/43)、71.43%(30/42)、68.42%(26/38)、66.67%(24/36),组间比较,暴露组的各项症状缓解率均明显优于非暴露组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(2)唾液胃蛋白酶水平方面,匹配后,暴露组治疗2周后的唾液胃蛋白酶水平较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),非暴露组的唾液胃蛋白酶水平未见明显下降(P>0.05),暴露组对唾液胃蛋白酶水平的下降作用明显优于非暴露组,组间治疗2周后及治疗前后差值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(3)安全性方面,非暴露组有4例(2.48%)患者出现不适反应,暴露组未出现相关不良反应,2组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.180,P=0.178)。【结论】贝母枳术方可有效缓解胃气上逆型GERC患者的咳嗽及反酸、烧心、嗳气、胃胀等反流相关症状,降低唾液胃蛋白酶水平,且具有较高的安全性。

甘肃马唧山地区榆中贝母(Fritillaria yuzhongensis)的生态学特性及种子发芽规律的初步研究

榆中贝母(Fritillaria yuzhongensis)生长于马啣山的高山地带,全生育期约100 d左右,是一种生育期较短的类短命植物。在果实成熟时,种子的胚发育不全,具有后熟作用的特点,包括形态后熟和生理后热两个阶段;因此,需要一定时期的低温处理,才能完成后熟过程,以解除休眠,促使种子发芽。本试验表明:榆中贝母完成形态后熟过程的最佳温度是7℃左右,经过100d以上的低温处理才能使原胚发育成熟,继续在7℃低温下处理70d以上,才能完成生理后熟过程。榆中贝母种子休眠时间长,需要经过170d以上的低温处理,种子才能萌发。本试验结果为榆中贝母种子的萌发提出了适宜的温度范围和低温处理时间,为提高种子的出苗率和缩短栽培年限提供了科学依据。

平贝母化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究进展

平贝母是寒地名贵中药,具有散结解郁,润肺清心等功效。在临床中广泛应用于气逆咳喘、喉痹、疮痈等病证的治疗,单味或复方使用皆效果良好,是具有广阔开发前景的纯天然高效药物。近年来,随着对平贝母研究不断深入,已分离得到生物碱类、核苷类、多糖类、挥发油类、有机酸类等成分,具有平喘、止咳、祛痰、镇静、抗炎、抗菌等药理活性。通过查阅近40年来国内外对平贝母化学成分和药理作用的研究报道并进行系统综述分析,以期为研究其药效物质基础提供科学的依据,促进平贝母的开发利用。

基于电子舌和电子眼信息融合的贝母品种快速辨识方法

贝母是一种应用广泛的中药材,其来源复杂,品种繁多,不同品种之间具有相似的外形特征,传统方法难以分辨。为实现贝母品种的快速、客观鉴别,本文提出了一种基于电子舌和电子眼结合深度学习模型的贝母品种快速辨识方法。分别使用电子舌、电子眼采集不同品种贝母的味觉指纹信息以及视觉图像信息。针对电子舌采集信号,采用基于因果注意力机制改进的Transformer编码器提取信号中的时间序列特征,提高对局部特征的提取能力。针对电子眼采集图像,采用基于坐标注意力机制改进的ShuffleNetV2网络提取图像不同区域的形态特征并抑制其背景噪声。提出一种特征加权融合分类模块,对电子舌和电子眼提取的特征信息进行自适应加权融合,并实现对融合特征的分类识别。结果表明,基于信息融合方法相较于单独采用电子舌和电子眼具有更好的分类效果,其测试准确率达到了98.4%。本研究为贝母品种的快速鉴别提供了一种新方法,并可为其它中药材的品种分类和溯源分析提供研究思路。

浙贝母逆转恶性肿瘤耐药的研究进展

肿瘤治疗过程中,耐药的出现会大大降低治疗效果,有效逆转肿瘤细胞耐药是改善患者预后的关键。现代药理研究表明,浙贝母具有逆转肿瘤细胞耐药的作用,常用于白血病、乳腺癌、肝癌等多种恶性肿瘤的研究中。浙贝母中的化学成分可通过抑制P-糖蛋白(P-gp)的表达、减少药物外排、增加胞内药物浓度等机制,在多种肿瘤细胞中实现其逆转耐药的作用;亦可通过阻滞细胞周期诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,进而增加肿瘤细胞内抗癌药物浓度,逆转肿瘤细胞耐药。现通过对近年来浙贝母化学成分及其逆转肿瘤细胞耐药的相关研究进行综述,以期促进浙贝母的深入研究,为后续应用于临床提供可靠的依据。