A Novel Open-winding Permanent Magnetic Starter-generator

针对永磁电机应用于车载起动／发电系统时存在的电压调节困难、适用转速范围窄、功率因数较低等问题，提出一种新型永磁车载起动／发电系统。通过引入绕组开路型永磁电机，绕组一端接整流桥形成输出直流侧，另一端接逆变桥形成控制端，构成具有宽转速范围和高效率的永磁电机起动／发电系统。分析该系统的起动、发电一体化工作原理，给出了通过逆变侧变换器实现发电机电压、电流控制的方案。仿真和实验结果表明，该新型车载起动／发电系统具有优良的发电调压控制性能，并且适应较宽的转速范围。

Implementation and Study of a Novel Doubly Salient Structure Starter/Generator System

A new type of double salient starter/generator is presented, which can be used in aircraft Low Voltage Direct Current (LVDC), Variable Speed Constant Frequency (VSCF) and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems. The operational theory of the motor and generator is analyzed, and corresponding control strategies are given. An 18kW prototype has been implemented to verify the system performance. It is shown that the DSM S/G system possesses simple structure, high efficiency and flexible control. It is ap...

RESEARCH OF THE SWITCHED RELUCTANCE STARTER/GENERATOR SYSTEMS

This paper focuses on the simulation and test of the switched reluctance starter/generator systems. Through the emulational analysis of the initial starting torque, the optimal turn-on section of the power switches is discovered. The fundamental theory of the generating operation is analyzed with the linearity model, and a new method is presented based on voltage pulse width modulation for the generating mode control. Through the steady-state and optimized emulation of the output power and system efficiency, the optimizational control approach for the generating mode over a wide speed range is introduced. At last, the test of the 3KW prototype system shows that the dynamic and static performance of this system is fine.

Torque Distribution Strategy for Integrated Starter/ Generator Hybrid Bus Implemented by Fuzzy Algorithm

A torque distribution strategy was designed by using fuzzy logic to realize the optimal control. The vehicle load zones were dynamically divided into several zones by several torque lines to indicate the drivers demand and the high or low efficient operating areas of the diesel engine. The fuzzy logic controller with trapezoid membership function and Mamdani rule reference mechanism was utilized. There are over 100 rules used in this fuzzy-based torque distribution strategy which are sorted into four rule-bases. The fuel economy and acceleration tests were designed to test and validate the integrated starter/generator (ISG) bus perfor-mance using fuzzy-based torque distribution strategy. The fuel economy is improved 7.7% compared with the rule-based strategy. Finally the road test results reveal that there is about 15% improvement of fuel economy. And the 0-50 km/h acceleration time is 9.5% shorter than the original bus.

Overview and Analysis of PM Starter/Generator for Aircraft Electrical Power Systems

More Electrical Aircraft(MEA)which replaces the hydraulic and pneumatic power by electrical power leads to reducing emissions and fuel consumption.The MEA concept has led to a growing use of the starter/generator(S/G)system.Permanent magnet(PM)machines have been gaining interests for aircraft S/G system application over the last few years.This is mainly due to the several advantages,including high power density,high efficiency and high speed ability.The shortcoming of the PM machines is the de-­excitation problem in case of a failure,which is a main issue for the aircraft application.However,by using a PM machine with high reactance or multiphase configuration,the fault-­tolerant ability can be improved.In terms of the aircraft S/G system,this paper is going to present a comprehensive analysis of PM machines.Firstly,the state-­of-­the-­art of PM starter/generator(PMS/G)is summarized and the basic structure of PMS/G system is analyzed.Next,key technologies of the PMS/G system are summarized and analyzed.Finally,a flux weakening fault protection strategy that is used to suppress the turn-­to-­turn short circuit(SC)current is studied,simulated and verified.With the breakthrough of key technologies based on the development of high temperature electromagnetic material and high temperature power electronics,the PMS/G will be a potential candidate for aircraft S/G system including the embedded power generation system.

Design and Initial Testing of An Integrated Switched Reluctance Starter/Generator System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

According to specific performance requirements,an integrated switched reluctance starter/generator system,which can start the engine and supply electrical energy to the loads,is designed and manufactured for the unmanned aerial vehicle.Considering the required starting torque and speed range,the geometrical dimensions of the switched reluctance machine are calculated based on the output equation and further optimized with finite element analysis,and the flux-linkage,inductance and static torque characteristics are illustrated.To verify the performances of the designed system,detailed simulation with the model considering piston engine and experiment using the test bench are carried out.

Research on Switched Reluctance Motor for Automobile Starter/Generator System

A self-designed and developed 12/10 switched reluctance motor(SRM)is chosen as the object of study and a prototype of 2.5?kW switched reluctance starter/generator with fly-wheel is designed based on the requirements of the selected engine (Changan Aotooc three-cylinder engine wagon) for the starter, generator and drive. The 36?V/42 V DC source system is applied to establishing the simulation-analyzing model of the motor. A finite-element (FE) analysis of its two-dimensional electromagnetic field is conducted to obtain the exact model of the motor. Systematic simulation is carried out combining with its power conversion circuit and control element. Meanwhile the starting process and performance of the system are studied and analyzed with special efforts. Satisfactory result is derived from the testing of the prototype: theoretical analysis is basically matched with the tested data, which proves the rationality and feasibility of the design procedures, systematic modeling and control strategies. Therefore, the new 12/10-structure scheme is put forward based on the development and analysis of various SRM and it meets the requirements of the researched motor in terms of the structural parameters.

Research on Iron Loss of Switched Reluctance Starter/Generator for Energy Storage

In order to better realize the energy recovery and storage of hybrid EVs(HEVs),a switched reluctance starter/generator(SRS/G)with both starting and power generation functions is investigated in this paper.First,the iron loss of SRS/G is mainly studied to reduce the motor loss and improve the power generation efficiency.Then,the energy storage of hybrid EVs can be effectively improved.Secondly,a magnetic flux density(MFD)waveforms solution method is proposed to solve the difficulty in calculating the iron loss of the SRS/G.Compared with the commonly used finite element method,the proposed solution method has the advantages of simple,fast and small computational amount.Meanwhile,considering the different operating conditions of SRS/G,the iron loss models for both the time-domain and frequency-domain are established.In addition,the calculation formula of the variable coefficient Bertotti three-term loss separation is improved.As the hysteresis loss coefficient,the Steinmetz coefficient and the stray loss coefficient are respectively fitted by the Fourier fitting method.This method is also applied to solve the iron loss of SRS/G.Finally,through an experimental verification,it is indicated that the development of proposed method has high accuracy.

Detailed Design of a High Speed Switched Reluctance Starter/Generator for More/All Electric Aircraft

The basic concepts and advantages of more/all electric aircraft （M/AEA） are briefly addressed. The combined starter/generator （CS/G） system is introduced as a key technology to enable M/AEA. Some important performance requirements for CS/G system are obtained. Based on these requirements, a high speed switched reluctance machine （SRM） is designed to operate as a starter/generator. The entire design process is mainly divided into two stages： electromagnetic design and thermal design. In electromagnetic design stage, the electromagnetic structure and dimensions of the machine and the number of phase winding turns per pole are obtained; the topology and main technical details of the converter are briefly introduced as well. In thermal design stage, a liquid-cooling system is designed based on the thermal analysis of the machine. In the end, the performances of the designed SRM are basically verified by simulation. To get high performances, the exciting angles are optimized in two different operating modes respectively, and the optimized performances in the motoring mode are given as well.

基于励磁机定子直轴电流定点采样的航空多级式起动/发电机低速段转子位置估算方法

航空多级式起动/发电机起动时,需要准确的主电机转子位置,而位置传感器受体积、重量等制约,需要开展转子位置估算研究。该文基于多级式电机结构特征,通过分析转子位置在主励磁机定子电流中的表征,提出一种基于两相励磁机定子直轴电流定点采样的低速段转子位置估算方法。该方法在起动时分三步实施:首先,实时采集主励磁机定子两相电流,并变换到定子磁场同步旋转dq坐标系;其次,对直轴电流定点采样,提取包含转子位置信息的正余弦信号,通过锁相环获得主励磁机转子位置增量;然后,结合主电机与主励磁机同轴安装特征及主电机初始位置,获取主电机实时转子位置,并实现低速段无位置传感器起动。该方法无需高频信号注入和滤波器,不依赖主电机凸极性且锁相环鲁棒性强。最后,实验验证了所提方法的有效性和较高的估算精度。

基于励磁电压方波调制的三级式同步起动/发电机转子初始位置估算方法

现有基于高频注入的三级式同步起动/发电机转子初始位置估算方法由于高频衰减,面临失效风险。该文基于主电机定转子互感,提出一种“基于励磁电压方波调制的三级式同步起动/发电机转子初始位置估算方法”,将励磁电压作为载波,用低频方波对其进行调制后,提取主电机定子侧低频响应电流用于转子初始位置估算。定子逆变器三相下管导通状态下,该方法分为2步:首先对励磁电压进行低频方波调制,采集主电机定子低频感应电流用于转子初始位置预估算;其次,由预估算初始位置,判断励磁电压断电前后相关电流特征,得到包含磁极信息的最终初始位置。所提方法通过虚拟角度变换和方差对采集低频电流进行处理。实验表明所提方法具有较高估算精度。

基于改进FMECA的多电飞机起动/发电系统风险评估

针对现有故障模式影响与危害度分析(Fault Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis,FMECA)主观性较强、评估结果不够准确的缺陷,提出一种改进FMECA风险评估方法。该方法采用Kendall协调系数对专家打分进行一致性分析与权重分配,利用基于马氏距离的逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)进行故障模式风险等级排序。在详细分析多电飞机起动/发电系统故障模式及其发生概率、故障发生严酷度和可探测度的基础上,解算了专家评判数据的权重,开展了风险等级排序研究。以多电飞机起动/发电系统故障模式为研究对象,进一步采用基于加权相对贴近度的不确定性量化方法,对改进FMECA方法与现有FMECA、模糊FMECA方法进行了比较研究,结果表明改进FMECA方法的不确定性量化指标降低幅度较大,可以获得较好的风险评估结果。

大功率涡扇发动机负载下基于加速度调节的航空三级式电机起动控制策略研究

针对某大功率航空涡扇发动机电起动过程中,存在的因特殊负载力矩特性对地面电源瞬时功率需求变化等会影响起动可靠性,引起电源保护等问题,提出了基于加速度调节的三级式电机起动控制策略。在保证发动机起动成功的前提下,对不同速度范围内加速度进行合理规划,减小起动初始阶段的转矩冲击,降低对地面电源的功率需求。通过对该负载情况下仿真分析和台架起动试验,验证了所提起动控制方法的有效性,为航空三级式电机起动/发电系统在涡扇发动机上的应用提供了参考。

内置式起发一体机的设计与优化

随着飞行器技术的不断进步,飞行器内部的电路结构向着小型化和高功率化发展。起发一体机将飞行器的起动、发电结合为一体,不仅可以减小飞行器的体积,还可以为飞行器提供起动转矩和电源支持。对起发一体机的研究现状进行了综述,以内置式永磁同步电机作为起发一体机,对转子结构进行了对比选型。选取了“一+V”型转子,经过优化的电机性能最终符合了设计要求。

航空直流起动发电机换向火花抑制研究

针对航空直流起动发电机大电流、高转速产生的换向火花导致换向器表面高温烧蚀换向片,同时换向火花产生的电磁辐射对飞行器的通讯系统造成干扰的问题,根据经典换向理论建立直流起发电机换向数学模型,从电磁优化和机械试验两个方面研究了换向火花的抑制措施。首先,从电磁角度研究主磁极计算极弧系数对电流换向的影响,当计算极弧系数为0.65时电机近似直线换向;当电刷覆盖系数为2.41时,较小电抗电动势降低了换向电流,同时对电机起动性能和发电性能影响忽略不计。然后,从机械结构角度对不同电刷材料和不同电刷压力开展试验,结果表明选取52 kPa的电刷压力和TDQ52有芯柱电刷,脉动电压从0.88 V降低到0.53 V,电机在起动和发电两种状态下的换向火花都显著减小。所采取措施对于提高电机航空电源品质和延长电机使用寿命具有重要价值。

航空起发一体电机系统控制器的设计

提出了航空起发一体电机系统控制器的设计方案,采用矢量控制及弱磁扩速控制方式实现电动机起动控制,发电整流模块与起动模块分时共用MOSFET三相全桥主功率电路,采用专用芯片实现同步整流,采用BUCK电路并利用多相交错并联降低输出纹波,控制算法采用3零点3极点(3P3Z)补偿方法进行28V输出稳压控制,实现了航空发动机快速起动、永磁同步电机起动到发电的平稳转换以及28V直流电源输出。仿真研究表明系统的起动时间短、动态过程性能好,28V直流电源输出稳定,并联BUCK电路各支路均流理想,具有一定的工程应用价值。

Design and analysis of a novel hybrid cooling method of high-speed high-power permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance starter/generator in aviation applications

To improve the heat dissipation performance,this paper proposes a novel hybrid cooling method for high-speed high-power Permanent Magnet assisted Synchronous Reluctance Starter/Generator(PMa Syn R S/G)in aerospace applications.The hybrid cooling structure with oil circulation in the housing,oil spray at winding ends and rotor end surface is firstly proposed for the PMa Syn R S/G.Then the accurate loss calculation of the PMa Syn R S/G is proposed,which includes air gap friction loss under oil spray cooling,copper loss,stator and rotor core loss,permanent magnet eddy current loss and bearing loss.The parameter sensitivity analysis of the hybrid cooling structure is proposed,while the equivalent thermal network model of the PMa Syn R S/G is established considering the uneven spraying at the winding ends.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid cooling method is demonstrated on a 40 k W/24000 r/min PMa Syn R S/G experimental platform.

ISG型速度耦合混合动力系统全局最优控制方法

混合动力系统具有节能和环保优势,为了提高混合动力系统的燃油经济性,结合ISG(integrated starter generator)型速度耦合混合动力系统的结构,构建了系统动力学模型。利用动态规划方法,设计了以发动机节气门开度和电机转矩为控制变量,以发动机转速和电池SOC等为状态变量,以整个循环发动机燃油消耗最低为目标函数,电池SOC维持平衡和限制频繁换挡为附加代价函数的动态规划算法。仿真结果表明:与传统的基础车型相比,混合动力系统燃油经济性提高了35.5%。

6kW开关磁阻起动/发电系统设计及实现

由于开关磁阻起动 /发电系统结构简单、坚固、成本低 ,具有高容错运行能力、较高的能量密度和高速运行能力等特性 ,使得其被发展应用于航空领域。该系统很容易实现起动和发电双功能 ,发电运行的额定功率为 6 k W,输出 2 70 V直流电压 ,最高转速为 12 0 0 0 r/m in,其电压品质满足 MIL- STD- 70 4E标准。文中重点介绍该系统的工程设计及预定试验 ,在起动运行时采用开环控制 ,控制很方便 ;在发电运行时采用调角度电流斩波方法、双闭环控制 ,使得电压在较宽转速范围下具有很好的稳态特性和动态特性 ,试验结果表明该系统的特性优良。

开关磁阻组合起动机/发电机设计及试验

开关磁阻发电机是一种与传统发电机有本质差异的新颖无刷直流发电机。针对磁阻电机、功率变换器和控制器彼此强耦合且气隙磁场剧烈往复变化、相绕组集励磁储能与续流发电双重功能等特征,提出了融电磁结构参数预估、相磁链空间数值分析及稳、动态性能仿真于一体的集成CAD方法,研制了4kW开关磁阻组合起动机/发电机并按照飞机供电标准进行稳态品质试验、突加突卸载及变速瞬态特性试验、组合起动/发电试验和容错发电试验。